travel advice cyprus

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Warnings and insurance

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) provides advice about risks of travel to help British nationals make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice .

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide as well as support for British nationals abroad which includes:

• advice on preparing for travel abroad and reducing risks
• information for women, LGBT+ and disabled travellers

Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also sign up to get email notifications when this advice is updated.

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance . Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

Consular assistance in the north of Cyprus

The self-declared ‘Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus’ is not recognised by the British government and FCDO ’s ability to offer consular assistance there is limited. For more information see Regional risks

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Is it safe to travel to Cyprus right now? Latest travel advice

Here’s the latest foreign office advice on visiting cyprus following military action between israel and iran.

C yprus is one of Europe’s popular holiday destinations, but is actually closer to the Middle East than to Europe – and holidaymakers are wondering whether their plans to visit will be disrupted by increased tensions in the region.

On April 19, Israel reportedly launched a retaliatory attack on Iran , in response to missile and drone attacks on Israel on April 13. This hasn’t changed the UK Foreign Office’s advice for travelling to Cyprus — although it does warn that terrorism attacks “cannot be ruled out”.

Despite that, thanks to its enviably sunny location in the Mediterranean, Cyprus is popular with British holidaymakers year-round. In spring, the island comes into full bloom, while in summer there are blue-flag beaches where you can soak up the sun. By autumn, the Troodos Mountains are bathed in a golden hue, and the mild winters make it an attractive year-round choice.

Here’s everything you need to know about the latest travel advice to Cyprus.

What’s the latest government advice about travelling to Cyprus?

Cyprus is generally considered to be a safe holiday destination and the UK Foreign Office hasn’t updated its advice on travelling to the island since the fighting between Israel and Hamas began, or since Iran’s military action against Israel on April 13. It does, however, warn that protests can happen with little warning in light of the conflict.

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Separately, it warns that the British government does not recognise “the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus”. Furthermore, consular support will be very limited in this area, which means you may be “more vulnerable and at greater risk”.

Has Cyprus been affected by the Israel-Hamas conflict?

Cyprus is not directly affected by the fighting between Israel and Hamas, or the conflict between Iran and Israel, although it is home to a significant Israeli population that has swelled since the conflict began in early October 2023. Security measures around the island have heightened since the fighting began, according to local press.

Tensions rose following the US and UK strikes on Houthi bases in Yemen on January 11, which were in response to Houthi attacks on commercial ships in the Red Sea. This sparked protests outside the RAF base in Akrotiri, which was used as one of the launch pads for the strikes. Cyprus was not involved in the operation, and Britain is not obligated to seek permission from Cyprus for any military operations launched from the base.

Is it safe to travel to Cyprus right now?

The UK’s Foreign Office hasn’t changed its advice for Cyprus in the wake of the Israel-Hamas war, or the recent attack on Israel by Iran. For now, it’s still considered a safe destination. You should, however, follow the local news and stay away from any protests while there.

• Best all-inclusive hotels in Cyprus • Best beaches in Cyprus

What are Cyprus’s entry requirements?

Cyprus is a full member of the EU, which means that most of the rules and restrictions for entering any EU nation apply, including passport validity requirements .

For British citizens, that means ensuring that your passport is less than ten years old and has at least three months of validity left on the day you intend to leave the country.

You can enter Cyprus without a visa for up to 90 days for tourism, visiting friends or family, attending business meetings or short-term study. Unlike other EU countries such as France or Spain, which are part of the Schengen zone , your stay in Cyprus does not count towards the 90 day visa-free limit imposed on Brits after Brexit.

Is Cyprus safe for female travellers?

Yes, Cyprus is generally considered safe for female travellers, including those travelling on their own. Crime rates are low but personal attacks, including sexual assault, do happen.

The UK Foreign Office says that drug-assisted rape is a risk in Cyprus, and includes the use of drugs such as GHB and liquid ecstasy. It advises buying your own drinks and keeping an eye on them. If you’re on a night out with friends, avoid splitting up with the rest of the group.

Is Cyprus safe for LGBT travellers?

Cyprus is generally considered safe for LGBT travellers. Same-sex relationships are legal in the country and civil partnerships are recognised. However, the Foreign Office warns that it may not be as widely accepted as in the UK, especially in the north of the island.

• Is it safe to travel to Israel right now? Latest advice • Is it safe to travel to Egypt right now? Latest advice • Is it safe to travel to Turkey right now? Latest advice • Is it safe to travel to Jordan right now? Latest advice • Is it safe to travel to Dubai right now? Latest advice

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Exercise a high degree of caution in Cyprus due to the active UN peacekeeping operation in the country.

Cyprus (PDF 687.05 KB)

Europe (PDF 2.62 MB)

Local emergency contacts

Fire and rescue services, medical emergencies.

COVID-19 hotline: 1420

All emergencies in northern Cyprus

Advice levels.

Exercise a high degree of caution in Cyprus.

Exercise a high degree of caution in Cyprus due to  the active UN peacekeeping operation in the country.

• A UN peacekeeping force maintains a buffer zone between northern and southern Cyprus. The Government of the Republic of Cyprus controls the southern part of the island. The self-proclaimed 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus' ('TRNC') controls the north.
• Violent incidents can occur in the UN buffer zone, especially during public demonstrations. Avoid protests.
• Watch out for bag snatching and pickpocketing, particularly in tourist areas.
• Cyprus experiences earth tremors and violent storms. Forest fires are common from May to October. Monitor local media for updates.

Full travel advice: Safety

• Heatwaves are becoming more frequent over the summer months. Drink plenty of water, wear light clothing, stay in air conditioning or shaded areas, and follow the advice of local authorities.
• Ensure your insurance covers travel in both the northern and southern parts of Cyprus.
• Avoid contact with rodents, bats, other vermin and 'yellow fever mosquitoes'. They carry disease. There have been cases of West Nile Virus reported in Cyprus.
• Medical facilities in the Republic of Cyprus's main cities are adequate but expensive. Medical services in the north are basic.

Full travel advice: Health

• Cypriot authorities don't always advise Australian authorities when they arrest an Australian citizen. If you're arrested, tell the Australian High Commission straight away.
• You could be a national of Cyprus if you have a family connection to Cyprus. You may have to do military service if you have a family connection to Cyprus. Check with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of Cyprus). If you have a Turkish Cypriot background, check with  relevant authorities before you travel.

Full travel advice: Local laws

• Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the nearest high commission, embassy or consulate of Cyprus for the latest details.
• Additional security measures are in place at Larnaca and Pafos airports. You should arrive at your terminal at least 3 hours   before your flight's departure time.
• If you're crossing into and returning from the north of Cyprus (the area not controlled by the government of Cyprus), avoid the Pergamos and Stovilia crossing points, as non-EU citizens are barred from travelling through those crossing points as they're part of the United Kingdom's Sovereign Territory. There's no signage announcing this restriction, and you'll be turned away.

Full travel advice: Travel

Local contacts

• The Consular Services Charter details what we can and can't do to help you overseas.

For consular help, contact the Australian High Commission in Nicosia.

• To stay up to date with local information, follow the High Commission’s social media accounts.”

Full travel advice: Local contacts

Full advice

Civil unrest and political tension.

UN Buffer Zone

The Government of the Republic of Cyprus is the only internationally recognised authority in Cyprus. However, in practice, it only controls the southern part of the island.

The self-proclaimed 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus' ('TRNC') controls the northern part of Cyprus. Turkiye is the only country that recognises the 'TRNC'. There's also a Turkish military presence in the north.

A United Nations peacekeeping force (UNFICYP) controls a buffer zone between northern and southern Cyprus.

Be aware of the political sensitivity of the division of the island. Monitor local news for updates.

Violent incidents

Some violent incidents have occurred along the UN Buffer Zone (also known as 'The Green Line'). Rowdy, politically motivated behaviour has occurred among fans at local sporting matches.

Public protests and events that draw large groups of people can turn violent, particularly around the UN Buffer Zone.

Frequent violence also occurs at sporting events.

To stay safe:

• take care if speaking about the division of Cyprus in public
• avoid protests and demonstrations
• monitor the media and other sources for possible unrest
• avoid affected areas
• don't take photos in military areas (see  Local laws )
• follow the advice of local authorities

More information:

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Petty crime

Bag-snatching, pickpocketing and petty theft happen, particularly in urban and tourist areas.

To reduce your risk of petty crime:

• look after your belongings, particularly in crowded areas
• hold bags and backpacks in front of you

Violent crime

Serious violence, including physical  assault , occurs. Media reports have linked the violence to organised crime. Be aware of your surroundings and take normal precautions.

Drink spiking

Drink spiking is a risk, especially in tourist areas. It puts you at a higher risk of theft and  sexual assault . Take reasonable steps to protect yourself. 

To reduce your risk of drink spiking:

• never accept food or drinks from strangers
• don't leave food or drinks unattended
• Partying safely

Theft around ATMs

Be careful when you use ATMs. If possible:

• use ATMs in banks, shops and shopping centres
• avoid ATMs that open onto the street, especially at night

To protect yourself from  scams : 

• check prices before ordering food and drinks, especially at bars and cabarets
• check that the taxi-meter is on when travelling in a taxi
• be aware of counterfeit products
• check the  Cyprus police website  for the latest on common scams

Cyber security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you're connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth. 

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media. 

More information:  

• Cyber security when travelling overseas  

While there have been no recent terrorist attacks in Cyprus, they can still happen.

Terrorism occurs in Europe. Terrorist attacks have taken place in several European cities.

Targets have included public transport and transport hubs, and public places frequented by foreigners.

European security services have disrupted a number of planned attacks in recent years.

To protect yourself from terrorism:

• be alert to possible threats, especially in public places
• be careful around places terrorists tend to target
• monitor local media for new threats
• take official warnings seriously

Report suspicious activity or items to the police.

If there's an attack, leave the area as soon as it's safe. Avoid the affected area in case there are secondary attacks.

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

Swimming safety

Strong seas and rips at some beaches pose a risk to swimmers. To stay safe:

• follow warning signs on beaches
• only swim at approved beaches

Adventure activities

Transport and tour operators don't always follow safety and maintenance standards, including for:

• adventure activities
• water sports and diving
• renting vehicles, such as quad bikes or dune buggies

If you plan to do an  adventure activity :

• check if your travel insurance policy covers it
• use licensed and insured operators
• ask about and insist on minimum safety requirements
• always use available safety gear, such as life jackets or seatbelts

If proper safety equipment isn't available, use another provider.

Some operators may ask for your passport as a deposit or guarantee for equipment hire.  Passports  are valuable documents. Never give your passport as a deposit or guarantee.

Climate and natural disasters

Cyprus experiences natural disasters and  severe weather , including:

• earthquakes
• violent wind storms
• forest fires

To protect yourself if there's a natural disaster or severe weather:

• secure your passport in a safe, waterproof location
• keep in touch with friends and family
• monitor the media, other local sources and the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System

Earthquakes

Cyprus experiences earthquakes. While large earthquakes are rare, minor earth tremors can happen.

Violent storms

Cyprus can experience violent storms and high winds in coastal regions.

Winter snowstorms occur in the Troodos Mountains. These storms can block roads or create poor driving conditions.

Forest fires

Cyprus has forest and grass fires during the long dry season from May until October. Fires are most common in heavily forested and mountainous regions  and can start with little warning and travel quickly. 

• Travel insurance

Get comprehensive travel insurance before you leave. 

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away
• that it covers travel to both northern and southern parts of Cyprus

Physical and mental health

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. 

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your  nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate  to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips  (Healthdirect Australia)

Medications

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Cyprus. Take enough legal medication for your trip.

Carry a copy of your prescription and a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use

Health risks

Rodents, bats, other vermin and 'yellow fever mosquitoes' can carry diseases that people can catch. Avoid contact with such animals in the countryside or at archaeological sites.

Outbreaks of water-borne, food-borne, insect-borne and other infectious diseases are common in the eastern Mediterranean region and can occasionally occur in Cyprus.

There have been reports of West Nile Virus cases in south and north Cyprus. There's no vaccine to prevent it.

To protect yourself from disease:

• make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing

Extreme Heat

Heatwaves are becoming more frequent over the summer months. They can cause heat stroke and exhaustion. Drink plenty of water, wear a hat, wear suitable light clothing, and, if possible, stay indoors during the heat of the day. There's limited shade in and around tourist areas. 

Air Pollution

Air quality in Cyprus is variable due to frequent winds carrying dust from North Africa and the Middle East and the use of dirty fuel in electricity production. The air quality further deteriorates during periods of forest fire. If you typically rely on medication to assist with breathing, bring it with you, and ensure you have enough for your visit.

Follow local media and authorities for up-to-date information on health risks.

More Information:

• Cyprus government

Medical care

Medical facilities.

Public and private facilities in the Republic of Cyprus's main cities are adequate but can be costly.

Medical services in northern Cyprus are more basic than in the south.

Cyprus has public and private decompression chambers. Check the Cyprus Dive Center Association  for details.

If you become seriously ill or injured, you may be evacuated to a place with better facilities. Medical evacuation can be very expensive.

You're subject to local laws and penalties, including those that appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling, especially for an extended stay.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our  Consular Services Charter . But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Cypriot authorities don't always tell the Australian High Commission they have arrested an Australian citizen. This is especially the case if you're a dual national.

If police arrest or detain you, ask them or your family and friends to notify the Australian High Commission immediately.

Penalties for drug offences are severe and can lead to life in jail. Carrying even small amounts of an illegal drug can result in jail time.

• Carrying or using drugs

Buying property

Buying property in the north of Cyprus can be risky. Legal titles to land can be uncertain.

When the conflict of 1974 displaced people in the north, many had property ownership claims. 

It's a crime to buy, sell or rent property without the owner's consent.

Get legal advice before signing a property contract.

It's also a crime to intend to purchase disputed property. Officials may consider your possession of property pamphlets from the north as evidence of intent to purchase.

You could face criminal proceedings if you cross the Green Line with documents about buying property in northern Cyprus.

There are laws relating to the use of drones in Cyprus relating to what type of drone can be flown without a licence and where and when they can be flown. 

More information: 

• Regulations for Drones (Cyprus Department of Civil Aviation) 

It's illegal in both parts of Cyprus to:

• take photos of military camps, facilities, personnel or equipment, even by accident
• take photos in the UN buffer zone
• take photos in any military-designated area
• enter a restricted military zone
• export cultural or archaeological artefacts without official authorisation

Marriage laws

If you plan to  get married  in Cyprus, check the legal requirements before travelling.

• High Commission of the Republic of Cyprus in Canberra
• Australian High Commission in Cyprus

Australian laws

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

Staying within the law and respecting customs

Dual citizenship

Under local laws, you could be a national of Cyprus if you have a family connection to Cyprus.

National service

Dual Australian-Cypriot nationals may have to do national service. This may apply if you're:

• aged 15 to 50 years
• staying  longer than 3 months

Female dual nationals may have civil defence obligations. This may apply if you're:

• aged 18 to 50 years
• a permanent resident of Cyprus

If you're a male dual national aged 16 to 26 years, you need an exit permit to leave Cyprus. You can get a permit from either the:

• High Commission of the Republic of Cyprus in Australia
• Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Cyprus

If you are or could be a national of Cyprus, check about national service before you travel. Ask the Cypriot  Ministry of Foreign Affairs .

National service in the north

If you're in northern Cyprus, you might have to do military service if you:

• have a Turkish-Cypriot background
• are older than 18 years
• stay longer than 3 months in northern Cyprus

Check with the relevant authorities (Cypriot Turkish) before you travel.

Length of national service

Officials may reduce the length of your national service if you show evidence of long-term residency in Australia.

Get a copy of your movements in and out of Australia as evidence of residency. Make a 'Request for International Movement Records' to the Department of Home Affairs .

You'll need this documentation if you:

• are or could be a dual national
• haven't completed national service
• intend to stay longer than 3 months

Dual nationals

Visas and border measures

Every country or territory decides who can enter or leave through its borders. For specific information about the evidence you'll need to enter a foreign destination, check with the nearest embassy, consulate or immigration department of the destination you're entering. 

Visa conditions

You don't need a tourist visa to visit Cyprus for stays of up to 90 days in a 6-month period.

If you plan to stay longer, you must apply for a visa. Applications can be made in-country.

If you overstay your visa, officials may charge you with breaching immigration rules.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the nearest  embassy or consulate  for details about visas, currency, customs and quarantine rules.

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs  (Cyprus)
• Ministry of Interior  (Cyprus)

Arrivals by sea must meet the same requirements as air arrivals (see above).

Travelling to or from the north through crossing checkpoints

Travel is permitted between the south and north of Cyprus. Refer to  local authorities  for the latest advice

Immigration officials might refuse entry into Cyprus if they have concerns about previous or planned travel to the north. This includes accommodation in the north or planned activities, such as commercial, academic or employment activities.

Entry to Cyprus is only legal through the following:

• the airports of Larnaca and Paphos
• the seaports of Larnaca, Limassol, Latsi and Paphos

It's illegal to enter or exit Cyprus via any air or sea port in northern Cyprus. 

Illegal entry ports include:

• Tymbou ('Ercan') and Lefkoniko ('Gecitkale') airports
• the seaports of Kyrenia (Girne) and Famagusta (Gazi Magusa)

Only enter the UN Buffer Zone at formal crossing points. Police and UN forces strictly enforce this.

Departure from Cyprus

There are additional security measures in place at Larnaca and Pafos airports. You should arrive at your terminal at least 3 hours   before your flight's departure time.

Some countries won’t let you enter unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you’re just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than 6 months

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport’s expiry date before you travel. If you’re not sure it’ll be valid for long enough, consider getting a new passport .

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

• In Australia, contact the Australian Passport Information Service .
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate .

Passport with ‘X’ gender identifier 

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can’t guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest  embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination  before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers. 

LGBTI travellers  

The official currency of the Republic of Cyprus is the euro.

The principal currency in the north is the Turkish lira, although you can use euros in many businesses.

The Republic of Cyprus, in the south, doesn't accept the Turkish lira.

Declare amounts over 10,000 euros or equivalent if you're travelling between Cyprus and any non-European Union (EU) country. This covers all forms of currency, not only cash.

You don't need to declare it if you're travelling to or from another EU country.

Officials will fine you if you don't declare it or declare the wrong amount when entering or leaving Cyprus.

ATMs are widely available in tourist locations. You can use major credit cards in most places.

Local travel

Local restrictions

Stay up-to-date with the latest COVID-19 measures and restrictions by visiting the  Cyprus Government website  and the  Cyprus Tourism site . 

For questions about the protocols and guidelines, email  [email protected]

The  Australian International COVID-19 Vaccination Certificate (ICVC)   is accepted in printed format, along with a photo ID. Australians who are dual nationals or those with Cypriot residency status may convert their Australian certificate into a Cyprus Safe Pass. More information is available in  Issuance of the EU Digital COVID Certificate  [PDF 13KB].

Some businesses and venues may request the use of ace masks as a condition of entry.

• Travel Safely to Cyprus
• official government announcements relating to COVID-19 . 

Travel in the north

Turkish-Cypriot authorities in the north issue residence permits, identity cards and other documents. The Republic of Cyprus and other countries may not recognise these documents.

Use your Australian passport for all travel into or out of Cyprus and Turkiye.

Turkiye does not accept 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus' ID cards as entry or travel documents.

Travelling to or from the north

You can cross into the north if you arrive through legal ports of entry in the south.

If you're travelling from the south to the north of Cyprus (into the areas not controlled by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus), you should avoid the Pergamos (aka Pyla, Beyarmudu and Dheklyia) and Strovilia (aka Akyar) Crossing Points, as they're part of the United Kingdom's Sovereign Base Areas, and have different entry and exit conditions on who can use their crossing points under international law.

Non-EU nationals (including Australians) aren't permitted to cross from the north to the south at these crossing points, even if you hold a valid visa for the Republic of Cyprus.

Use a different crossing point, such as Dherynia (aka Famagusta and Gazimugusa), to avoid any issues.

You'll need to show your passport to officials when entering and leaving the north – your passport will be recorded at both checkpoints. 

You can take private vehicles or hire cars through checkpoints from the south to the north. However, you can't take cars that have been hired in the north through the checkpoints into the south. No cars can cross at the Ledra Street and Ledra Palace crossings.

You must be able to show your current car insurance when crossing north or south. Check your car insurance to ensure you have coverage for the area you want to drive through. Car hire companies offer insurance but be aware that their insurance may only cover you in the north or the south. There are usually insurance companies close to the crossing points, able to sell you a short-term policy.

If you plan to travel to other regional destinations, read the travel advice for these countries. Some countries may refuse entry if your passport or luggage contains evidence you entered Cyprus through any air or sea port in the non-government-controlled north.

Staying in the north

The Republic of Cyprus authorities have deemed some accommodations in the north illegal. The Republic of Cyprus has warned visitors about staying in this accommodation, and it may put you at risk of legal action on the part of the owners.

• Cypriot Government memorandum 

Carrying goods between the north and south

You may need to present your goods for inspection when you cross between the north and south.

Strict controls apply to items bought in the north, including:

• imitation or pirated brand-name products

Republic of Cyprus police or customs authorities may confiscate these items. They may also fine you.

Customs officials in the north enforce a limit on the purchase of goods in the south.

Both sides enforce quarantine rules on food.

• Cyprus Ministry of Finance  (Customs & Excise Department)

Driving permit

You can only use your Australian driver's licence for 6 months from your date of arrival. 

You'll need to obtain a local driving licence to continue to drive after 6 months. To get a local licence, refer to the  Road Transport Department .

The minimum age for driving is 18 years.

Road travel

Road accidents are a major risk.

Most roads are of a good standard, but some secondary and mountain roads are poorly maintained.

Driving practices can be poor. Drivers often:

• ignore international driving norms
• use mobile phones while driving
• disobey traffic signals
• fail to use indicators
• ignore speed limits

Be careful crossing roads, as traffic may not follow signals.

Be aware of quad bikes on roads. 

The UN and military restricts access to roads in the UN Buffer Zone. Parts of this zone have landmines.

If you plan to drive:

• only hire cars from reputable companies
• make sure you've got the right licence for the vehicle you plan to drive
• check your insurance covers you in the north and the south
• Driving or riding

Motorcycles

Check with your insurer if your policy covers you using a motorbike, quad bike, dune buggy or similar vehicle.

Many serious injuries and deaths from quad-bike accidents happen each year, particularly in tourist areas. Follow directions on where you can and can't ride quad bikes or similar vehicles.

Always wear a helmet.

Use only authorised taxi and limousine services. Arrange them through your hotel, if possible, or through apps such as Bolt.

Unofficial taxis may overcharge.

Public transport

Bus and coach services operate throughout Cyprus.

Theft can occur on public transport. Take care of your belongings.

• Transport and getting around safely

Before taking a ferry or other boat, make sure it has the right safety gear. Many international cruise lines stopover in Cyprus.

• Going on a cruise
• Travelling by boat

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check  Cyprus' air safety profile  with the Aviation Safety Network.

Emergencies

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Emergency operators may not speak English.

Consular contacts

Read the Consular Services Charter for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

Australian High Commission, Nicosia

7th Floor, Block A Alpha Business Centre 27 Pindarou Street 1060 Nicosia, Cyprus

Phone: (+357) 2229 7555 Fax: (+357) 2276 6486 Email: [email protected] Website: cyprus.highcommission.gov.au Facebook: Australia in Cyprus Twitter: @AusHCCyprus

Check the High Commission website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia

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Travel Advisory July 26, 2023

Cyprus - level 1: exercise normal precautions.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise normal precautions in Cyprus. Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel Advisory.

Country Summary: Do not attempt to enter the United Nations buffer zone at any place other than a designated crossing point. Police and UN forces strictly enforce this restriction.

Read the  country information page for additional information on travel to Cyprus.

If you decide to travel to Cyprus:

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on Facebook and Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report  for Cyprus.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest Travel Health Information Travel Health Information related to your travel.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

UN Buffer Zone:  Since 1974, the southern part of Cyprus has been under the control of the government of the Republic of Cyprus. The northern part of Cyprus, administered by Turkish Cypriots, proclaimed itself the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” (“TRNC”) in 1983. The United States does not recognize the “TRNC,” nor does any country other than Turkey. A buffer zone patrolled by the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, separates the two sides. For U.S. citizen travelers:

• Enter and exit the Republic of Cyprus ONLY  at Larnaca and Paphos airports and at the seaports of Limassol, Larnaca, and Paphos. The Republic of Cyprus  does not consider  entry at Ercan Airport in the north to be a “legal” entrance into Cyprus.
• You  cannot receive a residency permit  from the Republic of Cyprus to reside in the area north of the UN buffer zone.

Embassy Messages

View Alerts and Messages Archive

Quick Facts

Six months remaining validity recommended

Two pages for entry stamp

Not required for stays under 90 days

Embassies and Consulates

U.s. embassy nicosia.

Metochiou & Ploutarchou Street 2407, Engomi Nicosia, Cyprus Telephone: +(357) 22-393939 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(357) 22-393939; wait for the recorded message then dial 0 Fax: +(357) 22-266640 Email:  [email protected]

Destination Description

Learn about the U.S. relationship to countries around the world.

Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

Visit the Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus website for the most current visa information.

Traveling Through Europe: The republic of Cyprus is a member of the European Union but is not a party to the Schengen Agreement. However, if you are planning to visit or travel through European countries, you should be familiar with the requirements of the Schengen Agreement.

• Your passport should be valid for at least three months beyond the period of stay if you plan on transiting a Schengen country. Review our U.S. Travelers in Europe page .
• You will need s ufficient proof of funds and a return plane ticket .
• You may enter the Republic of Cyprus for up to 90 days for tourism or business purposes without a visa . For stays longer than 90 days, you will need a temporary residency visa.

Since 1974, the southern part of Cyprus has been under the control of the government of the Republic of Cyprus. The northern part of Cyprus, administered by Turkish Cypriots, proclaimed itself the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” (“TRNC”) in 1983. The United States does not recognize the “TRNC,” nor does any country other than Turkey. A buffer zone patrolled by the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus separates the two sides. For U.S. citizen travelers:

• Enter and exit the Republic of Cyprus ONLY at Larnaca and Paphos airports and at the seaports of Limassol, Larnaca, and Paphos. The Republic of Cyprus does not consider entry at Ercan Airport in the north to be a “legal” entrance into Cyprus.
• You cannot receive a residency permit from the Republic of Cyprus to reside in the area north of the UN buffer zone.
• You can cross the buffer zone and enter the Turkish Cypriot-administered area by showing a valid U.S. passport at one of the recognized checkpoints. You can stay in the Turkish Cypriot-administered area for less than 90 days. The Republic of Cyprus does not recognize residence permits issued by Turkish Cypriots. If you stay in the Turkish Cypriot-administered area for over 90 days, you may be detained by Republic of Cyprus immigration or police, or denied entry into the government-controlled part of the island.

Some HIV/AIDS entry restrictions exist for visitors to and foreign residents of the Republic of Cyprus. There are no restrictions for short-term tourist stays and no HIV testing on entry. Authorities will not grant a residence permit for work or study to a U.S. citizen who tests positive for HIV. 

Find information on dual nationality , prevention of international child abduction , and customs regulations on our websites.

Safety and Security

U.N. Buffer Zone:

• Do not, under any circumstances, attempt to enter the United Nations buffer zone at any place other than a designated crossing point.
• Never photograph military installations or anything that could be perceived as being of a security interest. Pay particular attention to areas marked with “no photography” signs. Police on both sides of the island strictly enforce these restrictions .

Terrorism: Credible information indicates terrorist groups continue plotting possible near-term attacks in Europe. All European countries remain potentially vulnerable to attacks from transnational terrorist organizations. Terrorist groups, including their associates, and those inspired by such organizations, are intent on attacking U.S. citizens abroad. Terrorists are increasingly using less sophisticated methods of attack -- including edged weapons, pistols, and vehicles – to more effectively target crowds. Frequently, their aim is unprotected or vulnerable targets, such as:

• High-profile public events (sporting contests, political rallies, demonstrations, holiday events, celebratory gatherings, etc.)
• Hotels, clubs, and restaurants frequented by tourists
• Places of worship
• Shopping malls and markets
• Public transportation systems (including subways, buses, trains, and scheduled commercial flights)

For more information, see our Terrorism page.

Crime: Cyprus generally has low crime rates.

• Be alert and always aware of your surroundings and of your personal belongings. Criminals often target those who are distracted, alone in an isolated area, or impaired.
• Do not leave any valuables unattended or out in public view.
• Avoid so-called “night clubs” (topless bars), as they reportedly employ women trafficked to Cyprus for sexual exploitation. Night clubs have presented foreign patrons with grossly-inflated bar tabs, threatening customers who refuse to pay.
• Claims that make it appear you are helping a loved one or a friend who has been injured or is in trouble
• Online dating/social networking services
• Inheritance notices
• Work permits/job offers
• Bank overpayments

See the  Department of State  and the  FBI  pages for information on scams.

Victims of Crime:

U.S. citizen victims of sexual assault are encouraged to contact the U.S. Embassy for assistance.

Report crimes to the local police by dialing 112 and contact the U.S. Embassy by dialing 22-393939 . Remember that local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes.

See our webpage on help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

• Help you find appropriate medical care
• Assist you in reporting a crime to the police
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• Provide general information regarding the victim’s role during the local investigation and following its conclusion.
• Provide a list of local attorneys
• Provide our information on victim’s compensation programs in the United States
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution
• Help you find accommodation and arrange flights home.
• Replace a stolen or lost passport

For further information:

• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program ( STEP ) to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency. 
• Call us in Washington at 1-888-407-4747 toll-free in the United States and Canada or 1-202-501-4444 from other countries from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the State Department's travel website for the Worldwide Caution , Travel Advisories , and Alerts.
• Follow us on  Twitter  and Facebook . 
• See traveling safely abroad for useful travel tips.

Tourism:  The tourism industry is generally regulated and rules with regard to best practices and safety inspections are regularly enforced. Hazardous areas/activities are identified with appropriate signage and professional staff is typically on hand in support of organized activities. In the event of an injury, appropriate medical treatment is widely available throughout the country. Outside of a major metropolitan center, it may take more time for first responders and medical professionals to stabilize a patient and provide life-saving assistance. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance . 

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties: You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. Individuals establishing a business or practicing a profession that requires additional permits or licensing should seek information from the competent local authorities, prior to practicing or operating a business. Possession of a U.S. passport will not prevent you from being detained, prosecuted, or imprisoned.

Furthermore, some crimes are also prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on crimes against minors abroad and the Department of Justice website.

Arrest Notification: If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately. See our webpage for further information.

Faith-Based Travelers: See our following webpages for details:

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report – see country reports
• Human Rights Report – see country reports
• Hajj Fact Sheet for Travelers
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

Travel in the Area Administered by Turkish Cypriots:

• See Entry, Exit, and Visa Requirements above.
• The Embassy’s ability to provide assistance to you in this area is limited.
• Immigration officials at Larnaca Airport have occasionally turned around non-EU citizens who announce their intention to stay in hotels or villas determined by the Republic of Cyprus to be on land belonging to displaced Greek Cypriots. For more information on this issue and a full list of such properties, visit the webpage of the Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in the United States.
• Car insurance purchased in the government-controlled area is not valid in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots. If you travel north of the UN buffer zone, you must have separate car insurance that can be purchased at the crossing points.

LGBTI Travelers: There are no legal restrictions on same-sex sexual relations or the organization of LGBTI events in the Republic of Cyprus or in the area administered by the Turkish Cypriots. Despite broad legal protections, LGBTI individuals sometimes face societal discrimination and few are open about their sexual orientation or gender identity. Although public attitudes tend to be socially conservative in Cyprus, the U.S. Embassy has not received reports of violence against LGBTI travelers.

See our LGBTI travel information page and section six of our Human Rights Report for further details.

Travelers Who Require Accessibility Assistance:

• The People with Disabilities Law mandates that public buildings and tourist facilities built after 1999 be accessible to all.
• Older buildings frequently lack access for persons with disabilities.
• Narrow or nonexistent sidewalks and lack of transport, parking spaces, accessible toilets, and elevators all pose problems for persons with disabilities.
• Republic of Cyprus law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, or in the provision of other state services.
• For information on accessible travel in Cyprus, visit the Accessible Cyprus page of the Cyprus tourist office website.

Students: See our students abroad page and FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers: See our travel tips for women travelers .

We do not pay medical bills, and U.S. Medicare does not pay overseas claims.

Medical Insurance: Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage overseas . Most care providers overseas only accept cash payments . See our webpage for more information on insurance coverage overseas.

We strongly recommend obtaining supplemental insurance for medical evacuation.

If traveling with prescription medication , check with the Republic of Cyprus to ensure the medication is legal in Cyprus. Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging with your doctor’s prescription. You should similarly confirm with authorities in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots to ensure any medication you are carrying will not present problems. The police there can be contacted at 00903922283411 and the “Drug and Pharmacy Office” at 00903922284156 or 00903922284001.

Be aware that the dry air on the island may aggravate respiratory ailments and allergies .

Vaccinations: Be up-to-date on all vaccinations recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety: While in Cyprus, you may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the United States, though modern motorways link the major cities.

• Traffic moves on the left side of the road – the opposite direction most U.S. citizens are used to. Pedestrians should be extra careful and look both ways before crossing roads.
• Secondary roads, especially in mountainous areas, tend to be narrow and winding, and not as well maintained as major highways.
• Speeding, tailgating, overtaking, and the running of caution lights, though illegal, are common and are major causes of accidents.
• Road safety conditions in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots are similar to conditions in the south, except that the road network is less developed.
• Insurance purchased in the government-controlled area is not valid in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots , but insurance for that area may be purchased at the UN buffer zone checkpoints.

Traffic Laws:

• Traffic laws, signs, and speed limits are consistent with the standards used throughout Europe.
• The use of seat belts (in front seats) and child car seats is mandatory .
• The use of cellular phones while driving is prohibited unless used with some form of hands-free kit.
• Motorcyclists are required to wear helmets .
• You must have liability insurance .

Public Transportation: There are few public buses and no rail lines in Cyprus. Taxis are widely available.

See our road safety page for more information, as well as the website of Cyprus’ national tourist office .

Aviation Safety Oversight: As there is no direct commercial air service to the United States by carriers registered in Cyprus, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed the Republic of Cyprus’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards. Further information may be found on the FAA’s safety assessment page .

Maritime Travel: Mariners planning to travel to Cyprus should also check for U.S. maritime advisories and alerts . Information may also be posted to the U.S. Coast Guard homeport website , and the NGA broadcast warnings .

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

Review information about International Parental Child Abduction in Cyprus .  For additional IPCA-related information, please see the  International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA )  report.

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Check passport expiration dates carefully for all travelers! Children’s passports are issued for 5 years, adult passports for 10 years.

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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

Cyprus travel advice

Latest updates: The Health section was updated - travel health information (Public Health Agency of Canada)

Last updated: May 6, 2024 10:24 ET

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Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, cyprus - take normal security precautions.

Take normal security precautions in Cyprus

Northern Cyprus - Exercise a high degree of caution

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Political situation

Since 1974, Cyprus has been divided de facto into a northern and a southern part.

The Government of the Republic of Cyprus, the only internationally recognized authority, controls the Greek Cypriot southern part of the island.

An autonomous Turkish Cypriot administration controls the northern area. Canada does not recognize the so-called “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” or its administration. It is illegal to enter the island of Cyprus through the so-called “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus”. If you conduct certain activities in the northern part, you may subject to scrutiny and face legal issues in the Greek Cypriot southern part of the island.

If you travel to the northern part:

• exercise a high degree of caution
• only enter through legal and designated crossing points
• be aware of laws and restrictions that may lead to legal issues

UN Buffer zone or “green line”

The northern and the southern parts are divided by a buffer zone or “green line”, which is controlled by the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). There is a military presence on both sides of the buffer zone and certain areas are mined.

You must request an authorization from the UNFICYP to enter the buffer zone, except for the areas designated as “civil use areas”. Crossing in both directions is only allowed at designated crossing points.

Incidents in the vicinity of the buffer zone do occur. While the situation is generally calm, confrontations can’t be ruled out.

About the buffer zone - United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)

Petty crime such as pickpocketing and purse snatching occurs, particularly in urban areas.

Ensure that your belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, are secure at all times.

Credit card and ATM fraud occurs.

When using debit or credit cards:

• pay careful attention when your cards are being handled by others
• use ATMs located in public areas or inside a bank or business
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

Overseas fraud

Spiked food and drinks

Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.

There is a threat of terrorism in Europe. Terrorists have carried out attacks in several European cities. Terrorist attacks could occur at any time.

Targets could include:

• government buildings, including schools
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks
• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places.

Demonstrations

Demonstrations and strikes take place regularly. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Water activities

Coastal waters can be dangerous. Always obey warning flags at beaches.

The main warning flags used in Cyprus are:

• Green: calm waters, swimming is allowed
• Yellow: agitated waters, swim with precautions
• Red: dangerous waters or presence of dangerous aquatic species, swimming is prohibited

In marine areas, coral, jellyfish and other aquatic life found along reefs can poison, sting or cause infection if touched or stepped on.

• Ask local authorities about the presence of dangerous species and immediately seek medical assistance if you get hurt
• Avoid visiting beaches or coastal areas during periods of severe weather warnings
• Look out for signs warning of cliff erosion and falling rocks
• Don’t dive into unknown waters, as hidden rocks or shallow depths can cause serious injury or death
• Exercise caution and follow the advice of the local authorities

Recreational boating

If you are planning to go boating:

• know the capacity of your boat (people and weight) and don’t exceed it
• know the navigation rules
• follow safe practices for all activities on the water: personal watercraft, water-skiing and towed devices, diving or swimming, fishing, etc.
• equip your boat with a VHF marine radio that will generate your position in case of emergency
• be prepared for emergencies

Water safety abroad

Road safety

Road conditions and road safety can vary greatly throughout the country.

Modern highways link the major cities. Traffic is usually highly congested in Nicosia. Rural and mountain roads could be narrow, winding and poorly maintained.

Running red lights, speeding and tailgating are common causes of accidents.

Sidewalks are narrow or non-existent. As a result, pedestrians often walk on roadways, which poses a major safety hazard. Drivers and speeding motorbikes do not always yield to pedestrians.

Public transportation

There are public buses connecting most areas of the island.

Routes and timetables - Cyprus Public Transport

Taxis are generally safe.

• Use only officially marked taxis
• Negotiate fares in advance, or insist that the driver use the meter, as you may be overcharged

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Cypriot authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

Entry to Cyprus

It is illegal to enter the island of Cyprus through the so-called “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus”.

Authorities may not let you go through checkpoints at the United Nations Buffer Zone if you have previously entered through Ercan International Airport or the Port of Famagusta.

Crossing the UN buffer zone or “green line”

If you need to cross the UN buffer zone or “green line”, make sure you do so at one of the designated crossing points. It is illegal to do so elsewhere.

• East: Pergamos, Strovilia, Deryneia
• Nicosia: Agios Dhometios, Ledra Palace (for pedestrians only), Ledra Street (for pedestrians only)
• West: Lefka-Apliki Kato, Kato Pyrgos-Karavostasi, Astromeritis-Zodhia

Green line regulations - Customs and Excise department of the Republic of Cyprus

British sovereign base areas

There are two sovereign British military bases on the island of Cyprus, one in Akrotiri and the other in Dhekelia. These bases are under British jurisdiction. Entry of civilians is restricted in certain areas.

Be aware of entry restrictions if travelling in the vicinity of the base areas.

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave from Cyprus.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Tourist visa: not required for stays up to 90 days Business visa: not required for stays up to 90 days Student visa: required

If you plan on residing in Cyprus, make sure you apply for the right visa or residency permit.

Visas or residency permits issued by the so-called “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” are not recognized by the Republic of Cyprus.

• Visa information - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus
• Temporary residence permits - Civil Registry and Migration department of the Republic of Cyprus

Other entry requirements

Customs officials may ask you to show them a return or onward ticket and proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay.

Exit permit

If you’re aged 16 or over and a dual citizen or eligible for Cypriot citizenship, you may require an exit permit to leave Cyprus.

Contact the Ministry of Defence of Cyprus to obtain more information on this process.

Exit permits - Ministry of Defence of the Republic of the Republic of Cyprus

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children .

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Yellow fever is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of vaccination is not required to enter this country.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is not recommended.

* It is important to note that country entry requirements may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest diplomatic or consular office of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada

There is a risk of hepatitis A in this destination. It is a disease of the liver. People can get hepatitis A if they ingest contaminated food or water, eat foods prepared by an infectious person, or if they have close physical contact (such as oral-anal sex) with an infectious person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.

Practise  safe food and water precautions and wash your hands often. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas where hepatitis A is present.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

In this destination, rabies  may be present in some wildlife species, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. 

If you are bitten or scratched by an animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. 

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who will be working directly with wildlife. 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Typhoid   is a bacterial infection spread by contaminated food or water. Risk is higher among children, travellers going to rural areas, travellers visiting friends and relatives or those travelling for a long period of time.

Travellers visiting regions with a risk of typhoid, especially those exposed to places with poor sanitation, should speak to a health care professional about vaccination.  

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medical services and facilities

Health care is excellent. Service is available throughout the country and offered at government hospitals and private clinics. Upfront payment may be required.

Medical services in the northern part of Cyprus can be more basic than those available in the southern part of Cyprus. In the event of a serious accident or illness, medical evacuation may be necessary.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Travel health and safety

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Transfer to a Canadian prison

Canada and Cyprus are signatories to the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons. This enables a Canadian imprisoned in Cyprus to request a transfer to a Canadian prison to complete a sentence. The transfer requires the agreement of both Canadian and Cyprus authorities.

This process can take a long time, and there is no guarantee that the transfer will be approved by either or both sides.

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences or heavy fines.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Photography

There are restrictions on photographing:

• military installations in both the north and south
• military personnel
• UN buffer zone

English-language signs are generally posted in sensitive areas advising of the restrictions.

• Refrain from photographing military installations or personnel even if no signs are posted
• Comply with all requests from local authorities

The Republic of Cyprus enforces restrictions and prohibition on the importation of certain items proceeding from the so-called “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus”.

Confirm these regulations before crossing the UN buffer zone or “green line”.

Good subject to restrictions - Customs and Excise Department of the Republic of Cyprus

Real Estate

If you plan on purchasing or renting a property in the so-called “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus”, make sure you seek legal advice before committing to any transaction. Transactions may be illegal under the laws of the Republic of Cyprus since most of the properties belong to owners displaced in 1974 by Turkish military occupation.

If you illegally rent or purchase one of these properties, you may face civil lawsuits from the legitimate owners and legal issues in the Republic of Cyprus.

You should also avoid entering the Republic of Cyprus with advertisements or brochures promoting these properties. They could be used as evidence in a lawsuit.

Accommodations in the northern part

If you stay in a hotel or any other type of commercial accommodations in the so-called “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus”, you could face legal issues if the building or land lawfully belongs to owners displaced in 1974 by Turkish military occupation.

Seek accommodation in establishments lawfully owned by Turkish Cypriots.

Ownership status of hotels and other accommodation facilities - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Cyprus.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Cyprus, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

Travellers with dual citizenship

Compulsory military service

Canadians with dual citizenship or who are eligible for Cypriot citizenship may be subject to compulsory military service and other national obligations.

Confirm this requirement before travelling to Cyprus.

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and Cyprus.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Cyprus, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the Cypriot court.

If you are in this situation:

• act as quickly as you can
• contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Cyprus to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country’s judicial affairs.

• List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention
• International Child Abduction: A Guidebook for Left-Behind Parents
• Travelling with children
• The Hague Convention - Hague Conference on Private International Law
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Emergency Watch and Response Centre

You must be at least 18 years old to drive a vehicle in Cyprus.

You can use your valid Canadian driver’s licence for up to 6 months. You should carry an international driving permit.

Traffic drives on the left.

Liability insurance is mandatory. Vehicle insurance purchased in the Republic of Cyprus is not valid in the so-called “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus”. You must have a separate insurance policy when driving in the northern part, including when driving rental cars.

• Driving in Cyprus - European Commission
• International Driving Permit

The currency of the Republic of Cyprus is the euro (EUR). The Turkish lira (TRY) is in circulation in the so-called “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus”.

If you are carrying €10,000 or more, or the equivalent in other currencies, you must make a declaration to customs when you enter or leave the European Union. It includes sums in:

• banknotes and coins
• bearer negotiable instruments such as cheques, travellers’ cheques, promissory notes and money orders
• bonds, shares
• gold coins with a gold content of at least 90 %
• gold bars, nuggets or clumps with a gold content of at least 99.5 %
• any other convertible asset

This does not apply if you are travelling within the European Union or in transit to a non-EU country.

EU cash controls - European Commission

Earthquakes

Cyprus is located in an active seismic zone. Earthquakes occur regularly.

Earthquakes - What to Do?

Forest and maquis fires

Forest and maquis fires may occur, particularly during the summer.

The air quality in areas near active fires may deteriorate due to heavy smoke.

In case of a major fire:

• stay away from affected areas, particularly if you suffer from respiratory ailments
• follow the advice of local authorities
• monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation

Fire safety guide - Department of Forests of the Republic of Cyprus

Heavy rains and seasonal storms can cause severe flooding and landslides. Roads may become impassable and infrastructure damaged.

• Stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
• Follow the advice of local authorities, including evacuation orders

Weather forecasts and alerts - Department of Meteorology of the Republic of Cyprus

Local services

Dial 112 for emergency assistance.

For police or emergency roadside assistance, dial:

• 199 in the Republic of Cyprus
• 155 in the so-called “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus”

Consular assistance

For emergency consular assistance, call the Consulate of Canada in Nicosia or the Embassy of Canada to Greece, in Athens, and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

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Entry requirements

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Passports and Visas

Admission and Transit Restrictions Entry regulations apply only to the areas controlled by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. A passport is required by all travellers, except for holders of: - Laissez-Passer issued by the United Nations. - Document issued to stateless persons and recognised refugees. Further to the above, citizens of the European Union (EU) countries, as well as of Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway may enter Cyprus with their national identity card, provided there is a photograph. The Government of the Republic of Cyprus refuses admission to: Holders of ‘passports’ issued illegally by the secessionist entity, the so-called ‘Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus’ (TRNC). Visas A list of countries requiring a Visa to enter Cyprus can be found on the webpage:  www.mfa.gov.cy .  the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the Ministry in charge of consular and entry requirement matters. Work Visas For those intending to be employed in Cyprus, the issue of an employment permit by the Civil Archive and Migration Office is required, and thereby no visa is required in order to travel to Cyprus. For detailed information on Visa Application Procedure and Documents Required please contact:

• The Official Portal of Cyprus Tourism
• Professionals

Deputy Ministry of Tourism

E: [email protected]

T: (+357) 22691100

F: (+357) 22331644     (+357) 22334696

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Although the bulk of foreign visitors to Cyprus arrive on package tours , you can find competitive deals by arranging your own flights and accommodation. The republic has two international airports ( Larnaka and Pafos ), and there are frequent direct flights to both these airports from London, Manchester and numerous regional airports in the UK. Other major hubs for Cyprus include Athens, Amsterdam and Brussels. Turkish-occupied north Cyprus (the “TRNC”) has one international airport at Ercan to which there are no direct flights other than through Turkey. A ferry service also links Turkey with north Cyprus.

Flights from the UK and Ireland

Flights from the us and canada, flights from australia, new zealand and south africa, agents and tour operators, the north/south divide and the “trnc”, travel to north cyprus.

Since Cyprus is a smallish island, and has an excellent motorway system joining all the main towns and holiday areas, price can be as much of a factor as transfer times in choosing your airport. However, Larnaka is the biggest and busiest, and therefore offers the widest choice of flights and arrival times and links with the rest of the island.

There are no direct flights to Cyprus from the US, Canada, South Africa, Australia or New Zealand, so journeys involve at least one change of plane, often in London, Athens or Dubai.

Many British airports offer flights to Larnaka, Pafos or both, though some are restricted to the summer months. Flight times to Cyprus from London are usually around 4hr 30min. Flights from Ireland require at least one, and often two, stops, and therefore take the best part of a day. Add another 40min for flights to Ercan in north Cyprus which must touch down in Turkey first. Fares can vary enormously, coming in as low as £150 return during low season, but soaring in summer to £300 or more, though with an average of £250–300. Prices can also jump during the Greek Orthodox Easter (not always the same as the Western European Easter) as expats flood home for this most important of festivals.

To Larnaca and Pafos

British airways.

London Heathrow and Manchester to Larnaka (and Pafos in the summer).

Larnaka from London Gatwick and Pafos from London Gatwick, Luton, Manchester, Bristol and Edinburgh.

First Choice Airways

Pafos from Gatwick, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, Doncaster (all year). Larnaka from Bristol, Gatwick, Manchester, Newcastle (April–Oct).

Flights to Larnaka and Pafos from East Midlands, Manchester, Leeds Bradford, Newcastle, Glasgow, and from Edinburgh to Pafos.

Monarch Airlines

Larnaka (from Birmingham, Leeds Bradford, Luton and Gatwick) and Pafos (from Birmingham and Gatwick).

Pafos from Stansted.

Thomas Cook Airlines

Larnaka and Pafos from London Gatwick and most regional airports: Aberdeen, Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, East Midlands, Glasgow, Leeds/Bradford, Manchester and Newcastle.

To Larnaka and Pafos from London Gatwick and Stansted plus many UK regional airports: Aberdeen, Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Doncaster, East Midlands, Exeter, Glasgow, Leeds/Bradford, Manchester and Newcastle. Also from Dublin.

To Ercan (North Cyprus)

Atlas global.

Luton to Ercan via Istanbul.

Gatwick or Stansted to Ercan via Istanbul.

Turkish Airlines

Ercan via Istanbul from London Gatwick and Heathrow plus Manchester, Birmingham and Edinburgh.

There are no direct flights from the US and Canada to Cyprus. North American visitors must therefore travel via London, Athens, or other European hub airports. Numerous airlines offer one- or two-stop flights, and round-trip fares can vary between US$650 and US$3000 from New York and US$1100 to US$3380 from Los Angeles, though the cheapest fares tend to be from the smaller airports – Newark, New Jersey, for example, has fares that start at around US$630. Flights from Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver start at under Can$1180. The best deals from North America to Cyprus seem to be from American Airlines , Delta , Air Canada , Lufthansa and British Airways .

Travelling from Australia, New Zealand or South Africa to Cyprus involves at least one stopover, usually via a Middle Eastern hub such as Dubai. One-stop flights from Australia start at around AUS$1580; from New Zealand NZ$2640. The cheapest route from South Africa is Johannesburg via Dubai with prices starting at ZAR10,300. Emirates , code-sharing with BA and Qantas, appear to offer the most competitive deals.

Since concerns about international terrorism closed its ferry ports back in 2001, the only viable way of visiting the south, unless you have access to an ocean-going yacht, is by air. However, there are several sea routes between the Turkish mainland and north Cyprus, with passenger-only ferries being a lot quicker than car ferries: Mersin–Gazimağusa (Mon, Wed & Fri, with return trips on Tues, Thurs & Sun); Tasucu–Girne (daily); Alanya–Girne (Mon & Thurs).

Flight agents

North south travel.

Worldwide specialists in independent travel; also student IDs, travel insurance, car rental, rail passes, and more. Good discounts for students and under-26s.

Ireland’s main student and youth travel specialists.

Cyprus specialists

Amathus holidays.

Hotel packages for all the main resorts, including Lakki, Polis and Pissouri.

Cyplon Holidays

Wide choice of resort packages across the south.

Cyprus Active

Range of activities – walking, cycling, horseriding, paragliding, scuba diving, cooking.

Cyprus Direct

North Cyprus specialist offering flights to Ercan and hotels located mainly but not exclusively in the Girne area.

Cyprus Villages

Offers not only traditional accommodation, but also activity-based holidays, including cycling, walking and yoga.

Sun Island Tours

Australian-based company specializing in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean holidays including packages to the most popular Cypriot holiday areas.

The premier tour operator for Cyprus, offering mainly self-catering villa and agrotourism holidays.

After its occupation by the Turkish army, the north declared itself to be the “Turkish Federated State of Cyprus” before unilaterally declaring independence in 1983 as the “Turkish Republic of North Cyprus”. This title has no international validity, and is strongly resented by the Republic of Cyprus, the only legitimate government of the whole island. For ease of reference we have largely referred to the TRNC as “the north” and the rest of the island, that controlled by the republic government, as “the south”. Where the title TRNC is used it is for convenience, and implies no endorsement of the Turkish occupation.

The Cypriot government issues dire warnings about using the north’s Ercan airport in terms both of safety and of legal consequences, pointing out that the flights from Turkey breach UN Security Council resolutions. This, however, seems not to worry the increasing number of visitors who travel there. Since the relaxation of controls regarding crossing the Green Line from south to north, Larnaka has become a good base from which to drop into the north. The north is also accessible by sea from the Turkish mainland, with routes to Girne and Gazimağusa.

The Rough Guides to Cyprus and related travel guides

In-depth, easy-to-use travel guides filled with expert advice.

Travel advice for Cyprus

From travel safety to visa requirements, discover the best tips for traveling to Cyprus

• Eating and drinking in Cyprus
• Getting around Cyprus: Transportation Tips
• Sports and Outdoor activities in Cyprus
• Travel Tips Cyprus for planning and on the go
• Culture and Etiquette in Cyprus
• Best time to visit Cyprus

Find even more inspiration here

• Travel Tips

written by Andy Turner

updated 26.04.2021

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Is it safe to travel to Egypt? Latest travel advice

Everything you need to know about travel to Egypt amid rising tensions in the Middle East

Following the outbreak of war in Israel and Gaza, the escalation of tensions between Iran and Israel and the activity of Houthi rebels in the southern Red Sea, some people may be concerned about the safety of travelling to Egypt or other areas in North Africa and the Middle East right now.

Here’s everything you need to know about travel to Egypt, whether it is safe to visit, and your rights if you do decide to cancel your upcoming holiday.

What does the FCDO say about travel to Egypt?

The FCDO warns against travelling to large swathes of Egypt. Egypt’s border with Israel and Gaza sits on the eastern end of the Sinai Peninsula, and the FCDO warned against travel to the entire Egyptian border region of North Sinai before the events of October 7 2023.

Last year the FCDO updated its advice to read: “The FCDO advises against all but essential travel to the northern part of the Governorate of South Sinai, beyond the St Catherine-Nuweiba road, except for the coastal areas along the west and east of the peninsula.”

The FCDO also warns against all but essential travel to the Ismailiyah Governorate east of the Suez Canal, much of the Western Desert, the Hala’ib Triangle and Bir Tawil Trapezoid, and to travel within 20km of the Libyan border. 

Most recently, the FCDO updated its advice to say: “On 13 April 2024 Iran carried out military action against Israel. On 19 April, there have been reports of explosions in Iran, and unconfirmed reports of explosions in Syria and Iraq. Monitor this travel advice and other media as the situation is changing fast. Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.”

On Rafah – Egypt’s border crossing with Gaza – the FCDO advises: “Movement to the Rafah crossing and beyond is at your own risk. You should only travel if you judge it is safe to do so.”

Crucially, for British holidaymakers, the FCDO lists Sharm El-Sheikh, Cairo and Hurghada as “green”, which means there is no advisory against travel to these areas and your travel insurance will be valid if you do visit.

You can see the full Egypt FCDO advice here.

Have Egypt’s resorts been affected by the conflicts with Houthi rebels?

The popular Red Sea resorts in Egypt are more than 1,000 miles away from the Houthi airfields that were subject to the airstrikes by the UK and US militaries in January 2024. By way of comparison, this is around the same distance as from England to Russia. Most of the Houthi attacks on shipping vessels have been in the southern part of the Red Sea, around the Bab al-Mandab Strait, although there have been a small number of incidents in the waters closer to Egypt and Jordan.

Is terrorism a risk in Egypt?

The Foreign Office says: “Terrorists are very likely to try to carry out attacks in Egypt” and lists six recent attacks between 2018 and 2022 which were carried out in Cairo, the Minya Province and near the Suez Canal. The FCDO also warns about political protests, which have occurred more frequently since the outbreak of war in Israel and Gaza.

“In response to events in Israel and the OPTs, a number of demonstrations have taken place in Egypt and protests have been planned, including after Friday prayers. Demonstrations could take place at short notice, with a heavy security presence in place. You should avoid large gatherings, demonstrations and protests. See Safety and security,” the FCDO warns.

Are flights still operating? 

Airlines and tour operators continue to run flights into and out of Egypt. The typical flight path from the UK does not pass through the Middle East, but rather crosses over Italy and across the Mediterranean Sea. 

What if I want to cancel my holiday?

If you have booked a package holiday to Egypt and want to cancel your trip for any reason, contact your tour operator and they might offer flexibility with alternative dates. 

But bear in mind that, because the Foreign Office has not issued any formal advice against travel to the popular holiday resorts in Egypt, there is no guarantee you will receive a refund, nor will you be able to claim money back with your travel insurance company.

If you have booked flights and accommodation independently, and wish to cancel your holiday, contact your travel providers as soon as possible to see if you can rearrange your plans. Note, however, that given the circumstances, it is unlikely you will receive a full refund.

This story was first published in October 2023 and has been revised and updated.

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Malta or Cyprus – which is best for your summer holiday?

T here is much to be said – in these times of inflating prices and geopolitical turbulence – for the steady presence of an old reliable. Europe is nervous, war flickering at its edges. The Middle East is aflame. And reading/watching/hearing the news can feel like an exercise in self-torture, so anxiety-inducing can it be.

In fact, it can all be too much. The sort of noise you need to tune out. And why not? Sometimes, you need to switch off. To close your ears. To seek travel reassurance, holiday certainty – and the guarantee of an untroubled place in the sun.

You should be able to find all these things on two of the Mediterranean’s most popular islands. Neither Malta nor Cyprus would bridle at being described as either “old” or “reliable”. Each has been a crucial crossroads of Europe’s great sea since the mists of time. Each has a well-developed tourist industry, which allows for everything from bargain beach breaks to luxury escapes via getaways steeped in history, scenery and cuisine. Each is well-connected to the UK, via a number of flight routes.

And each snoozes under a bright sky in those precious weeks when school is out, revelling in temperatures creeping into the low 30s. These are countries of an all but identical climate, due to their shared latitude. Both lie at a summer-friendly 35°N.

There are differences, of course. Malta is one of the world’s smallest nations, a dot on the map of just 122 square miles. Cyprus is the third biggest outcrop in the Med (behind only Sicily and Sardinia) – a far larger creature of 3,572 square miles. It is also, uniquely for Europe, a divided island, its north separated from its south by 50 years (and many prior decades) of enmity between its Turkish-Cypriot and Greek-Cypriot populations. This rare situation is of no importance if all you want of a break is a lounger and a tan – but can be of real interest if you wish to wander along one of our continent’s key cultural fault lines.

Malta has no such quasi-iron curtain. You can, simply, skip to the beach. But whichever country you choose (for further details, see  visitcyprus.com and visitmalta.com ), the sun should go with you.

Any reference to Malta as “an island” demands the qualification that, while the main outcrop makes up the bulk of the country, this much-loved travel option is an archipelago. This is no great revelation – northerly satellite Gozo is as well-marked on the holiday atlas as its bigger brother, even if tiny Comino, which sits between the two, is more of a mystery. Together, this close-knit trio make for 155 miles of coastline. Some stretches of seafront are busier than others, notably the north-east coast of Malta itself, where the capital Valletta holds court, and major resort zones such as Sliema, St Julian’s and Bugibba watch the throne. But there are quieter locations too, and if you opt to visit either of the two smaller islets, you will discover that – for the most part – calm and tranquillity reign.

Getting there

Malta International is the country’s only airport. British Airways (0344 493 0787; ba.com ) flies in from Gatwick, easyJet (0330 551 5151; easyjet.com ) from Bristol, Gatwick and Manchester, and national flag-carrier KM Malta Airlines (00356 21 356 000; kmmaltairlines.com ) from Gatwick and Heathrow. Ryanair (01279 358438; ryanair.com ) provides connections from Belfast, Birmingham, Bournemouth, East Midlands, Edinburgh, Liverpool, Luton, Manchester, Norwich and Stansted, while Jet2 (0333 300 0404; jet2.com ) underpins summer on the island with links to Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, East Midlands, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds-Bradford, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle and Stansted.

City streets

Not only is Valletta Europe’s most southerly capital, it is one of its most spectacular cities. It is unashamedly historic in its appearance – forever indebted to the Knights of St John, who piled it high in the 16th century. Its thick harbour walls and grand fortifications give it a visual impregnability, just as the baroque flourishes of Saint John’s Co-Cathedral supply an architectural softness of touch. Though not vast, the city offers much to fill a long weekend, including the underground tunnels of the Lascaris War Rooms ( lascariswarrooms.com ), which dip into a different era: the defence of the island during the Second World War. A three-night stay at the five-star Phoenicia hotel starts at £1,068 per person (with flights), via Kirker Holidays (020 7593 2288; kirkerholidays.com ).

Historical hotspot

Valletta is not Malta’s original capital. That role fell to Mdina, eight miles to the west – initially in the 8th century BC as the Phoenician “Maleth”, later as the Roman “Melite”. Deposed by the Knights in 1530, it has remained, to an extent, frozen in time: home to fewer than 250 residents, (largely) free of cars and scarcely undersold by its nickname “The Silent City”. The 15th-century Palazzo Falson ( palazzofalson.com ), one of several such townhouses that adorn its centre, is among its prime attractions. Activity specialist Civitatis ( civitatis.com ) offers a day-trip to the citadel (plus the dramatic Dingli Cliffs) from £27 per person, picking up from hotels across the island.

Natural beauty

For all its history, Malta shines most serenely in its collision of water and sand. The west coast is a case in point: a holiday oasis where the twin arcs of Golden Bay and Ghajn Tuffieha present a gentle face to the sea. Film fans may recall that the former provided the beach setting for the 2004 sword-and-sandals epic Troy (and may be the only commendable thing about said drab Brad Pitt vehicle). A one-week stay at adjacent four-star the Radisson Blu Resort & Spa Golden Sands, flying from Manchester on July 14, costs from £1,266 per person, with Jet2 Holidays (0800 408 0778; jet2holidays.com ).

The Maltese story winds back even further than the Phoenicians. Pinned to the south-west flank of the main island, Hagar Qim is the most famous of the country’s megalithic temples: blocky limestone structures, possibly used for fertility rites and sun-worship, that may date to as long-vanished an hour as 3600BC. Seven of these sites appear on the Unesco World Heritage list, hailed as “unique architectural masterpieces”. Martin Randall Travel (020 8742 3355; martinrandall.com ) visits four of them (Mnajdra, Tarxien and Ggantija, as well as Hagar Qim) with its seven-day “World Heritage Malta” tour. Next departure October 7-13 – from £3,480 per person (including flights).

Hidden wonder

Set discreetly between the main island and Gozo, Comino accounts for just 1.4 per cent of the Maltese landmass and is less known by tourists – even though its Blue Lagoon, on its west side, is one of the country’s prettiest sights. Its lack of profile is partly an access issue: the main ways across are the ferries that sail from Mgarr on Gozo and Cirkewwa on Malta (see gozocominoferries.com and cominoferries.com ). That said, various private operators offer day-cruises, including Viator (020 3318 0421; viator.com ), which sells an eight-hour sailing up from Sliema (ref: 127394P3) from £26 per person.

If Cyprus is, in some senses, a last hurrah for European beach holidays – squished into the cul-de-sac end of the Mediterranean, with eastern Turkey above it and the different world of the Middle East beyond – it is also a banquet of travel possibilities. The various destinations along its south coast – Paphos, Limassol and Larnaca among them – deal in all the hot-weather down-time you might want of a summer, and if you crave something more cultured, Nicosia is a capital of historical substance and tasty sustenance. The north, by dint of the island’s half-century ligature, is more of a mystery, but if you wish to peer beyond the barricade, outposts such as Kyrenia (known locally as Girne), Famagusta (Gazimagusa) and the remote north-easterly Karpaz Peninsula, will reward your curiosity.

Paphos and Larnaca airports are magnets for British visitors in summer. British Airways flies to both; to Paphos from Heathrow and Gatwick, to Larnaca from Heathrow only. EasyJet also serves both airports, from Bristol, Gatwick and Luton – while also heading to Larnaca from Birmingham, Glasgow and Liverpool, and to Paphos from Edinburgh and Manchester. Jet2 offers Paphos and Larnaca from Birmingham, Bristol, East Midlands, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds-Bradford, Stansted, Manchester and Newcastle – and throws in Belfast and Liverpool flights to Paphos. Tui Airways (020 3451 2716; tui.co.uk ) heads into both airports from Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, East Midlands, Gatwick, Manchester and Newcastle – and offers additional flights to Paphos from Bournemouth, Exeter, Glasgow, Luton, Stansted and Norwich, as well as a Larnaca service from Belfast. Ryanair operates into Paphos alone, from Birmingham, Liverpool, Stansted, Manchester and Newcastle. Wizz Air (0330 977 0444; wizzair.com ) only drops into Larnaca, from Gatwick and Luton.

If Nicosia doesn’t quite have the barbed-wire vibe of Cold War Berlin, it is the most obvious representation of the island’s divided status: the “Green Line” which cuts off the Republic of Northern Cyprus (recognised only by Turkey) from the rest of the country slices across it. But there is plenty to please visitors on the south side of the schism. The Cyprus Museum ( mcw.gov.cy ) has archaeological wonders from the ninth millennium BC onward. For lunch near the “border”, visit To Anamma ( toanamma.com ), a classically Cypriot taverna with outdoor tables and meze platters. 

It sits on Ledra Street, which also has the city’s main crossing into the North. You can walk through with a British passport, to glimpse a Cyprus that exists a decade or two behind the rest of the country. The Selimiye Mosque is, though, glorious, retaining much of the soul of the Cathedral of St Sophia – the building’s original (13th century) identity. A four-night mini-getaway to the five-star Hilton Nicosia – departing from Gatwick on July 13 – costs from £835 per person, through Expedia (020 3024 8211; expedia.co.uk ). 

South-westerly Paphos occupies a special place in Mediterranean mythology. It is, in popular lore, the birthplace of the Greek goddess of love Aphrodite, who rose from the water fully formed, possibly in a giant seashell, in some vague celestial yesteryear. You won’t spot her at Paphos Archaeological Park. You will, on the other hand, see genuine relics of the Greco-Roman city, including a large amphitheatre and a “House of Dionysos” whose mosaics have sustained all their beauty. Better still, the park makes for an easy half-day visit from one of the many hotels in the area. A week’s stay at the five-star Elysium resort, flying directly from Birmingham on July 27, costs from £1,872 per person, with Sovereign Luxury Travel (01293 324 429; sovereign.com ).

Despite the length of its coastline (402 miles), Cyprus is arguably at its most spectacular where it soars far above sea level. Indeed, its central spine, the Troodos Mountains, provides such elevation (its highest peak, Mount Olympus, hits 6,404ft/1,952m) that it is home to four ski resorts. Summer, inevitably, can also be a season for activity. Responsible Travel (01273 823 700; responsibletravel.com ) sells “Cycling in the Troodos Mountains” – a seven-night self-guided holiday which bases itself at Kalopanayiotis, a village at the heart of the range. Participants can mountain-bike on forest trails, or pedal quiet roads up to the likes of the Kykkos Monastery, before sleeping off their efforts at the rustic retreat Casale Panayiotis. From a basic £963 per person (not including flights).

Head to the far west of Cyprus, and you might wander into a “lost” portion of the island. Until as recently as 2000, the Akamas Peninsula was largely used as a military-exercise zone and shooting range. Even now, when it is protected as a national park, there are no paved roads into a spur of land that bears the name of one of the Greek heroes of the Trojan War. With this, the area is a remarkable location for off-beaten-track hiking. Inntravel (01653 617 001; inntravel.co.uk ) makes it a key part of its “Three Faces of Cyprus” tour – holidaymakers spent the first third of this nine-night self-guided walking break on the peninsula. From £1,195 per person, including car hire (flights extra). 

It is tricky to describe Northern Cyprus – the self-declared state that has only existed since 1974 thanks to Turkish muscle – as “hidden”, but it does offer a fair element of wonder, being an old-fashioned version of the island noticeably lacking in some of the tourism development visible in the south. Explore (01252 240698; explore.co.uk ) offers “Walking in Northern Cyprus”, an eight-day escorted affair that spends time in Kyrenia and Famagusta, and flirts with the Karpaz Peninsula, where Kantara Castle, a crumbling Byzantine fortress, guards the water. Fourteen editions of the trip are due to run between now and the end of the year, the first departing on May 4. From £695 per person, flights extra.

This article was first published in July 2022. It has been fully revised and updated with the latest information.

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The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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Out of the Centre

Savvino-storozhevsky monastery and museum.

Zvenigorod's most famous sight is the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, which was founded in 1398 by the monk Savva from the Troitse-Sergieva Lavra, at the invitation and with the support of Prince Yury Dmitrievich of Zvenigorod. Savva was later canonised as St Sabbas (Savva) of Storozhev. The monastery late flourished under the reign of Tsar Alexis, who chose the monastery as his family church and often went on pilgrimage there and made lots of donations to it. Most of the monastery’s buildings date from this time. The monastery is heavily fortified with thick walls and six towers, the most impressive of which is the Krasny Tower which also serves as the eastern entrance. The monastery was closed in 1918 and only reopened in 1995. In 1998 Patriarch Alexius II took part in a service to return the relics of St Sabbas to the monastery. Today the monastery has the status of a stauropegic monastery, which is second in status to a lavra. In addition to being a working monastery, it also holds the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.

Belfry and Neighbouring Churches

Located near the main entrance is the monastery's belfry which is perhaps the calling card of the monastery due to its uniqueness. It was built in the 1650s and the St Sergius of Radonezh’s Church was opened on the middle tier in the mid-17th century, although it was originally dedicated to the Trinity. The belfry's 35-tonne Great Bladgovestny Bell fell in 1941 and was only restored and returned in 2003. Attached to the belfry is a large refectory and the Transfiguration Church, both of which were built on the orders of Tsar Alexis in the 1650s.  

To the left of the belfry is another, smaller, refectory which is attached to the Trinity Gate-Church, which was also constructed in the 1650s on the orders of Tsar Alexis who made it his own family church. The church is elaborately decorated with colourful trims and underneath the archway is a beautiful 19th century fresco.

Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is the oldest building in the monastery and among the oldest buildings in the Moscow Region. It was built between 1404 and 1405 during the lifetime of St Sabbas and using the funds of Prince Yury of Zvenigorod. The white-stone cathedral is a standard four-pillar design with a single golden dome. After the death of St Sabbas he was interred in the cathedral and a new altar dedicated to him was added.

Under the reign of Tsar Alexis the cathedral was decorated with frescoes by Stepan Ryazanets, some of which remain today. Tsar Alexis also presented the cathedral with a five-tier iconostasis, the top row of icons have been preserved.

Tsaritsa's Chambers

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is located between the Tsaritsa's Chambers of the left and the Palace of Tsar Alexis on the right. The Tsaritsa's Chambers were built in the mid-17th century for the wife of Tsar Alexey - Tsaritsa Maria Ilinichna Miloskavskaya. The design of the building is influenced by the ancient Russian architectural style. Is prettier than the Tsar's chambers opposite, being red in colour with elaborately decorated window frames and entrance.

At present the Tsaritsa's Chambers houses the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum. Among its displays is an accurate recreation of the interior of a noble lady's chambers including furniture, decorations and a decorated tiled oven, and an exhibition on the history of Zvenigorod and the monastery.

Palace of Tsar Alexis

The Palace of Tsar Alexis was built in the 1650s and is now one of the best surviving examples of non-religious architecture of that era. It was built especially for Tsar Alexis who often visited the monastery on religious pilgrimages. Its most striking feature is its pretty row of nine chimney spouts which resemble towers.

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Gaza latest: Israel's use of weapons provided by US likely violated international law, report by Biden govt finds

The Biden administration says Israel likely violated international law with US-provided weapons. Earlier, Israel's ambassador to the UN used a paper shredder to shred the UN charter on stage at the UN General Assembly.

Saturday 11 May 2024 04:47, UK

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Firefighters are battling a large blaze in Kiryat Shmona, a city in northern Israel, after 35 rockets were fired by Lebanon's Hezbollah, according to The Times of Israel.

The news site cited the Israel Fire and Rescue Services as saying 10 firefighting teams were at the scene.

Video posted on social media appeared to show the fire on what looked like the side of a hill.

No casualties or injuries have been reported. 

A report by the US government has said that Israel's use of US-provided weapons in Gaza likely violated international humanitarian law.

In the findings of a state department report - known as the national security memorandum - the Biden administration said it has found "reasonable" evidence to conclude that its ally had breached international law.

But it added it was unable to link specific US weapons to individual Israeli strikes. 

The report said: "Given Israel's significant reliance on US-made defence articles, it is reasonable to assess that defence articles have been used by Israeli security forces since 7 October in instances inconsistent with its international humanitarian law obligations or with established best practices for mitigating civilian harm."

It added that while Israel has the knowledge, experience and tools to implement the "best practices for mitigating civilian harm in its military operations" evidence from the ground - including high levels of civilian casualties - raise "substantial questions whether the IDF is using them effectively in all cases".

Turning to the issue of aid getting into Gaza, the US government report said it does not currently assess that the Israeli government is prohibiting or restricting the transport or delivery of aid. 

Crucially, the report stops short of saying that Israel has violated the terms under which it is able to use US weapons to carry out its offensive in Gaza.

By Mark Stone , US correspondent 

A huge majority of the world's nations voted with the Palestinians at the United Nations today.

But who were the nine countries that voted against the Palestinian quest for membership, rights and privileges at the UN, and why?

The current Israeli government is firmly against a Palestinian state in every sense.

Different iterations of Israeli governments over the years have oscillated on 'two states', but after the 7 October Hamas attacks the Israeli position cemented - no two states, no Palestinian state.

Broadly, they do not distinguish between the extremism of Hamas and the moderate nature of other Palestinian political factions like the Fatah-run Palestinian Authority in the West Bank. It's the crux of deadlock.

So who else? 

The United States

They stand behind Israel despite significant tension now between President Joe Biden and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. 

America is committed to a two-state solution but argues that it begins with a ceasefire and that the formation of a Palestinian state comes much further down the line.

Speaking after the vote, White House spokesman John Kirby said: "We continue to believe in the promise of a two-state solution and an independent state for the Palestinian people. 

"That's something that President Biden remains fully and firmly committed to. We also believe that the best way to do that is through direct negotiations with the parties and not through a vote at the UN of this kind, so that's why we voted no."

As always with geopolitics, relationships are so often symbiotic; they are all about mutual benefit even when, ostensibly, the relationship might seem incongruous.

The eastern-European EU member voted with Israel and against the Palestinians.

Don't assume that hard-right Hungarian Prime Minister Orban's hatred of Hungarian-born Jewish-US billionaire George Soros is a reflection of his views on Israel despite the anti-Soros narrative often being seen as antisemitic.

Antisemitism has haunted the right of politics in Hungary since the Second World War when half a million Jewish Hungarians were murdered. Yet Orban and Netanyahu have a close, longstanding relationship.

Israel and Hungary are aligned by mutual interests. 

Orban admires the way Netanyahu's ethos of building strength out of a small nation-state and the two leaders found mutual interest in standing up to liberal democratic headwinds.

Orban's fallout with the EU has aligned with Netanyahu's assessment that Europe is increasingly anti-Israel.

The Soros-hatred also aligns with Netanyahu in that the conspiracy is that Soros is somehow seeking to 'Islamise' Judeo-Christian Europe with his pro-immigration stance.

Argentina's vote is driven by new populist President Javier Milei who has pledged unwavering support for Netanyahu and has vowed to move Argentina's embassy to Jerusalem. 

Milei has said he plans to convert to Judaism.

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic also voted with Israel in line with a strongly pro-Israel stance underlined repeatedly since 7 October.

There is a strong historical bond between Czech leaders and the Zionist movement which helped cement the Jewish State which strengthened after the fall of Communism in 1989. 

As a new democracy, the Czech Republic bonded with a young democracy in Israel. In recent years, economic ties have flourished.

Pacific Island Nations

The rest, curiously maybe, are all Pacific Island nations: Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Nauru and Palau.

The reason for their support is simple: straightforward soft power.

The small developing nations all enjoy generous Israeli aid from the government and from Israeli charities. 

The understanding is that, in return, they will always support Israel at international bodies of which they are members.

Israel insists that its motivation is predominantly humanitarian, but officials are up front to that it's also about positioning Israel in a better light.

Israel uses its considerable expertise in many arenas deftly.

At natural disasters, for example, Israeli rescue crews are often among the first on the ground. 

This targeted soft power diplomacy has helped Israel to secure votes, but also abstentions in its favour among many other nations too.

On this vote though, on Palestine, global opinion was overwhelmingly against Israel.

Israel's entry for Eurovision 2024, Eden Golan, has become one of the favourites among bookies to win this year's contest.

The 20-year-old singer climbed to second favourite from ninth after the semi-final, according to Eurovision World, a website that compiles betting odds from 15 of Europe's biggest bookmakers. 

It said Israel is seen as having a 22% chance of winning, behind Croatia's Baby Lasagna who was seen having a 41% chance.

It comes despite more than 10,000 people gathering in the host Swedish city of Malmo to stage a non-violent protest against Israel's participation in Saturday's final.

While the results of the two semi-finals are decided by viewers, in the final, audience votes will make up only half of the result, while juries of five music professionals in each participating country will make up the other half.

Earlier, the Israeli ambassador to the United Nations appeared on stage at a meeting of the UN General Assembly.

Whilst on stage in New York he shredded "a copy of the UN charter" - which was, in reality, three pieces of paper.

His actions came moments before the 193-member world body approved a resolution, giving Palestine new "rights and privileges" within the agency. 

Watch the full moment below. 

A first of its kind report by the US government is expected to conclude that Israel has not violated the terms of its use of US weapons, according to sources cited by the Associated Press. 

The report - known as the national security memorandum - was pushed by President Joe Biden's Democrats in Congress.

When agreed to back in February, defence and state departments were tasked to conduct "an assessment of any credible reports or allegations that such defence articles and, defence services, have been used in a manner not consistent with international law, including international humanitarian law".

They were also obliged to tell Congress if they thought Israel has acted to "arbitrarily to deny, restrict, or otherwise impede, directly or indirectly," delivery of any US-supported humanitarian aid into Gaza for starving civilians there.

It follows the US pausing a shipment of 3,500 bombs heading for Israel over concern they would be used in an offensive on Rafah.

The conclusions of the memorandum are expected to be sharply critical of Israel, but will not state that Israel violated terms of weapons agreements between the two countries. 

A senior Biden administration official said the full report is expected to be released later today, but declined to comment on its conclusions.

Palestinians in Rafah are still preparing to evacuate the eastern parts of the city amid the threat of an Israeli ground offensive. 

The United Nations estimates around 110,000 Palestinians have already fled in search of safety. 

In the latest pictures from the city, a tent camp where people are currently living is seen. 

In one of the images, people appear to have started to make piles of their belongings as they get ready to evacuate. 

South Africa has asked the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to order additional emergency measures against Israel over its attacks on the city of Rafah, the United Nations top court has said. 

It is part of the ongoing case brought by South Africa in January which accuses Israel of acts of genocide against Palestinians . 

The court - which is located in The Hague in the Netherlands - ordered Israel at the beginning of the year to take all measures within its power to prevent genocide.

South Africa wanted the ICJ to implement provisional measures on Israel which would "immediately suspend military operations in and against Gaza" - but the ICJ stopped short of that.

Any decision to impose provisional measures will be "hugely problematic" for the Israeli offensive, which Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has vowed will continue until all hostages are returned and Hamas is destroyed.

Within the last few hours, the United Nations General Assembly has backed a bid put forward by Palestine for it to become a full agency member.

The vote passed by 143 votes to nine but 25 countries - including the UK - abstained.

In a post on X, the UK at the UN explained why it took the decision to abstain. 

"We are abstaining on this resolution because we believe that the first step towards achieving this goal is resolving the immediate crisis in Gaza," it said.

It said the fastest way to end the conflict is to secure a deal which releases all hostages and allows for a pause in fighting. 

The statement added that the UK remains firmly committed to a two-state solution and recognising a Palestinian state, including in the UN, and should be part of the process to achieving a sustainable ceasefire. 

The US ambassador to the UN Robert Wood gave similar reasons as to why America voted against the bid, saying its vote does not reflect opposition to Palestinian statehood.

"Instead, it is an acknowledgement that statehood will only come from a process that involves direct negotiations between the parties," he said.

What happens next?

For Palestine to become a full UN member, the 15-member UN Security Council will have to vote, and pass, the application.

At the last security council vote in March - which demanded a ceasefire in Gaza during the holy month of Ramadan - the US abstained.

The 14 other council members - including Russia, China and the UK - voted in favour.

For now, it remains unclear if or when the security council will vote on Palestine's membership bid.

Hamas has said it will hold talks with leaders of what it called "Palestinian resistance factions" to reconsider its negotiation strategy. 

It said the discussions need to be held due to Benjamin Netanyahu's behaviour, Israeli attacks on places in Rafah and the occupation of the city's border crossing with Egypt.

"Netanyahu and his government are using the negotiations as a cover to attack Rafah and occupy the crossing, and continue the war of extermination against our people, and they bear full responsibility for obstructing reaching an agreement," the statement said. 

Earlier this week, Hamas said they expressed agreement over a ceasefire deal following a phone call with Qatar's prime minister and Egypt's intelligence minister.

Israel later put an end to this, saying it would not accept the deal in its current form, a decision Hamas said today had brought things "back to square one". 

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