nile river virtual tour

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An Egypt Virtual Tour For Kids

A note to the grown-ups:  This virtual tour is designed for minimal supervision and with a variety of activities depending on child’s interest, not all activities are meant to be completed.  Even if your kids are not reading yet, each section has a graphic to indicate what is about.  Kids can click on the graphic or in activity description for videos.  Non-readers can just skip the reading sections if parents are working or unavailable.  The recipes are ideas for you and your child to make together.  Crafts will likely need supervision.  

Children can keep track of their virtual tours with the Virtual Tours Passport Coloring Book

Post photos of activities to social media using the hashtag #ExploreMoreVirtualTours or tag @exploremorefamilytravel.  Thank you!

مرحبا اهلا بك في مصر

Hello welcome to egypt.

There is so much to love about Egypt. Our Egyptian adventure starts with some facts, then is broken down into twelve sections:  Overview , Books , Podcast , Coloring , Music , Crafts , S.T.E.M. , Animals , Tours , Food , Movement , & Movie . You do not have to do all of the sections, scroll to whatever interests you.

Quick Facts About Egypt

Where is egypt.

Egypt is located in the northeastern corner of Africa.  It is surrounded by the countries of Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, Israel and the Gaza strip to the east.  It is also is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea,.

What Is The Capital Of Egypt?

More About Egypt

• The people of Egypt speak Arabic.
• The Sinai Peninsula in Egypt spans across two continents, Africa and Asia.
• The Nile River is the longest river in the world and flows north through Egypt and, finally, into the Mediterranean Sea. 
• Ancient Egyptians built pyramids were built as tombs for pharaohs (rulers of Ancient Egypt) and their families. 
• Over 130 pyramids still exist in Egypt today.
• The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid. 
•  Cats were sacred animals to the Ancient Egyptians.
• Hieroglyphics were developed by Ancient Egyptians and were one of the first form of writing in the world.
• The Egyptian alphabet contained more than 700 hieroglyphs!   Bonus Link  to learn more about hieroglyphics.

EGYPT ADVENTURE OVERVIEW

National Geographic Kids​

https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/countries/egypt/

Bonus: Nile River Overview

https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/geography/physical-geography/nile-river-facts/

BOOKS & STORIES

The Egyptian Cinderella

We're sailing down the nile, the well of truth, ancient egyptian adventure.

Listen to this ‘Dad and Me Love History’ podcast with special guests, Egyptologist and author Malayna Evans, and her daughter Soren.  This podcast will take you inside the Pyramids and tell you all about tree goddesses, cat lovers and looking good in the afterlife. The special guests reveal that the most famous ‘Egyptian’ of them all isn’t even Egyptian!

https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/19-ancient-egypt-crazy-or-cool/id1346382732?i=1000434318730

Play this Egyptian music in the background while coloring and doing crafts.

This coloring sheet is a color by numbers of an Egyptian princess:  http://coloritbynumbers.com/printables/hard/princesses/princess-of-egypt

And here is a coloring sheet of the Pyramids: https://www.education.com/download/worksheet/80894/color-world-egypt.pdf

My kids love connect the dots activities so I am going to start including one each week in the coloring section.  You can color it after.  This one is of a mommy camel and her baby.   http://www.connectthedots101.com/worksheet_print/id_2791/Camel/baby-camel-sahara-egypt

While you listen to the music, make your own Pharaoh Headdress Printable Craft

You can also make these Egyptian cat mummies with toilet paper or paper towel rolls: Egyptian Cat Mummies

S.T.E.M. ACTIVITY

Mummification STEM Project

Here are instructions for mummifying an apple.  Kind of gross, but also kind of cool.  Get permission from a grown up before doing this one!

https://ourfamilycode.com/learn-the-science-of-mummification-with-apple-mummies/

What's Inside A Camel Hump?

Camels eating cacti, animals along the nile.

Are We There Yet World Adventure - Egypt

Journey down the nile river, kids guide to egypt.

https://www.youvisit.com/tour/shayanna.baron/egyptian

It’s not exactly Egyptian food, but it is based on the ancient Egyptian practice of mummification.  And since Halloween is coming soon,  click here to find out how to make mummy hot dogs!.

About Egyptian Food

Here is an article about food in Egypt .  You probably already eat one of the popular foods at home – hummus is very popular in Egypt!

TIME TO MOVE

Cosmic Kids Yoga

Cosmic Kids Yoga – Alan the Camel

The Prince Of Egypt

If your parents will let you watch a movie about Egypt, The Prince of Egypt is a great choice!

Thank you for visiting Egypt with us today!  Make sure to download the passport coloring book below.  We will add a new page with each virtual tour.  Ask a grown up if you need help.

Download Virtual Tours Passport Coloring Book

Egypt Passport Stamp

Please select fit to paper when printing the single passport stamp.

Want To Keep Exploring?

Click here to do our  Peru Virtual Tour !

FOR THE GROWN-UPS

To make sure you get to take our virtual adventures as they are available, please join our Facebook Group ‘ Explore More Learning Culture At Home ‘

Follow Us On Social Media!

If your kids liked this virtual tour, please pin this and ....

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Events › Virtual Nile River Tour

Virtual nile river tour, description.

Take a tour down the magical and mysterious Nile River! Our cruise begins in the Delta Valley with a stop at the Great Pyramids and the new Grand Egyptian Museum. Then, we make our way down the Nile River with our first stop at the Temple Complex of Karnak, one of the most famous Ancient Egyptian sites. We continue south and visit Esna and Dendera, exploring the unique architecture and stunning color remnants inside the temples.

Archaeological methods and hidden gems are all to be discovered in this exciting and interactive presentation from Museums with Marisa!

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Captivating Egypt: A Journey Through Time on Nile River Cruises

Introduction: In the land where pharaohs once ruled and gods were worshipped, the Nile River flows majestically, carrying with it the echoes of ancient civilizations. Nile River cruises offer travelers a unique opportunity to embark on a voyage through time, tracing the footsteps of history along the banks of Egypt’s legendary waterway. In this article, we embark on a virtual journey down the Nile, exploring the enchanting allure and practicalities of these unforgettable cruises.

The Enigmatic Appeal of Nile River Cruises: A Nile River cruise is a symphony of past and present, where ancient wonders and modern comforts converge to create an unparalleled travel experience. As the lifeblood of Egypt, the Nile has sustained civilizations for millennia, nurturing a rich tapestry of culture, tradition, and heritage along its fertile banks. Sailing along its tranquil waters, passengers are transported to a world where time seems to stand still, where the mysteries of the past are waiting to be unraveled.

One of the most captivating aspects of a Nile River cruise is the opportunity to explore Egypt’s iconic landmarks from a unique perspective. Imagine drifting past the majestic temples of Karnak and Luxor, their towering columns bathed in the soft glow of sunset, or waking up to the sight of Abu Simbel’s colossal statues emerging from the desert sands. With knowledgeable guides on hand to share the stories behind each site, travelers are treated to a journey of discovery that is as educational as it is enchanting.

Highlights Along the Nile: Nile River cruises typically follow a carefully curated itinerary that highlights the best of Egypt’s historical and cultural treasures. Here are some of the highlights that passengers can expect to encounter along the way:

• Luxor: Known as the “world’s greatest open-air museum,” Luxor is a treasure trove of ancient wonders, including the Temple of Karnak, the Luxor Temple, and the Valley of the Kings. Visitors can explore these archaeological marvels with expert guides, delving into the mysteries of Egypt’s pharaonic past.
• Aswan: Nestled on the banks of the Nile, Aswan is a picturesque city renowned for its tranquil beauty and rich cultural heritage. Highlights of a visit to Aswan include the majestic Philae Temple, the towering Aswan High Dam, and the colorful Nubian villages that line the riverbanks.
• Edfu and Kom Ombo: These riverside towns are home to some of Egypt’s best-preserved temples, including the Temple of Horus at Edfu and the Temple of Sobek and Horus at Kom Ombo. Travelers can marvel at the intricate carvings, towering columns, and well-preserved reliefs that adorn these ancient structures.
• Optional Excursions: In addition to the main highlights, many Nile River cruises offer optional excursions to lesser-known sites and attractions along the river. These may include visits to the temples of Abu Simbel, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, or a traditional felucca ride on the Nile at sunset.

Practical Considerations for Nile River Cruises: When planning a Nile River cruise, there are several practical considerations to keep in mind to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience:

• Itinerary: Nile River cruises vary in duration and route, with options ranging from short three-night journeys between Luxor and Aswan to longer expeditions that also include stops in Cairo and other cities. Choose an itinerary that aligns with your interests and schedule, allowing ample time to explore the highlights along the way.
• Accommodation: Nile River cruises offer a range of accommodation options, from luxurious five-star riverboats with spacious cabins and gourmet dining to more budget-friendly vessels with simpler amenities. Consider your preferences and budget when selecting a cruise ship, ensuring that you have a comfortable and enjoyable experience onboard.
• Season: The best time to take a Nile River cruise is during the cooler months of October to April, when temperatures are more comfortable for sightseeing. Be aware that peak tourist season can also mean larger crowds at popular attractions, so plan accordingly and book your cruise well in advance to secure your preferred dates and accommodations.
• Safety: While Egypt is generally a safe destination for tourists, it’s essential to stay informed about any travel advisories or security concerns in the region. Most Nile River cruises include guided excursions with experienced tour guides who can provide insights into local customs and safety tips, ensuring a worry-free journey from start to finish.

Conclusion: A Nile River cruise is a voyage of discovery that promises to transport travelers to the heart of Egypt’s ancient civilization. From the iconic landmarks of Luxor and Aswan to the hidden gems along the riverbanks, every moment on the Nile is an opportunity to connect with the rich history and timeless beauty of this legendary waterway. So embark on this unforgettable journey and let the mysteries of Egypt’s past unfold before your eyes as you sail through history on a Nile River cruise.

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Ancient Egypt & the Nile

Take a journey back in time as you amble through the monuments, tombs and temples that line the ancient avenues of Egypt. Gaze up at the Great Sphinx and the panoramic pyramids of Giza, venture inside a pyramid and stand awestruck in the face of astonishing temples built for the gods. Travel to Alexandria, historically known as the capital of knowledge and learning, and soak in the splendour of picturesque scenery as you spend seven days cruising down the Nile. Relax by the Red Sea and experience brilliant white sand and sparkling turquoise waters in the coastal town of Hurghada. On this tour, get swept away in Egypt’s living history with every sight you see and every city you visit.

Departure Dates

The details.

All-inclusive

$10,745 CAD

Per person in double occupancy

Single supplement: $2,000

Max Group Size: 30 travellers

Deposit Terms: $500 per person at time of booking $1,000 per person 45 days later Balance due 90 days before departure

Our approach perks

Private car service to and from your home airport

International flights and transportation while abroad

Meals and excursions that are typically sold separately

Tips for all service providers

24/7 Group Guru (in addition to tour guide and local guides)

$5 million of emergency medical travel insurance coverage, as well as protection for lost, damaged or stolen luggage

All taxes at home and abroad (including airport and hotel taxes)

This tour also includes

Tour essentials.

International flights with Lufthansa (details)

8 nights in first class hotels, 7 nights onboard a Nile river cruise ship

Dedicated English-speaking tour guide and local guides

Carefully selected visits, with entrance fees, including entrance to one of the pyramids

Luxury coach bus transfers and luggage porterage throughout

Food & drink

All 46 meals, including: 15 breakfasts, 16 lunches and 15 dinners

Farewell dinner (included in meal count)

Welcome cocktail

Bottled water daily (2 x 500ml)

Our happy travellers rave about Egypt

No one does it like approach.

We just returned from Egypt with Approach tours. An amazing experience full of unbelievable history, gorgeous landscapes and knowledgeable, helpful guides. No one does it like Approach! Looking forward to our fall Ireland trip.

Amazing accommodations!

Fantastic scenery, culture, great people (with good humour). Loved Cairo, Aswan, and Hurghada! Amazing snorkelling. Amazing accommodations!

Itinerary was perfect

Excellent Approach tour to Egypt. Itinerary was perfect and well thought out. Local guide was a knowledgeable Egyptologist and kept things interesting. Our Group Guru Caroline was fun to travel with and made sure all was well. Looking forward to another Approach trip!

What a fantastic trip!!

Exceptional, well thought out tour. The national tour guide provided us with in-depth Egyptian history from early civilization to present day. There was a nice variety of activities beyond archeological sites such as museums, a few opportunities to barter for souvenirs, a visit to a mosque & historic church, a camel ride, sound & light shows, a felluca ride and always a mix of meals for the culinary delight. Cruising the Nile, it was just what the doctor ordered after a busy week in Cairo. Very much appreciated in country flights on some days when sites were just a bit too far away; no need to spend your entire day on a bus to get somewhere. Approach, you’ve done it again, what a fantastic trip!!

Looking forward to our next Approach Tours trip!

WOW! Amazing trip to Egypt with Approach Tours! Door-to-door service and everything in between was well-planned. Food, hotel accommodations and Nile cruise were all top-notch. Travelled to all the must-sees of Egypt with a great group of people. National guide, Mahal, made Egypt come alive for us. We are looking forward to our next Approach Tours trip!

A worry-free adventure

The Approach tour to Egypt was the realization of a dream! Approach Tours planned a fantastic itinerary and were extremely responsive to group wants and needs along the way. The Group Guru and the Egyptian Guide both made this a worry-free adventure full of history and new experiences. I would recommend this tour to anyone 55+ based on tour pace, locations, quality of food/accommodations, guide knowledge and just plain fun!

A fantastic adventure

I just returned from a fantastic adventure through the time and history of Egypt thanks to Approach tours. Our fabulous Egyptian guide, gurus and fellow group members made this a fantastic trip for me. Egypt offers so much!

This tour’s itinerary

Days 1 & 2 goodbye canada, salam egypt, day 3 tour the great pyramids.

DAY 4 DISCOVER CAIRO

DAY 5 DAY TRIP TO ALEXANDRIA (227 KM)

DAY 6 CAIRO: CROSSROAD OF CIVILIZATIONS

DAY 7 ALL ABOARD OUR CRUISE OF THE NILE (FLIGHT)

Day 8 luxor & esna.

DAY 9 A DAY DEDICATED TO THE GODS

DAY 10 KOM OMBO TO ASWAN

DAY 11 EXPLORE ASWAN & ABU SIMBEL (FLIGHT)

DAY 12 KICK BACK & CRUISE UP THE NILE

DAY 13 RETURN TO LUXOR

DAY 14 EXPLORE HURGHADA (300 KM)

DAY 15 BEACH DAY IN HURGHADA

DAY 16 RELAX BY THE RED SEA

DAY 17 & 18 HOME SWEET HOME

Accommodations we know and love in Egypt

Looking for more information?

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When we say we are all-inclusive, we mean it. Our tours have everything you need to sit back and enjoy your experience. No precious time wasted, no extra costs, no fine print.

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While everything is included on an Approach tour, we built our experiences with different travel styles in mind. After all, your time is yours to enjoy as you please.

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We’ve taken time to select our favourite spots for you to safely explore the local cuisine while on tour. Pack your taste buds.

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The Nile River

Travel Alert Advisory

• WHAT'S INCLUDED
• EGYPT EXTENSIONS
• DATES & PRICES
• CONNECTIONS

Overview Secrets of Egypt & the Nile

3-night cairo pre-cruise, 7-night cruise roundtrip luxor, 1-night cairo post-cruise, cruise from :, countries: egypt, rivers: nile, secrets of egypt & the nile at a glance.

• Cairo to Cairo

*Guests can reserve the optional tour to Abu Simbel at time of booking your Nile adventure

Bid farewell to Cairo and prepare for your flight home. (B)

Itinerary is subject to change. For the most up-to-date information, please refer to the itinerary schedule provided with your final documents.

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Nile River Cruise

Take a tour down the Nile River from the comfort of your home!

Time & Location

About the event.

Our river cruise begins in the Delta Valley with a stop at the Great Pyramids and the new Grand Egyptian Museum. Then, we make our way down the Nile River with our first stop at the Temple Complex of Karnak, one of the most famous Ancient Egyptian sites. We continue south and visit Esna and Dendera, exploring the unique architecture and stunning color remnants inside the temples. Archaeological methods and hidden gems are all to be discovered!

Share This Event

New study reveals ancient Nile river branch helped build pyramids

• Omar Duwaji

An international group of Egyptologists has conducted research into how materials were transported to build pyramids across Egypt. Host Carolyn Beeler speaks with Suzanne Onstine, an Egyptologist at the University of Memphis, about the study her team conducted and how it explains Pyramid construction.

The story you just read is available to read for free because thousands of listeners and readers like you generously support our nonprofit newsroom. Every day, the reporters and producers at The World are hard at work bringing you human-centered news from across the globe. But we can’t do it without you: We need your support to ensure we can continue this work for another year.

When you make a gift of $10 or more a month, we’ll invite you to a virtual behind-the-scenes tour of our newsroom to thank you for being with The World.

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7 of the best river cruises around the world for 2024

Take a tour of the world’s most famous waterways on your next holiday, article bookmarked.

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A cruise holiday isn’t always about setting sail across vast oceans. For an alternative type of break on the water, winding your way inland might sound similar but it’s a vastly different experience.

From crossing deep into the untouched areas of the Amazon rainforest to exploring some of Europe ’s finest cities, the river cruise experience is one that allows tourists to get to grips with the history, culture and tradition of a destination in a slow, immersive fashion.

This could be in the form of sampling Creole cuisine in Mississippi or discovering historic sites in Vietnam , but whatever it is, there’s plenty of choice across Europe , Asia , South America and North America .

Read on for a selection of the best cruises, from the Mississippi to the Mekong.

Europe’s second longest river – and arguably its most famous – river takes you through amazing capital cities and host of charming towns, as well as plenty of scenic countryside in Austria , Hungary , Slovakia and Romania. Cruises along the Danube can vary from a handful of days to almost three weeks, giving you time to explore the elegance of cities like Vienna , Budapest, Bratislava or Belgrade.

Emerald Cruises lets you see the best of the Danube with the addition of a hefty dose of traditional German culture in Munich. Leaving the Bavarian capital, you’ll travel to Passau before a quick cross-border trip to the Unesco-listed Czech city of Cesky Krumlov. Vienna is the next city, replete with opulent architecture, before a quick overnight stay in Bratislava on the sixth night. Guided tours and hikes around the castle are included, before you get three nights to explore Budapest, the Hungarian capital that is blessed with picturesque buildings, relaxed thermal baths and a buzzing nightlife scene. 

From £1,999pp, including nine nights’ accommodation, full board, tours of Vienna, Bratislava and Budapest and airport transfers. Departing 7 May 2024 to 20 October 2024.

Read more on Europe travel :

• The lesser-known Croatia destinations you may not have considered
• The best spas in Eastern Europe for an affordable, yet luxurious, break
• Lisbon travel guide: Where to eat, drink, shop and stay in Portugal’s vivacious capital

This famous river runs for over 4,000 miles throughout South America and is a major part of the eponymous rainforest, one of the most biodiverse and important natural areas on the planet. A river cruise remains the best way to reach deeper into the jungle, with many cruises beginning in the northern Brazilian city of Manaus or in the Peruvian city of Lima.

Start in Peru’s enchanting capital with the Peruvian Rivers and Rainforest Discovery cruise from Uniworld. You’ll fly to Iquitos, the largest city in the Amazon as your next stop, before delving into some of the most remote areas in the world as you take to the waters. From here, nature takes centre stage, with a variety of experiences – including jungle walks and kayaking on a lake – added to the enjoyment of natural features such as giant lilies, towering barrigona trees and around 10 per cent of the world’s known animal species.

From £8,799pp, including 10 nights’ accommodation, full board, return flights from London, domestic flights and various excursions. Departing regularly from 17 January until 6 November 2024.

Start in  Cairo  and make your way down to Aswan over a few days (though many shorter routes operate between  Aswan and Luxor  only). For a relaxing way to take in riverside scenery and some of Egypt’s most important historical sites, a river cruise is the ideal choice.

AP Touring’s  Egypt Discovery  trip takes you on a round trip from Cairo. You’ll cross thousands of years of history, starting with West Bank the Valley of the Kings, before a short flight to Aswan to explore Abu Simbel and a sighting of the landmark Pyramids of Giza near the Egyptian capital. The scenery along the route is exceptional, too, with palm trees, green spaces and mini oases dotted in between the yellow-hued rock.

From £6,995pp, including 12 nights’ accommodation, 30 meals (including unlimited local beer and wine) return flights from London Heathrow, domestic flights within Egypt and activities in each of the 10 destinations. Departing regularly from September 2024 to April 2025.

Exploring this land of castles and fairytales is a worthwhile European trip, with tours often starting in the pretty Dutch capital of Amsterdam and weaving across the German and French countryside, with the route broken up by cities such as Cologne, Dusseldorf and Strasbourg. Many of the towns located on the banks of the Rhine, such as Koblenz, are incredibly picturesque, with a range of medieval castles and natural sites like the Black Forest also featuring.

Ama Waterways provide a seven-night cruise that runs from Basel to Amsterdam. Get your cultural fix at either end of your trip in either of these two cities, before admiring the vistas around the Rhine Valley, the medieval castles that loom over towns like Heidelberg and the timber-framed buildings that line the streets of Riquewihr and Strasbourg. Stops in both Freiburg and Dusseldorf are also included, as well as an optional excursion to Cologne.

From £2,399pp, including seven nights’ accommodation, full board and tours in each destination. Departing regularly between 18 February and 28 December 2024.

The views around the Douro Valley are some of the best in Portugal , whether you’re sitting by the banks in Porto or admiring the verdant hills and vineyards around Pinhao. This region, well-known for its port production, has cruises lasting roughly one week that usually begin and end in Porto – where the river meets the Atlantic Ocean – with a brief crossing over into Spain and Salamanca.

The Riviera Travel package offers an affordable eight-day Douro option starting and ending in Porto , with two nights to explore Portugal’s magnificent second city (and to go on a guided tour of a well-known port producer). Days three and four take you to sleepy Castelo de Rodrigo and the historic Spanish city of Salamanca (with guided tours and time to explore at your leisure) before traversing the cascading vineyards of the valley on your way back to Porto via the beautiful Peso de Regua (and a local wine tasting).

From £1,599pp, including seven nights’ accommodation, full board, flights from a London airport, one excursion one each day and airport transfers. Departing regularly from 7 April 2024.

The Mississippi

Discovering the Deep South is often done by car, but with new routes recently from Viking Cruises, exploring Louisiana, Mississippi, Minnesota and Tennessee has never been more idyllic. The famed cities of New Orleans and Memphis can bookend your tour, with lesser-known locations such as Baton Rouge, Natchez and Darrow making up the other stops.

Opt for Viking’s ‘Heart of the Delta’ cruise to if you really want to immerse yourself in the Deep South. The cruise begins with a few days exploring the French influences and Creole cuisine of New Orleans , before moving on to Baton Rouge – a haven of Creole and Cajun culture – and then onto Natchez, the oldest city on the river. You’ll travel through other towns on the Mississippi – complete with walking tours or excursions to the Atchafalaya Swamp basin – before reaching Memphis, the atmospheric home of blues music.

From £6,545pp, including 12 nights’ accommodation, full board, return flights from London and one excursion per destination. Departing weekly from March 7 until 13 June, with additional departures on 7 November and 13 November.

The Mekong flows through a host of Asia’s most fascinating countries, including Vietnam , Thailand , China and Cambodia. Most cruises only take in parts of Vietnam and Cambodia , though this mix of floating fishing villages, traditional markets and the two capitals of Ho Chi Minh City and Phnom Penh will be enough for most travellers. With Avalon Waterways , you’ll combine energetic, modern cities with some of the most vibrant culture in Asia and a history that is equal parts sobering and fascinating.

It starts in Siem Reap, site of the Angkor Wat temple, before moving on to the Cambodian capital, where you can learn about the dictatorship of Pol Pot and visit several must-see landmarks. After this, Vietnam beckons, with a visit to the dizzying Ho Chi Minh City to see its admirable architecture. Visits to markets, old Vietnam War tunnels, temples and cooking classes are dotted in between these city trips for good measure, with stops at characterful towns like Vinh Long, too.

From £4,229pp, including seven nights’ accommodation, full board and activities on each day of the trip. Departing regularly from 15 January to 11 March and from 12 August to 2 December 2024.

Read more: Best hotels in Europe: Where to stay for a city, beach or retreat break

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Out of the Centre

Savvino-storozhevsky monastery and museum.

Zvenigorod's most famous sight is the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, which was founded in 1398 by the monk Savva from the Troitse-Sergieva Lavra, at the invitation and with the support of Prince Yury Dmitrievich of Zvenigorod. Savva was later canonised as St Sabbas (Savva) of Storozhev. The monastery late flourished under the reign of Tsar Alexis, who chose the monastery as his family church and often went on pilgrimage there and made lots of donations to it. Most of the monastery’s buildings date from this time. The monastery is heavily fortified with thick walls and six towers, the most impressive of which is the Krasny Tower which also serves as the eastern entrance. The monastery was closed in 1918 and only reopened in 1995. In 1998 Patriarch Alexius II took part in a service to return the relics of St Sabbas to the monastery. Today the monastery has the status of a stauropegic monastery, which is second in status to a lavra. In addition to being a working monastery, it also holds the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.

Belfry and Neighbouring Churches

Located near the main entrance is the monastery's belfry which is perhaps the calling card of the monastery due to its uniqueness. It was built in the 1650s and the St Sergius of Radonezh’s Church was opened on the middle tier in the mid-17th century, although it was originally dedicated to the Trinity. The belfry's 35-tonne Great Bladgovestny Bell fell in 1941 and was only restored and returned in 2003. Attached to the belfry is a large refectory and the Transfiguration Church, both of which were built on the orders of Tsar Alexis in the 1650s.  

To the left of the belfry is another, smaller, refectory which is attached to the Trinity Gate-Church, which was also constructed in the 1650s on the orders of Tsar Alexis who made it his own family church. The church is elaborately decorated with colourful trims and underneath the archway is a beautiful 19th century fresco.

Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is the oldest building in the monastery and among the oldest buildings in the Moscow Region. It was built between 1404 and 1405 during the lifetime of St Sabbas and using the funds of Prince Yury of Zvenigorod. The white-stone cathedral is a standard four-pillar design with a single golden dome. After the death of St Sabbas he was interred in the cathedral and a new altar dedicated to him was added.

Under the reign of Tsar Alexis the cathedral was decorated with frescoes by Stepan Ryazanets, some of which remain today. Tsar Alexis also presented the cathedral with a five-tier iconostasis, the top row of icons have been preserved.

Tsaritsa's Chambers

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is located between the Tsaritsa's Chambers of the left and the Palace of Tsar Alexis on the right. The Tsaritsa's Chambers were built in the mid-17th century for the wife of Tsar Alexey - Tsaritsa Maria Ilinichna Miloskavskaya. The design of the building is influenced by the ancient Russian architectural style. Is prettier than the Tsar's chambers opposite, being red in colour with elaborately decorated window frames and entrance.

At present the Tsaritsa's Chambers houses the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum. Among its displays is an accurate recreation of the interior of a noble lady's chambers including furniture, decorations and a decorated tiled oven, and an exhibition on the history of Zvenigorod and the monastery.

Palace of Tsar Alexis

The Palace of Tsar Alexis was built in the 1650s and is now one of the best surviving examples of non-religious architecture of that era. It was built especially for Tsar Alexis who often visited the monastery on religious pilgrimages. Its most striking feature is its pretty row of nine chimney spouts which resemble towers.

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The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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