nova scotia tourism guide 2022

Nova Scotia Travel Guide

Last Updated: November 10, 2023

That welcoming atmosphere — combined with over 100 beaches, picturesque lighthouses, fresh seafood, and endless rugged coastline — makes visiting Nova Scotia an exciting (and underrated) destination in Eastern Canada.

Outside the capital city of Halifax, Nova Scotia is dotted with tiny fishing villages and coastal towns. Drive further north, and you’ll hit scenic Cape Breton Island which comes alive with vivid fall foliage each year along its Cabot Trail. In short, Nova Scotia is a province perfect for road trips.

Another bonus: Nova Scotia doesn’t see nearly as many tourists as the country’s larger cities, making it a somewhat off-the-beaten-trail destination that’s much more affordable than many of the more popular cities in Canada.

This travel guide to Nova Scotia can help you plan your trip, save money, and make the most of your visit to this beautiful east coast province!

Table of Contents

• Things to See and Do
• Typical Costs
• Suggested Budget
• Money-Saving Tips
• Where to Stay
• How to Get Around
• How to Stay Safe
• Best Places to Book Your Trip
• Related Blogs on Nova Scotia

Top 5 Things to See and Do in Nova Scotia

1. Hike the Skyline Trail

The Skyline Trail is easily the most popular hike in Cape Breton Highlands National Park. It stretches 6.5 kilometers (4 miles) through thick forest and then along the coast to reach a viewing platform overlooking the ocean. It’s a breathtaking walk on which you might even encounter moose. The hike is suitable for all levels and takes between 1.5-3 hours. Make sure to bring your own water, good shoes, and clothing layers as the weather can change quickly. The most popular time to visit is July, August, and September but many people come to see the autumn leaves change in October. Park admission is 8.50 CAD.

2. Tour the Alexander Keith’s Brewery

Alexander Keith is a legend in Nova Scotia. He opened his brewery in 1820, became mayor of Halifax, and was so wildly popular that Halifax throws a massive birthday party for him on the waterfront every October. Today, the 200-year-old brewery is one of the oldest in North America. Take a tour of the Halifax brewery to learn more and sample some of the limited edition beers at “Stag’s Head” pub at the end of the tour. Tours are 29.95 CAD.

3. Hang out in Halifax

Halifax is Nova Scotia’s cool capital city. It’s home to half a dozen universities so it has a lively nightlife, a thriving music scene, and countless trendy restaurants and craft breweries. Stroll the waterfront boardwalk, grab a lobster roll, and spend the evening at a local pub. Take the ferry over to Dartmouth across the harbor, known as ‘Halifax’s Brooklyn’ and check out the live music at New Scotland Brewing Company. The city has a youthful, arty vibe and is worth visiting for a couple of days.

4. Visit Peggy’s Cove Lighthouse

There are some 170 lighthouses in Nova Scotia, but Peggy’s Cove Lighthouse is the most famous. Once you see it, you’ll understand why it’s one of the most photographed lighthouses in the world. It’s a quintessential red-topped lighthouse standing on a rocky shore overlooking the Atlantic. Walk around and enjoy the ocean views and snap some photos. Beware: rogue waves are common, even on calm days. It’s possible to reach the lighthouse via bus and taxi but it is much easier by car.

5. Drive the Cabot Trail

Other things to see and do in nova scotia, 1. go tidal bore rafting in shubenacadie.

The Shubenacadie River’s rapids in the Bay of Fundy are powered by the highest tides in the world. One minute you’re floating down a peaceful river keeping an eye out for bald eagles and other wildlife and the next minute the river turns into a raging, foaming mass of rapids. When the tide changes twice a day, the tidal bore temporarily reverses the flow of the river, resulting in this wild river ride. A four-hour tour includes the guided rafting excursion, safety flotation gear, extra mud sliding on request (yes!), and post-rafting showers for when you need to clean up. Make sure to bring an extra clean change of clothes as well as a towel. A four-hour rafting trip starts at 95 CAD.

2. Go whale watching

In the summer and fall, 12 species of whales visit the waters around Nova Scotia, including pilot whales, minke whales, giant humpbacks, and the endangered North Atlantic right whale. There are tons of whale-watching tours to choose from in the area, with most operating outside of Halifax. Mariner Cruises takes you out for a 2.5-hour boating tour for 50 CAD departing from Westport on Brier Island, while larger groups like Lunenburg Whale Watching Tours start at 70 CAD.

3. Enjoy summer on the water

Summer is short in Nova Scotia, so when the weather is nice and the sun comes out, Nova Scotians hit the water to go sailing, kayaking, paddle boarding, and canoeing. Surfing is also big here, with Lawrencetown Beach being one of the more popular areas to find the biggest waves. Go swimming at Melmerby Beach or take a kayak around Kejimkujik National Park. Kayak rentals cost around 25 CAD for two hours or 32 CAD for the entire day.

4. Wander the Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens

Spanning 17 acres of greenery, these historical gardens overlook a tidal river valley and include an enormous rose collection (best seen in July) as well as an 18th-century Governor’s Garden and a 19th-century Victorian Garden. You can check out the reconstructed 1671 Acadian House or grab a coffee and light lunch at The Elm Tree Café (seasonal). It’s 16 CAD to visit except November to April when there is only a suggested donation of 5 CAD as the Gardens are not maintained during the winter months.

5. Visit the Alexander Graham Bell Historic Site

This museum in Cape Breton is host to a rich collection of artifacts and documents chronicling the life and career of Bell, the inventor of the telephone. The collection was accumulated by his family during their time here in Baddeck, Cape Breton. In the parlor, you can see Bell’s personal effects, like his favorite jacket, notebook, and walking stick. You can also take a behind-the-scenes “White Glove Tour” of the artifact storage facilities. The site is open May-October and admission is 8.50 CAD (13 CAD for the white glove tour).

6. Explore the Highland Village Museum

Over the centuries, the Canadian Maritimes have been heavily influenced by Scottish and Irish immigration. This outdoor pioneer museum and Gaelic culture experience highlights that history. The 43-acre site overlooking Bras d’Or Lake includes historic buildings like three frame houses, a mill, and a forge. You can take part in a traditional céilidh dance, hear Gaelic singing, and even practice a little of the language yourself. It’s open from June to October and costs 11 CAD.

7. Tour the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic

This museum depicts Nova Scotia’s maritime history with exhibits on boatbuilding, World War II convoys, the Titanic, and the Halifax Explosion (a huge disaster that happened in 1917, when two ships carrying ammunition ran into each other and destroyed much of the city). It’s a very comprehensive overview of the region’s history. Admission is 5.15 CAD from November-April and 9.55 CAD from May-October.

8. Visit nearby New Brunswick or Prince Edward Island

These two provinces are close to Nova Scotia and can be visited as day trips (or multi-day trips) if you have your own vehicle. Don’t miss New Brunswick’s Fundy National Park to see the world’s highest tides. In P.E.I., you can soak up some tranquility on the sea (and eat lots of seafood) and visit the Anne of Green Gables house.

9. Explore Lunenburg

Lunenburg is one of the most colorful towns you’ll ever come across. With its narrow streets and colonial 18th- and 19th-century buildings painted in bright hues of pinks, oranges, and greens, you’ll feel like you’ve stepped back into the past. There are still tall ships in the harbor and even an operational blacksmith hammering away on the waterfront. The harbor is home to the famous Bluenose II, a replica schooner of the original Bluenose boat that’s featured on the Canadian dime (ten-cent coin). The Bluenose was a famous fishing/racing schooner that went undefeated in her 18-year run and is an iconic part of Canadian history.

10. Tour the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21

If there’s just one museum you visit in Halifax, make it this one . Pier 21 was the immigration point for one million newcomers to Canada between 1928 and 1971. You’ll learn about 400 years of Canadian immigration history through first-person stories, archival photos, artifacts (including trunks and personal treasures), and digital documentation. Exhibits are incredibly interactive and you can even research your family’s pre-1935 immigration records from all ports of entry in North America. Admission is 15.50 CAD.

11. Relax in Kejimkujik National Park

For a taste of Maritime nature, come to this national park to paddle, hike, camp, and relax. Here you’ll find ancient rock carvings (petroglyphs), canoe routes, and coastal wilderness punctuated with sandy beaches and wildlife. To learn more about the Mi’kmaq people who traditionally have called the region home, join a storytelling session, take a guided petroglyph tour, or participate in a canoe-building workshop. Admission to the park is 6.25 CAD.

For more information on other destinations in Canada, check out these guides:

• Calgary Travel Guide
• Montreal Travel Guide
• Ottawa Travel Guide
• Quebec City Travel Guide
• Toronto Travel Guide
• Vancouver Travel Guide
• Vancouver Island Travel Guide

Nova Scotia Travel Costs

Hostel prices – Hostels are virtually non-existent in Nova Scotia. The only exception is Halifax. A bed in a 4-6-person dorm costs 30-35 CAD per night. A private room costs about 78-90 CAD per night. Expect basic amenities like free Wi-Fi and self-catering facilities.

For those traveling with a tent, camping is available around the province starting at 27 CAD per night. This gets you a basic plot without electricity for two people.

Budget hotel prices – Budget hotels start around 105 CAD per night for a place outside of Halifax. Within Halifax, most budget hotels start at around 130 CAD per night. Expect basic amenities like free Wi-Fi, TV, AC, and a coffee/tea maker. Prices are lower during the off-season.

Airbnb is available all around Nova Scotia. Private rooms start around 50-75 CAD per night, though they average double (or even triple) that price. An entire home/apartment costs around 100 CAD per night, though they average closer to 160 CAD (200 CAD in Halifax). Book early to find the best deals.

Food -In Nova Scotia, seafood is king. Be sure to try scallops and oysters, wild blueberries, lobster, and donair (thinly sliced beef in a pita with a sauce that’s similar to kebab; it’s the official food of Halifax). Also, be sure to sample more general Canadian staples like poutine (fries with gravy and cheese curds), beaver tails (fried dough with maple syrup), Canadian bacon, and the oddly tasty ketchup chips.

You can find cheap street food eats like donair for around 7 CAD (go to Johnny K’s), or a small pizza on Halifax’s “Pizza Corner” (an intersection at Blowers Street and Grafton Street full of pizza places) for less than 10 CAD.

A fast food combo meal (think McDonald’s) costs around 12 CAD. A lobster roll at an inexpensive restaurant is about 20 CAD, while lobster poutine is closer to 18 CAD. A bowl of pasta (such as scallop carbonara) costs around 20 CAD. A beer to go with it is about 7 CAD while a glass of wine starts at 9 CAD.

A meal at a higher-end restaurant costs about 40 CAD for a steak or duck entree without a drink, while lobster is closer to 55 CAD.

If you cook for yourself, expect to spend 50-65 CAD on groceries per week. This gets you basic staples like rice, pasta, seasonal produce, and some meat or fish.

Some recommended places to eat include No. 9 Coffee Bar (Lunenburg), The Barn Coffee & Social House (Mahone Bay), The Economy Shoe Shop (Halifax), McKelvie’s Restaurant (Halifax), and The Wooden Monkey (Halifax).

Backpacking Nova Scotia Suggested Budgets

If you’re backpacking Nova Scotia, expect to spend about 70 CAD per day. This assumes you’re staying in a hostel, cooking all your meals, limiting your drinking, taking public transit to get around, and doing mostly free activities like swimming and hiking. If you plan on drinking, add another 10-15 CAD to your daily budget.

On a mid-range budget of 180 CAD per day, you can stay in a private Airbnb, eat out for a few meals, enjoy a couple of drinks, rent a car to get around, and do more paid activities like rent a kayak, visit museums, and day trips to a nearby province.

On a “luxury” budget of 280 CAD per day or more, you can stay in a hotel, rent a car, drink more, eat out for most meals, and do whatever tours and activities you want. This is just the ground floor for luxury though. The sky is the limit!

You can use the chart below to get some idea of how much you need to budget daily, depending on your travel style. Keep in mind these are daily averages — some days you’ll spend more, some days you’ll spend less (you might spend less every day). We just want to give you a general idea of how to make your budget. Prices are in CAD.

Nova Scotia Travel Guide: Money-Saving Tips

Nova Scotia can be an affordable destination if you budget properly. It gets more expensive during peak summer season and early fall (everyone comes to see the leaves change color). Here are some of my ways to save money in Nova Scotia during your visit:

• Stay with a local – If you plan ahead, you can usually find a Couchsurfing host in Halifax. This way, you not only have a free place to stay, but you’ll have a local host that can share their insider tips and advice.
• Take a free walking tour – Walking tours are a great way to get familiar with a city and its culture. Halifax Free Walking Tours offers daily informative walking tours in the summer. In the off-season, tours are available by request. Just be sure to tip your guide at the end!
• Look for free events – Many of Nova Scotia’s events and festivals are free, including Halifax’s Busker Festival in July. Many towns (like Pictou) also have free summer concerts in public spaces. Check the Tourism Nova Scotia website for more info!
• Go camping – If you want to camp, use novascotia.goingtocamp.com to find available campsites around the province. A two-person site costs around 27-35 CAD.
• Look for the happy hours – The Ultimate Happy Hours website lists all the happy hour drink and food specials around Halifax. They update with new info frequently!
• Get the Museum Pass – If you plan on visiting lots of museums, the Nova Scotia Museum Pass lets you pay one price to access any of the province’s museum sites. It’s valid for 12 months and costs 47 CAD.
• Bring a water bottle – The tap water here is safe to drink so bring a reusable water bottle to save money. LifeStraw makes a reusable bottle with a built-in filter to ensure your water is always safe and clean.

Where to Stay in Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia doesn’t have many hostels and most of the existing ones are in Halifax. Here are my suggested places to stay:

• HI Halifax Heritage House Hostel
• Halifax Backpacker
• Bear on the Lake Guesthouse

How to Get Around Nova Scotia

Public transportation – Halifax is the only major urban center in Nova Scotia and locals depend on a public bus system to get around. Halifax’s public buses can take you all around the inner city and into the suburbs, but the downtown area is very walkable. Fares are 2.75 CAD.

You can take the MetroX bus from the airport to downtown St. John’s for 4.25 CAD (exact change required). There’s also a ferry connecting downtown Halifax to Dartmouth for 2.75 CAD.

Bus – Taking the bus is the best way to get around Nova Scotia if you don’t have a car. Maritime Bus connects most towns in the province. A two-hour trip from Halifax to Lunenburg is 26 CAD, while Halifax to Mahone Bay takes an hour and costs 20.25 CAD. Halifax to Sydney (Cape Breton) costs 72 CAD and takes 6 hours.

To find bus routes and prices, use BusBud .

Taxi – Taxis are not cheap here. Their base rate is 3.75 CAD, and it’s an additional 1.70 CAD per kilometer afterward. Prices add up fast so I’d avoid them if you can.

Ridesharing – Uber is available in Halifax, but the city is easily walkable so I’d skip the ridesharing if you can.

Car Rental – Car rentals can be found for as little as 30 CAD per day for a multi-day rental. If you want to take advantage of all that Nova Scotia has to offer, this is your best option. For the best car rental prices, use Discover Cars .

When to Go to Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is at its busiest in the summer, with the best weather occurring between June and August. Temperatures often exceed 25°C (78°F). Keep in mind that accommodation prices are higher during this time, but tourist attractions are never overly crowded compared to elsewhere in Canada.

Both early fall and late spring are also excellent times to visit. The weather is warm, you can do all the outdoor exploration you want, and the tourist season isn’t in full swing. This is the best time to drive Cape Breton’s Cabot Trail. The fall colors are particularly pretty.

Winters in Nova Scotia are cold and wet, with temperatures ranging between from -17-0°C (0-32°F) from December to March. If you come during this time, be prepared for all weather types and dress in layers because it is cold. Keep in mind that many businesses shut down for the winter (mostly outside of Halifax). In short, I’d avoid a winter visit unless you’re here for winter sports and activities.

How to Stay Safe in Nova Scotia

You don’t have to worry much about crime in Nova Scotia — it’s incredibly safe to visit. Your greatest risk is petty crime like pickpocketing, but even that is super rare. Overall, I really wouldn’t worry about crime here. Getting hurt hiking is more likely to happen than any crime!

Like much of rural Canada, Nova Scotia has ticks that carry Lyme Disease. If you’re hiking, try to wear long sleeves or pants, or stick to well-trodden trails. Check yourself for ticks after spending time in nature.

Solo female travelers should generally feel safe here. However, the standard precautions you take anywhere apply (never leave your drink unattended at the bar, never walk home alone intoxicated, etc.). For more information, check out one of the many solo female travel blogs in the city.

If you’re visiting in the winter, make sure you keep an eye on the weather — especially if you’re driving a car. Road conditions can change rapidly.

Hurricanes can occasionally make it up to the Maritimes, so keep an eye on them if you’re visiting during hurricane season (June-November).

If you experience an emergency, dial 911 for assistance.

When in doubt, always trust your instincts. If a taxi driver seems shady, get out. If your hotel or accommodation is seedier than you thought, go somewhere else. Make copies of your personal documents, including your passport and ID, in case of an emergency.

The most important piece of advice I can offer is to purchase good travel insurance. Travel insurance will protect you against illness, injury, theft, and cancellations. It’s comprehensive protection in case anything goes wrong. I never go on a trip without it as I’ve had to use it many times in the past.

Nova Scotia Travel Guide: The Best Booking Resources

These are my favorite companies to use when I travel. They consistently have the best deals, offer world-class customer service and great value, and overall, are better than their competitors. They are the companies I use the most and are always the starting point in my search for travel deals.

• Skyscanner – Skyscanner is my favorite flight search engine. They search small websites and budget airlines that larger search sites tend to miss. They are hands down the number one place to start.
• Hostelworld – This is the best hostel accommodation site out there with the largest inventory, best search interface, and widest availability.
• Booking.com – The best all around booking site that constantly provides the cheapest and lowest rates. They have the widest selection of budget accommodation. In all my tests, they’ve always had the cheapest rates out of all the booking websites.
• Get Your Guide – Get Your Guide is a huge online marketplace for tours and excursions. They have tons of tour options available in cities all around the world, including everything from cooking classes, walking tours, street art lessons, and more!
• SafetyWing – Safety Wing offers convenient and affordable plans tailored to digital nomads and long-term travelers. They have cheap monthly plans, great customer service, and an easy-to-use claims process that makes it perfect for those on the road.
• LifeStraw – My go-to company for reusable water bottles with built-in filters so you can ensure your drinking water is always clean and safe.
• Unbound Merino – They make lightweight, durable, easy-to-clean travel clothing.
• Top Travel Credit Cards – Points are the best way to cut down travel expenses. Here’s my favorite point earning credit cards so you can get free travel!

Nova Scotia Travel Guide: Related Articles

Want more info? Check out all the articles I’ve written on backpacking/traveling Canada and continue planning your trip:

The 6 Best Hotels in Toronto

Where to Stay in Quebec City: The Best Neighborhoods for Your Visit

Where to Stay in Vancouver: The Best Neighborhoods for Your Visit

Where to Stay in Toronto: The Best Neighborhoods for Your Visit

Canada Road Trip: A One Month Suggested Itinerary

How to Road Trip the Yukon on a Budget

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Visitor Information

Nova Scotia is located in Canada, on the upper east coast of North America, lying between the provinces of New Brunswick (in the west) and Newfoundland (in the northeast).

Explore Nova Scotia, from the Cabot Trail on Cape Breton Island, to Greater Halifax and Peggy's Cove, the famous tides of the Bay of Fundy, the rugged wilderness and pristine white sand beaches of the Eastern Shore, the orchards and wineries of the Annapolis Valley, to the lighthouses and Acadian culture of the South Shore.

How do I get there ?

Nova Scotia is easily accessable by Air, Sea or Land. An international airport is located just outside the capital city of Halifax. There is also an airport located in Sydney which services the island of Cape Breton. Several ferry services operate in Nova Scotia, offering connection to the surrounding Provinces of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland. Nova Scotia is connected to mainland Canada at the New Brunswick border. Travelling the Trans Canada Highway east from New Brunswick will enter Nova Scotia in the Amherst area... from here it is roughly a 2.5 - 3 hour drive to the capital city of Halifax. Passenger rail service is provided by VIA Rail, with stations in Truro and Halifax.

Visitor Information Centres

There are several Visitor Information Centres located throughout Nova Scotia, staffed by travel counsellors who will help you with travel information and literature (brochures, maps, guides, etc). Just follow the Question Mark ( ? ) signs!

I need more Information

Download your free Nova Scotia Travel Guide by clicking here . For more information please call: 1-800-565-0000 (within North America). If you are outside of North America, please call 1-902-425-5781 , or Email: [email protected] .

What else ?

Don't forget to Sign the Guestbook !

Enjoy your Vacation !

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17 Top-Rated Attractions & Places to Visit in Nova Scotia

Written by Chloë Ernst and Lura Seavey Updated Sep 26, 2022

Pretty and peaceful, Nova Scotia is Canada's second smallest province, a peninsula on the eastern edge of the Canadian mainland. But its lengthy coastline is dotted with fishing harbors, sandy beaches, plump islands, and other beautiful places to visit. The scenery varies greatly, from the foggy Atlantic Ocean in the southeast to the tidal salt marshes of the Bay of Fundy in the west and Gaelic highlands of Cape Breton to the north.

In these maritime latitudes, Nova Scotia has a pleasantly breezy if rather damp climate. Summer is bright and sunny, but weather conditions can often cause fog, with snow in winter.

Halifax is the capital and largest city. In 1604, the French, including Samuel de Champlain, settled the Annapolis Valley, founding Port-Royal , the first lasting European settlement north of Florida. They called it Acadia, a name that is now used to refer to all French settlement in the Maritimes.

Find the best places to visit in this fascinating province with our list of the top attractions in Nova Scotia.

1. Cabot Trail

2. peggy's cove, 3. fortress of louisbourg national historic site, 4. cape breton highlands national park, 5. halifax citadel national historic site, 6. maritime museum of the atlantic, 7. kejimkujik national park, 8. halifax harbour, 9. lunenburg, 10. canadian museum of immigration at pier 21, 11. annapolis royal historic gardens, 12. halifax public gardens, 13. shubenacadie provincial wildlife park, 14. grand pre national historic site, 15. port-royal national historic site, 16. hall's harbour, 17. ross farm museum, map of attractions & places to visit in nova scotia.

A 300-kilometer scenic drive rings the northwest coast of Cape Breton Island and Cape Breton Highlands National Park. It is a coastal route, where the highest mountains in Nova Scotia dramatically meet the Gulf of St. Lawrence . Cliffs, beaches, viewpoints, and a twisting road give countless photo opportunities, and this is a very popular motorcycle tour route.

Many small communities and tourist attractions line the route, including a variety of local artisans and unique shops. Hiking is one of the popular things to do. There are also many excellent hiking trails, and tourists can either hike on their own or hire a local guide to show them the best spots.

Cabot Trail unofficially begins and ends in Baddeck, home to the father of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell. Autumn is a favorite time to drive the Cabot Trail owing to the region's vibrant fall colors.

Location: Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia

About 43 kilometers southwest of Halifax, the fishing village of Peggy's Cove has a back-in-time feel. Peggy's Point Lighthouse, one of Canada's most photographed lighthouses, sits on the foggy Atlantic Coast marking a perilous point. Stark, wave-battered granite bluffs surround the lighthouse, and tourists should exercise extreme caution if exploring the rocky shoreline.

Fishing wharves and boathouses line the shore of this active fishing community, and colorful heritage homes and art galleries line the winding road. Among these is the deGarthe Gallery and Museum , home to a fine collection of the work of local artist William E. deGarthe, a Finnish immigrant who was inspired by Peggy's Cove and its fishermen at a young age.

Tourists with some time to spend exploring the area can take a self-guided sightseeing tour of the Coastal Heritage Trail , which has been described as a "museum without walls." Top destinations include the Peggy's Cove Preservation Area, Pioneer Cemetery, Bishop's Park, and many other historically significant sites like the SS Atlantic Heritage Park .

The park includes a museum with many artifacts and information about the tragic demise of the ship and its crew, as well as a nice boardwalk and a memorial.

This is an extremely popular day-trip destination from Halifax, so be prepared for crowds of tourists, especially near the lighthouse.

The Fortress of Louisburg National Historic Site is a living history museum, which recreates mid-18th century fort life with more than forty historic buildings, costumed guides, and working establishments. Rebuilt on the site of a 1713 French fort, enormous defensive walls surround the town, some of which were up to 35 feet thick when constructed.

The reconstructed site is now filled with a cast of costumed interpreters who go about daily life, from domestic to military. Visitors can watch servants cook and taste authentic hot chocolate and fresh baked bread, see the merchants hawk their wares, and feel the ground shake as soldiers fire the cannon and their muskets.

Tourists looking for a more immersive experience can choose to spend the night here in a reproduction tent or period home - a truly unique experience for couples looking for a memorable romantic getaway.

Address: 259 Park Service Road, Louisbourg, Nova Scotia

Official site: www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/ns/louisbourg

The highest peaks in Nova Scotia are in Cape Breton Highlands National Park, which covers more than 950 square kilometers at the northern tip of Cape Breton Island . Both the coastline of beaches and cliffs and the inland forests and rivers tempt hikers, campers, and families to explore the park.

Wildlife watching is excellent in the national park, with moose, beaver, eagles, and deer often visible from the Cabot Trail scenic drive, which partially cuts through the park.

The park is also home to Skyline Trail , a scenic route laid out in an easy-to-walk wooden boardwalk path. Overlooking the Gulf of St. Lawrence, visitors can spot whales below while enjoying panoramic views of the rugged coastline.

The small Acadian town of Chéticamp lies just outside park boundaries. It is well worth a stop for its small shops and galleries and dining establishments. It is also home to Les Trois Pignons , a unique museum and visitor center that houses a good collection of antiquities and traditional hooked rugs.

Official site: www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/ns/cbreton/

Overlooking downtown Halifax, this hilltop fortress is the remnant of a British garrison that was first established in the 18th-century. Halifax Citadel National Historic Site, which itself was built in 1856, never saw a battle.

Today, the warren-like tunnels, powder magazine, and barracks have been preserved, and living-history guides give tours. There are reenactments and fortress guards with interpreters dressed in British reds, complete with musket salutes and the sound of bagpipes.

The road leading up Citadel Hill is popular for its city and harbor views, and it passes the Old Town Clock , which Prince Edward commissioned in 1803.

Address: 5425 Sackville Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia

Official site: www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/ns/halifax

The exhibits and displays at this museum bring the maritime history of the province and the North Atlantic to life, showing visitors the role the sea has played in all facets of local life. Using photographs and personal tales of survivors, excellent multi-media exhibits chronicle the 1917 collision of two ships in the harbor, which caused the Halifax explosion.

Museum collections include more than two hundred model ships, from old sailing craft to ocean liners, freighters, and naval ships. Another part of the museum is in an old ship chandlery, where items were bought to outfit ships for sea.

There is also an extensive exhibit on the recovery efforts after the Titanic sank, Halifax being instrumental in rescue operations. On display are items found on the sea during rescue and later recovered, telling the tale of the ship and the people on board.

Also part of the museum are several craft moored in Halifax Harbour, including Queen Victoria's Royal Barge, a gift to the museum by Queen Elizabeth II. Another historically significant ship is the HMCS Sackville , a corvette class known for bouncing around like a cork in heavy seas, which saw duty during the Battle of the Atlantic in the convoys that kept Britain alive.

CSS Acadia is also open for touring as part of museum admission; it's now retired after long years of service in the Arctic and North Atlantic, charting the ocean floor.

Address: 1675 Lower Water Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia

Official site: https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca

Kejimkujik National Park occupies nearly 400 square kilometers of inland Nova Scotia, with a small seaside adjunct that has a stunning white-sand beach.

One of the biggest draws to this peaceful space is the rich history of the Mi'kmaw people who occupied the land for millennia. Visitors can still see evidence of Mi'kmaw life in the numerous petroglyphs, and learn more about native culture by watching Mi'kmaw craftsman Todd Labrador build birchbark canoes using traditional methods.

The majority of the park is only accessible by hiking or by canoe, making it an excellent place to truly get away. Campsites are located throughout the park for those who want to be completely immersed in nature, or visitors can enjoy the area during the day by hiking or paddling traditional Mi'kmaw routes.

Address: 1188 Saint Catherines River Road, Port Joli, Nova Scotia

Official site: www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/ns/kejimkujik

A boardwalk lines the Halifax Harbour, leading from the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 to the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic and restaurants. Tugs, sailboats, and navy vessels come and go, and the views look out to Dartmouth across the harbor and Georges Island mid-channel.

This is where you will find the ferry to Dartmouth, as well as plentiful choices if you want to take a sightseeing cruise in the harbor or go whale-watching. Near the ferry terminal, you can find a group of restored heritage buildings and a pedestrian area, which is lively both day and night, full of restaurants that often feature live maritime bands and always offer the freshest of seafood.

Tourists will find more shopping and plenty of goodies to snack on at the Halifax Seaport Farmer's Market , founded in 1750, making it the oldest farmers market in the Americas. The market is open daily and features locally grown, caught, and hand-made items including prepared food.

Brightly colored heritage buildings dot the hilly Lunenburg townscape, nearly three-quarters of which are the original structures from the 18 th and 19 th centuries. Many of these have been turned into inns and bed-and-breakfasts, and the community is a UNESCO World Heritage Site .

Lunenburg's legacy was established when it became an early shipbuilding center. The town's most famous craft is the Bluenose schooner. Built here in 1921, the boat won many international races before sinking off the coast of Haiti. A replica, Bluenose II, is often in port, while other fishing vessels and a schooner can be seen at the Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic.

Along the waterfront, the port is still alive with vessels docking at the wharves and fishermen unloading the catch of the day.

• Read More: Top-Rated Things to Do in Lunenburg & Mahone Bay, NS

At one time, Pier 21 was the Canadian equivalent to Ellis Island, welcoming twenty percent of the nation's immigrants from 1928 through 1971. Through permanent and changing exhibits, visitors can find out what it was like to travel across the ocean and arrive in a new country.

Many of the exhibits are hands-on, including the chance to actually dress in period costumes, go inside a replica ship, and explore the contents of trunks and crates to learn more about the lives of the immigrants who packed up their most valued possessions.

The museum also has extensive genealogical resources at the Scotiabank Family History Centre , where anyone can go to trace their own family's immigration history free of charge.

Address: 1055 Marginal Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia

Official site: https://pier21.ca/

The Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens is one of the finest show gardens in North America, with 10 acres of beautifully planned and expertly executed historical and horticultural beds. The Rose Garden has two thousand bushes set among paths with green lawns, and the Governor's Garden is planted in the style and with the plants of the 1740s.

In a separate section are demonstration plots for current techniques and plants, and there is a winter garden where the plants are chosen for a bark, stem shape, or form that makes them attractive in the winter.

On the back side of the garden, the path looks out over the banks of the river. The gardens are a popular place for weddings, so you may have to sidestep around a happy couple and beaming parents.

Another top historic attraction in Annapolis Royal is the Fort Anne National Historic Site, originally built by the French in 1643 and taken over by the British in the 1750s. While the only remaining buildings are an 18 th -century gunpowder magazine and officers barracks, the impressive walls and ramparts are substantially intact.

Address: 441 St. George Street, Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia

Official site: www.historicgardens.com

The Halifax Public Gardens are the oldest Victorian gardens in North America, created in 1867 and now an official National Historic Site. Tourists can enjoy an hour-long guided tour of the gardens, which reveals its historic and horticultural significance. The gardens are free to visit and often host both public and private events.

In the spring, the gardens are bright with beds of tulips, daffodils, and irises, and the magnolia and cherry trees are in full bloom. June brings azaleas and rhododendrons, and later in the summer, dahlias, peonies, and roses line the artfully laid-out paths.

Even into November, you will find a variety of color, although the Friends of the Public Gardens Information Desk and park café close at the end of October.

Address: 5665 Spring Garden Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia

Official site: www.halifaxpublicgardens.ca

Located 40 kilometers from Halifax, Shubenacadie Provincial Wildlife Park makes an excellent day trip. The park is spread over 40 hectares and is home to a wide variety of native and exotic animal species, including moose, foxes, beavers, wolves, black bears, and cougars. Visitors can interact with many of the park residents by feeding the animals grains provided in dispensers throughout the park.

Horse fanciers take note: the park is the only wildlife park in the world with Sable Island horses .

The park is also home to a variety of birds, including over a dozen species of pheasant and fowl, raptors including the bald eagle, peregrine falcon, and great horned owl, and even emu.

Address: 149 Creighton Road, Lake Egmont, Nova Scotia

Official site: https://wildlifepark.novascotia.ca/

Acadians settled in Grand Pre in the early 18th century, reclaiming Bay of Fundy salt marshes for agricultural land through a series of dykes. But as Nova Scotia changed hands between the French and British, it brought unrest to the region. When the French-speaking Acadians refused to swear allegiance to England in 1755, the British deported about 10,000 people and destroyed their farms.

Grand Pre National Historic Site is a memorial to this injustice. Pretty gardens, a small chapel, and a statue of Henry Longfellow's fictional heroine Evangéline are part of the picturesque grounds at the historic site.

Official site: https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/ns/grandpre

Port-Royal National Historic Site in the Annapolis Valley is where, in 1605, Sieur des Monts founded one of the first permanent settlements in North America and established a fur-trading center.

Though the British later destroyed the fort, it has now been rebuilt using authentic 17th-century building techniques. The complex includes a Governor's Residence, a fur trading post, and priest's quarters, as well as a reproduction of the original quadrangle named the Habitation.

Living-history interpreters give insight into the settlers' struggle to survive, including how the native Mi'kmaq helped the Europeans through their first hard winters. Visitors can interact with the interpreters and ask questions, and there is also a special hands-on learning program for kids ages 6-11.

Address: 53 Historic Lane, Port Royal, Nova Scotia

Official site: www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/ns/portroyal

Though it's lesser publicized than New Brunswick, the Nova Scotia side of the Bay of Fundy shares claim to the highest tides in the world. Hall's Harbour is not the pinnacle of that tidal range (head instead to the Minas Basin ), but it is one of the prettiest, with a wide sandy beach and wharves where docked fishing boats act as tidal markers. At low tide, the vessel sits on the harbor bottom.

A seafood restaurant is the main destination in the tiny village. From Hall's Harbour, other Annapolis Valley attractions are nearby, including The Lookoff viewpoint near Canning, Cape Split hiking trails , and Blomidon Provincial Park .

Ross Farm Museum does an excellent job of representing a working farm from more than 150 years ago. Numerous displays and buildings take visitors through a time warp to a bygone era. The 60-acre farm is, in fact, a real working operation, with a dairy barn, oxen pulls, and wagon rides.

Visitors can see a variety of animals including Canadian horses, oxen, various types of poultry, Southdown and Cotswold sheep, along with Berkshire Pigs. There is a nature trail that allows visitors to stroll throughout the property, along with a blacksmith's shop, cooper's shop, barn, schoolhouse, and the original Ross cottage.

Address: 4568 Highway 12, New Ross, Nova Scotia

Official site: http://rossfarm.novascotia.ca/

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14 Best Things to do in Nova Scotia: A Comprehensive Travel Guide 

If you’re looking for an exciting East Coast travel destination, look no further than Nova Scotia. From the stunning coastline of Cape Breton Island with plenty of outdoor adventures and hiking trails, to the vibrant capital of Halifax with plenty of restaurants, bars, and cultural attractions, and the charming towns of Wolfville and Lunenburg, Nova Scotia has something for everyone.

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We spent 3 weeks exploring Nova Scotia on our recent East Coast Canada road trip and found it to be one of the most diverse Maritime provinces with a range of activities, experiences and destinations for all tastes and travel preferences. 

We loved hanging out in Halifax, enjoying great food and local brews, sampling locally made wine in the Annapolis Valley, learning more about Canadian history in Annapolis Royal, hiking the Skyline Trail in Cape Breton Highlands National Park and admiring the views on our road trip along the Cabot Trail. 

We’ve rounded our best experiences and favourite destinations into this comprehensive guide to help others plan their own Nova Scotia travel itinerary.

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About Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is one of the three Maritimes provinces and is located on the East Coast of Canada. The province has 7500 km (4660 mi) of coastline and is dotted with fishing villages, stunning beaches, rugged coves and headlands and a variety of wildlife. This makes it an especially memorable destination for an epic road trip with spectacular scenery and extremely friendly locals. 

Cultural Influence 

Originally the home of the Mi’Kmaq people who have called Nova Scotia home for over 10,000 years, the province is a multicultural part of Canada. A unique blend of English, Scottish and French influences can still be seen today, making it a culturally fascinating place to explore.

Fun Facts About Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is the second smallest province in Canada, after Prince Edward Island.

The capital of Halifax is the largest city in Nova Scotia, with a population of over 400,000 people. The waterfront in Halifax is the most visited destination in all of Nova Scotia.

The Cabot Trail on Cape Breton Island is frequently ranked as one of the most popular scenic drives in Canada. It was named one of the world’s top 10 motorcycle rides by National Geographic.

The Annapolis Valley in the western part of the province is known for its wineries and orchards and is a popular destination for cyclists. Tidal Bay wines produced in the region are unique to the area and are said to be shaped by the sea. 

Lunenberg, located on the south shore of Nova Scotia, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to some of the most beautiful architecture in Canada.

How to Get to Nova Scotia

There are a variety of transport options when travelling to Nova Scotia, depending on how you prefer to travel.

Trans-Canada Highway connects Nova Scotia to New Brunswick and the rest of Canada. Those coming from Quebec, Ontario and beyond will find the drive to Nova Scotia to be a long one. 

The distance between Toronto to Halifax is almost 1800 kms. It takes roughly 14-18 hours to drive to Halifax from Ontario. 

From Quebec, the distance is a bit more manageable. Montreal is located 12.5 hours rom Halifax and Quebec City is just over 10 hours away.

By Bus/Rail

There are both train and bus options for reaching Nova Scotia. Long-distance buses by Maritime Bus connect Quebec through New Brunswick to Halifax and also run up to North Sydney. 

VIA Rail offers overnight trains from Montreal to Halifax a few times per week. The journey takes up to a full day of travel time.

Halifax Stanfield International Airport (YHZ) is Atlantic Canada’s largest airport. There are domestic flights to many other parts of Canada, as well as international flights to major US cities like New York, Boston, Chicago and Philadelphia and European capitals including London.

The airport is located around 40 minutes drive from the city center, with a local bus network or taxi service available for getting to and from the airport.

Best Time to Visit Nova Scotia

There are pros and cons to traveling around Nova Scotia any time of the year.

Summer is definitely the busiest season in Nova Scotia, with the best weather occurring between June and August. Temperatures are generally pretty warm and can exceed 25 degrees C (78 F). You’ll find accommodation prices across Nova Scotia to be a bit higher in the summer, although summertime in Nova Scotia is still quieter than other parts of Canada, so it’s not a big concern. After all, summer in Nova Scotia is beautiful!

Fall can be the best time to visit Nova Scotia attractions, with fewer crowds, nice and stable weather and pretty fall colours. If you want to check out peak foliage, plan your trip from September until October. However, it can be difficult to hop on tours late in the season, as much of the tourist industry starts to die down toward the winter months.

The colder months are pretty cool and wet on the East Coast, with temperatures getting as low as -15 degrees (5 F). It’s not the best time for a Nova Scotia tour as many operators and businesses shut down for the winter. 

On the flip side, Nova Scotia offers a number of winter-specific adventures and attractions so if you can brave the chilly weather, you can enjoy wintertime in Nova Scotia and experience something very different. If you do visit, be prepared for all conditions and dress in warm layers.

The Nova Scotia tourism industry starts to come alive in Spring after a long winter. However, it can remain cool until May. Many operators will not resume business until late May, so it’s something to be aware of if you are planning a trip to Nova Scotia in late Spring. 

With that said, late Spring can be the best time to go to Nova Scotia for the outdoors and to explore some of the stunning natural wonders of the province. 

14 Best Things to do in Nova Scotia

If you’re planning a trip to the East Coast, then here are the best things to do in Nova Scotia for every type of traveler. 

1. Spend Time in Halifax

Home to one of the world’s largest harbours, Halifax is a lively and welcoming city that is worth a few days’ visit on your Nova Scotia road trip. The province’s capital is known for its excellent dining and shopping scene within the very walkable Downtown Halifax area. 

There are plenty of things to do in Halifax , from historical and cultural attractions to nearby outdoor activities and coastal scenery.  Here are just a few of our favourites!

Top Activities, Destinations and Things to Do in Halifax, NS

Halifax Waterfront: The bustling Halifax harbour area is the heart of the action in the city, with a variety of restaurants, cafes and shops. It’s also worth strolling along the Halifax Waterfront Boardwalk which passes by many other attractions in the city.

Halifax Seaport Farmers Market: Running every weekend on the waterfront, this vibrant market is one of the top Nova Scotia tourist spots. It’s conveniently located right by the docked fishing boats and cruise port in Halifax Harbour, so it offers a fun way to spend the morning.

Halifax Maritime Museum: This is the largest maritime museum in Canada, with over 30,000 artifacts on display. It has some interesting exhibits on the Halifax Explosion and the Titanic and is one of the true highlights of Nova Scotia for history buffs.

Canadian Museum of Immigration: A fascinating museum to visit, Pier 21 was the immigration point for one million newcomers to Canada between 1928 and 1971. You’ll learn about 400 years of immigration history through first-person stories, archival photos, and artifacts.

Halifax Public Gardens: As one of the finest surviving examples of a formal Victorian garden, it’s a lovely place to go for a stroll in Downtown Halifax. The garden is home to a variety of plants and flowers, as well as a number of statues and fountains.

Halifax Citadel National Historic Site: The star-shaped citadel commands a hilltop position overlooking the Atlantic Ocean and cityscape. The landmark is worth visiting to learn a bit more about the military history of the area.

Kayak Halifax: For a fun activity, Kayak Halifax offers a range of paddle and kayak tours along Northwest Arm and McNab’s Island. There are a variety of tours ranging from sunset excursions to Harbour Highlights to choose from. A great way to see Halifax from another perspective – one of our favourite experiences in Halifax.

Alexander Keith Brewery: Founded in 1820, it’s one of the oldest working breweries in North America. They offer an hour-long guided tour of the brewery, which includes a tasting.

2. Visit Peggy’s Cove Lighthouse

Located southwest of Halifax, Peggy’s Point Lighthouse is one of the most iconic landmarks in Nova Scotia. The lighthouse marks the eastern entrance of St. Margarets Bay and is still operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. 

It’s become the postcard shot for Tourism Nova Scotia and is recognizable around the world, so it’s definitely a must-see in Nova Scotia. You can explore the granite outcrop around the lighthouse, which offers spectacular sea views in all directions.

It’s less than an hour’s drive from Halifax, but there is also a small village there with a few restaurants, shops and accommodation options. 

3. Explore Cape Breton Island

As the northeasternmost island in Nova Scotia, the beautifully rugged island is worth taking some time to explore on any Nova Scotia trip. Cape Breton Island is most well-known for being home to the popular Cabot Trail road trip, but it is equally great for those who enjoy getting out to explore the dramatic scenery on one of the many hiking trails. 

The Island is home to plenty of activities and attractions to keep you busy. Here are just a few of the many things you can do while on the island:

Visit Cape Breton Highlands National Park: With stunning landscapes and plenty of trails to explore, this national park is a must-see. You can also enjoy wildlife watching, camping, and picnicking. If you only have time to hike one trail make it the Skyline Trail – and do it at sunset – trust us, the views are incredible!

Bike the Cabot Trail: This world-famous scenic route takes you through some of the most beautiful scenery in Cape Breton. The Cabot Trail is a popular road trip, but it is also a cycling route with lots of stops and lookouts along the way to take in the sweeping views. More on that in the next section.

Visit Fortress of Louisbourg: This historical site is a reconstruction of a French fort originally built in 1720. It’s a partial reconstruction of a huge 18th-century French fortress that was built in 1713. It was a pivotal location for two sieges that were turning points in the Anglo-French struggle for Canada. T oday, the fortress is open to the public and offers guided tours, exhibits, and performances. 

And of course, it goes without saying that Cape Breton Island is one of the best places to go in Nova Scotia for stunning views. The region has a number of small towns worth visiting on your road trip, including the historical capital, Sydney. 

If you’re looking for jaw-dropping views, a quick trip around this island definitely needs to be high on your Nova Scotia sightseeing itinerary. 

4. Drive the Cabot Trail

The Cabot Trail road trip is so good it deserves its own section in this guide. 

Widely considered to be one of the most scenic drives in Canada, the Cabot Trail winds its way around Cape Breton Island, following the 300 km (185 mi) road loaded with stunning scenery and plenty of opportunities to get out and enjoy the natural landscape. 

If it’s beautiful, raw views you’re after, a drive around the island on the Cabot Trail is one of the must do things in Nova Scotia.

While you could drive the entire thing in 4-5 hours, we recommend spending at least 3 days to do it justice. There are plenty of things to do on the Cabot Trail , which are worth your time and effort.

Notable Stops along the Cabot Trail

Baddeck: A beautiful small town to start or end the scenic drive, Baddeck has a strong Gaelic heritage and culture that you can experience during your visit. Located on the shores of Bras d’Or Lake, it’s a charming place to stop for a day or two to get a sample of Gaelic culture on the Cabot Trail

Cape Breton Highlands National Park: Arguably the biggest attraction of the Cabot Trail, the park is located on the northern end of the island. The park is filled with forests, rugged mountains, and winding rivers and is home to moose, black bears, bald eagles, and other wildlife. There are plenty of hiking and camping spots in the park, so it’s definitely a highlight for those who want to hit a hiking trail.

Skyline Trail: As one of the best hikes in the Cape Breton Highlands National Park, it’s a 7km (4.3 mi) walk along a trail and boardwalk with steps down the headland which opens up to a birds-eye view of the coast. It’s the perfect place to snap some photos and watch the sunset.

Sea kayak in the north: A great way to admire the Cape Breton highlands is by kayak. Cabot Trail Adventures offer half-day guided tours around the underexplored northern coastline. 

Ingonish: A popular town on the east coast of the island, known for great hiking, a stunning white sand beach, and the famous Keltic Lodge Resort , which houses the incredible Highlands Links Golf Course .

5. Go Wine Tasting in Wolfville

Located around 100 km (62 mi) northwest of Halifax, Wolfville lies in the beautiful Annapolis Valley . This central city on the eastern end of the valley has both historic and horticultural significance. It’s home to several excellent wineries and Acadian historical sites, making it one of the best places to see in Nova Scotia. 

The main street is lined with historical buildings and busy restaurants and cafes serving delicious seafood. 

The surrounding area makes up Canada’s smallest and coolest climate wine region , producing crisp wines that pair well with seafood. The pride of Nova Scotia is the Tidal Bay wine variety, a white wine blend made strictly from Nova Scotia grapes.

There are a number of great wineries to visit in Wolfville, so if you are a wine lover, plan to spend a couple of days wine-tasting.

Our Favourite Wineries in Wolfville

Domaine de Grand Pré: The oldest farm winery in Atlantic Canada. You can sample delicious reds and whites just down the street from The Tangled Garden.

Luckett Vineyards: Visit the beautiful property for a wine tasting, cellar tour, or private barrel room dinner. 

Lightfoot & Wolfville Vineyards: Certified organic and biodynamic vineyards offering German-style whites.

6. Witness Rising Tides at Halls Harbour

Hall’s Harbour is one of the best places to visit in Nova Scotia. The charming fishing village dates back to the 1770s and is located on the east side of the Bay of Fundy. Known for having some of the highest tides in the world, with a 45-50 foot (13-15 metre) change every 12 hours, this is by far the best place to watch this natural wonder right from town.

Halls Harbour Lobster Pound and Restaurant

The best way to enjoy the magic of the Bay of Fundy tides is to pay a visit to Halls Harbour Lobster Pound and Restaurant , from where you can admire the tides and enjoy a delicious lobster meal in outdoor seating. They have their own lobster pound from where you can make your selection before sitting down to enjoy the views over the bay. 

Plan your visit for a few hours after low or high tide and plan to stay for at least 3-4 hours to see the tides change right in front of your eyes. 

7. Eat Scallops in Digby

On the western side of Nova Scotia’s Annapolis Valley, Digby is a small town known as the scallop capital of Nova Scotia . For foodie travelers, it’s definitely considered one of the cool places in Nova Scotia. 

The active fishing community is well-known for its wildlife spotting and mouth-watering seafood. 

Other things to do in Digby

Digby Pines Golf Resort and Spa: A beautiful resort where you can play golf at the on-site 18-hole golf course, visit the spa, or dine on famous Digby scallops at their on-site restaurant.

Brier Island: In the summer, Whale Watching Tours depart from Brier Island, not too far from Digby.You’ll have the chance to spot endangered or rare species of whales like the Humpback, Finback and Right Whales, and seabirds. 

8. Explore National Historic Sites in Annapolis Royal 

Annapolis Royal is a historic town filled with plenty of incredible things to see and do. There are a number of Historic Sites in Annapolis Royal itself and a few more across the bay near the town of Granville Ferry. 

In town, you’ll also find waterfront shopping, heritage lodging, arts scene, and outdoor activities to explore. Despite being small, it’s one of the top Nova Scotia destinations for history buffs.

Must see Nova Scotia sites around Annapolis Royal

Fort Anne National Historic Site: This is the oldest National Historic Site in Canada, so it’s certainly a must do in Nova Scotia. The historic grounds feature a 17th-century fortress and museum. Guided tours are available

Port-Royal National Historic Site: Across the bay you’ll find a reconstruction of the Port-Royal National Historic Site – another popular attraction in the region. You can admire costumed interpreters as they put on demonstrations to recreate one of North America’s earliest settlements.   

Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens: Just east of Fort Anne, the gardens are known for the beautiful rose garden and historic homes. 

9. Hike Cape Split Trailhead

If you want to enjoy some more stunning Nova Scotia scenery in Annapolis Valley, then a hike along Cape Split Trail is worthwhile. Overlooking the Bay of Fundy, the challenging 12 km (7.5 mi) hike traverses the headland near Scots Bay.

The pretty walk offers panoramic views of the Blomidon Provincial Park, Minas Basin and Burntcoat Head Park, where the ocean floor becomes visible when the tide is out, while opportunities for some wildlife watching are also abundant. 

It’s especially scenic in the Fall, when the foliage colours have come out in full, making it a photographer’s paradise.

10. Go Tidal Bore Rafting

One of the most fun things to do in Nova Scotia is to go rafting down the Shubenacadie River. The river’s rapids are powered by the high tides of the Bay of Fundy, which moves more than 100 billion tons of water twice a day. 

Tidal Bore Rafting offers the ultimate adventure for thrill seekers, as the river turns into a raging mass of rapids when the tidal bore temporarily reverses the flow of the river. 

The Tidal Bore Rafting Resort is the best place to experience this natural phenomenon, with guided tours for all ages and lengths of time. It’s definitely one of the best places to visit in Nova Scotia in summer if you’re planning a family vacation.

11. Shubenacadie Provincial Wildlife Park

One of the many reasons for visiting Nova Scotia is to see the incredible wildlife, and there’s no better way to do that than at the 40-hectare wildlife park in Shubenacadie. It’s one of the best things to do in Nova Scotia with kids, just less than an hour’s drive from Halifax.

It’s one of the only wildlife park areas in the province being home to an incredible variety of animals, including cougars, black bears, arctic wolves, red deer, moose and bald eagles. There’s also a range of educational programs and even night tours available to learn more about wildlife.

12. Visit Lunenburg

Lunenburg is one of the best places in Nova Scotia, known for its charm. It’s often regarded as the most picturesque town in Nova Scotia and is just over an hour’s drive south of Halifax. The UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of only two urban centres in all of North America to hold that status, making it an incredible historic attraction.

It’s characterized by narrow streets and colonial buildings in bright colours. A visit to Lunenburg is like walking through a living history museum with tall ships lining the harbour and an old marine blacksmith shop on the waterfront.

Things to do in Lunenburg

There are plenty of things to do in the town to explore for a couple of days. 

Bluenose II Ship: A replica schooner of the original boat that’s featured on the Canadian dime can be found docked in Lunenburg. It’s a historically significant ship, for being undefeated in her 18-year run as a fishing and racer boat.

Lunenburg Waterfront: A stroll around the waterfront area and UNESCO World Heritage Site is a must. It’s one of the most well-known Nova Scotia tourist attractions, with fishing boats sitting in the harbour and colourful buildings lining the waterway.    

Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic: A maritime history museum that takes a look at the local fishing history, with an aquarium, historic boats and interactive displays. 

13. Go Whale Watching 

One of the best Nova Scotia activities in summer is whale watching. There are plenty of places where you can go to see whales. But, a few of the best spots are on Cape Breton Island and near Digby in Annapolis Valley.

Catching a glimpse of whales breaching off the coast is definitely one of the best things to see in Nova Scotia. So, it’s worth planning your trip around it. The best months are from May until October, so it’s definitely a Summer and Fall activity.  

Best Spots for Whale Watching in Nova Scotia

Cape breton island.

One of the best things to do in Nova Scotia in July is to go whale watching on Cape Breton Island. There are a couple of operators offering whale-watching tours in Cheticamp and Pleasant Bay. 

Around Chéticamp, you can find humpbacks, finbacks, minke, and pilot whales. Chéticamp Adventure Co and Captain Zodiac Whale Cruise in Cheticamp are two reputable local operators offering Whale Watching Tours. 

Annapolis Valley

Near Digby and around St Marys Bay is another good spot for whale watching in Nova Scotia. The waters of the Bay of Fundy are essential feeding grounds for whales, as well as several species of sea birds. During the summer, whale-watching tours depart from Brier Island

14. Explore Kejimkujik National Park

For outdoor lovers, Kejimkujik National Park is one of the best things to do in Nova Scotia, Canada. It’s a beautiful park just over an hour’s drive inland from Lunenburg. Here you’ll find ancient rock carvings, large swathes of wilderness areas with canoe routes and sandy beaches, as well as a variety of wildlife.

It’s a Nova Scotia must see for anyone wanting to learn more about the Mi’kmaw people who traditionally called the park area of Nova Scotia home. There are storytelling and petroglyph tours available for getting to know the history of Nova Scotia.

Have you ever visited Nova Scotia? What other things to do in Nova Scotia would you add to this list? 

READ NEXT: Tidal Bore Rafting in Nova Scotia Experience

About The Author

Oksana & Max St John

1 thought on “14 best things to do in nova scotia: a comprehensive travel guide ”.

Nova Scotia is such a hidden gem! Your blog captures the essence of this beautiful Canadian province perfectly. From the rugged coastline to the charming coastal towns, Nova Scotia offers a unique blend of natural beauty and maritime culture that’s truly captivating. Whether it’s exploring the historic streets of Halifax, indulging in fresh seafood, or hiking along the breathtaking Cabot Trail, there’s no shortage of adventures waiting to be discovered. Thanks for shining a spotlight on this underrated destination – it’s definitely going on my travel bucket list!

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11 top places to experience Nova Scotia

May 23, 2024 • 8 min read

From epic coastal drives to historic maritime villages to whale watching in the Bay of Fundy, read all about the best places to go in Nova Scotia © NetaDegany / Getty Images

On a map, Nova Scotia resembles a duck or a lobster – both fitting references for a province defined by its proximity to the North Atlantic.

Yet the landscapes, seascapes and, um, people-scapes in Canada ’s second-smallest province are as varied as anywhere in the country . Take an hour’s drive in almost any direction, and you’ll get a full switch-up of both scenery and cultural heritage.

A stretch of one coastline washed by the world’s highest tides is dotted with French Acadian villages and their tall stone and wooden churches. The opposite coast of rocky headlines is interrupted by great crescents of silver sand and fishing villages founded by European and Black Loyalist settlers. Between the two, the fertile Annapolis Valley plays home to an upstart wine region. In the north, undulating highlands attracted Gaelic Scottish settlers who recognized Cape Breton Island as a Scotland look-alike. And everywhere in Nova Scotia, the Indigenous Mi’kmaq have roamed for thousands of years, using the rivers as highways and the seashore as their pantry.

The hardest question? Where to focus your visit. Let us help you build a Nova Scotia itinerary filled with all the best places to visit along the province’s 7500km (4660 miles) of seabound coast.

Let us help you build your itinerary with the best things to do in Nova Scotia

Best for a day on the waterfront

A stroll along the Halifax harborside boardwalk is the best way to get to know Nova Scotia’s capital city and its rich history. Begin at the  Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 , where waves of immigrants entered Canada. Then, learn about Halifax’s grim role in the Titanic disaster at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic .

Queen’s Marque is the city’s flashy new waterfront development, complete with high-end accommodations, the city’s best restaurants and a stairway into the sea. Come evening, bar hop up the hill for live music at venues like The Carlton and the Split Crow .

Detour: Cross Halifax harbor aboard one of the bathtub-like ferries that chugs every 15 to 30 minutes to Dartmouth, whose 10-block downtown is like an urban village with a throwback feel. Chuck axes at the Timber Lounge , shop for vinyl at Taz or Renegade Records , or sip a Negroni at Dear Friend Bar .

2. Sou’West Nova

Best for exploring the province’s multicultural roots

Several culturally distinct peoples share the southern tip of Nova Scotia (known locally as Sou’West Nova). The French Shore is where Acadians resettled in 1763 following a forced exile hugs the Bay of Fundy coastline. Other Acadians settled in the Pubnico area – where today fishing boats are docked two and three abreast, seafood is served in heaping platters and the Historic Acadian Village brings their past alive. In Shelburne and neighboring Birchtown, the story of enslaved Africans who were freed and escaped themselves is told at the Black Loyalist Heritage Centre . The month-long Nova Scotia Lobster Crawl  every February animates this region with delicious events, making it a wonderful place to visit in winter.

3. Digby Neck

Best place for whale watching

A long, finger-like peninsula points from the scallop fishing port of Digby into the Bay of Fundy, which leads to ferry-linked Long and Brier Islands. From these rocky, remote knuckles of land, whale-watching tours depart all day long in search of humpback, minke, gray and rare northern right whales. Seabirds, dolphins and seals add vivacious variety to every trip.

Local tip: If speed is your thing, book a whale-watching tour aboard a Zodiac; if you want slow and steady, opt for a converted fishing boat. Either way, know your tolerance for motion sickness – and prepare accordingly.

4. Kejimkujik National Park

Best for unspoiled wilderness

There is no place further from the madding crowds (if crowds are even possible in Nova Scotia) than the lakes, rivers and trails sprawling across the swath of wilderness fondly known as Keji , where the haunting call of the loon is often the only sound.

Renting a kayak or canoe to explore the waterways is the best way to take in the park’s majesty. And don’t miss a tour of Canada’s second-largest collection of petroglyphs, led by a Mi’kmaw guide who will describe how their Indigenous ancestors etched their observations in stone.  

Detour: Book a frontcountry site for comfortable (if moderately crowded) camping. Book a backcountry site for wilderness adventure.

5. Annapolis Valley

Best for winery tours and “u-picks”

The breadbasket of Nova Scotia and home to many “u-picks” (pick-your-own farm stands), the Annapolis Valley is nestled between time-worn mountains and forested ridges. In May, the air fills with the heady perfume of apple blossoms; in the fall, the grapes get harvested and find their way into Annapolis Valley specialties like Tidal Bay , a crisp white that pairs perfectly with Nova Scotia seafood.

Detour: If you’d rather not drive, book a winery tour aboard the Magic Winery Bus or Grape Escapes .

6. Cliffs of Fundy Geopark

Best for natural history

Recently designated the Cliffs of Fundy Geopark , the Parrsboro Shore is one of the world’s richest natural history sites. Worn by the world’s highest tides, the coastal cliffs give up prehistoric ghosts in the form of fossils from the pre-dinosaur Carboniferous era. Stop at the Fundy Geological Museum in Parrsboro to experience a time when Nova Scotia was a humid swamp crawling with giant amphibians. Then head to the Joggins Fossil Centre for a guided tour of the eroding cliffs to see fossils of prehistoric trees.

Local tip: Make a stop for lunch in Advocate Harbour’s Wild Caraway restaurant, where most dishes feature locally foraged and restaurant-grown ingredients.

7. 100 Wild Islands

Best for sea kayaking

The elegant name 100 Wild Islands trips off the tongue – though this coastal wilderness is in reality a seascape of 282 tiny polka-dot specks, some forested, some beach-framed. Facing 32km (20 miles) of coastline, the seemingly endless collection of bumps above the waves is best explored via guided kayak tour with outfitters like Coastal Adventures and the Norse Cove Camping and Kayak Centre . Those who book at Murphy’s Camping can hitch a ride with the owner out to an island to gather wild mussels.

8. Chester, Mahone Bay and Lunenburg

Best seaside towns

Begin in Chester, a summer sailing destination for two centuries, by shooting a game of pool and tucking into fish and chips at the Fo’c’sle (Nova Scotia’s oldest tavern, it goes by the nickname “Chester’s living room”). In Mahone Bay, stroll by the three shoulder-to-shoulder churches and numerous artisan shops to discover why many consider this Nova Scotia’s most picture-perfect town.

The UNESCO-listed heritage town of Lunenburg is home to the Bluenose II , a replica of the famous schooner that graces Canada’s dime. This seafaring place is chock full of seafood restaurants, historic inns and ocean-themed sites like the Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic .   

Detours: From these towns, excursion options abound. Head to Peggy’s Cove to see the white lighthouse perched on ocean-sculpted rocks. Take the ferry to Big Tancook for an island day trip. Set off on a boat tour to the island that gave the TV show The Curse of Oak Island its name. Or drive to Blue Rocks, a checkerboard of coves, islands and tiny fishermen’s homes and sheds. 

9. Tatamagouche

Best for experiencing small-town Nova Scotia

For such a tiny town, Tatamagouche is both a destination in itself and a great base for exploring Nova Scotia’s north shore. Once a locale for the reality TV show The Week the Women Went , the town has re-imagined itself after a long downturn. Today, stops like Tatamagouche Brewing , Appleton Chocolates and Creamery Square – named for the town’s agrarian roots – are the rewards for a stroll down Main St.

Drive south to see the water-powered Balmoral Grist Mill (the oatcakes are delicious). Then head east to Seafoam Lavender to walk among the fragrant flowers. In Pictou, see a replica of the Hector , the ship that deposited the first Scots here.

Local tip: Stay and dine at the Train Station Inn – which occupies (yes) a former train station and railway cars, including a refurbished 1928 dining car.

10. Fortress Louisbourg

Best for immersing yourself in history

The largest historic reconstruction project in North America sits on a remote, often fog-bound point at the eastern extremes of Cape Breton Island . Entering Fortress Louisbourg evokes the French fortified outpost and town as it might have looked in the early 18th century. Inside the fortified walls, visitors encounter costumed interpreters and farm animals as they roam among 80 rebuilt structures. Dine on period-accurate meals at Hôtel de la Marine or Grandchamps Restaurant , and book an overnight stay in the comfortable Lartigue House , the barely adequate guardhouse or the downright scary prison.  

11. The Cabot Trail

Best for a scenic drive

It’s impossible to overstate the beauty of the drive around northwestern Cape Breton known as the Cabot Trail . Much of the route winds through mountaintop wilderness and coastal villages. Along the way, you’ll experience 200 years of Scottish heritage at the Gaelic College in St Ann’s, 300 years of French Acadian culture at Les Trois Pignons museum and gallery in Cheticamp, and 10,000 years of Indigenous Mi’kmaw traditions at Kluskap Ridge RV & Campground near Englishtown. In fall, the mountainsides run riot with color, making the Cabot Trail a fantasy road trip for leaf peepers.

Local tip: Begin and end a Cabot Trail drive on the saltwater Bras d’Or Lake in Baddeck. Drive north so views are on your side of the road. Take advantage of the many lookouts, where interpretive signs supplement the sheer beauty of the views.

Keep planning your trip to Nova Scotia:

• Explore the varied terrain of the province on these top road trips
• Here’s how to get around Nova Scotia
• Traveling on a budget? Here are ways to save money on your trip

This article was first published Sep 29, 2021 and updated May 23, 2024.

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7 underrated cities in california with san francisco vibes, but better, forget denver and visit this underrated alternative, quick links, fast facts about nova scotia, nova scotia - accommodations, top sights, activities & food.

• Major Cities That Make UpNova Scotia: Halifax, Dartmouth, Sydney, Glace Bay, Truro, New Glasgow.
• Timezones include: Atlantic Standard Time (AST).
• Most Populous Cities: Halifax, Cape Breton-Sydney, Truro.

Geographic Places of Note

• Mountains to see: White Hill, Franey Mountain, Wilkie Sugar Loaf, Kellys Mountain, Nuttby Mountain, Sgurra Bhreac.
• Caledonia is home to the Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site.
• Notable bodies of water include Tusket River, Bras D'or Lake, Lake Milo, Canso Canal, and Shubenacadie Canal.
• Major islands include: Cape Breton Island, Sable Island, Big Tancook Island, George Island, Oak Island.

POPULAR DESTINATIONS IN NOVA SCOTIA

Accommodations.

Budget-Friendly

Budget-friendly accommodations in Nova Scotia offer guests basic amenities, including wireless internet, television, air conditioning, and a refrigerator. Such accommodations provide a good value relative to their low prices.

• English Country Garden Bed and Breakfast , Indian Brook, Cape Breton Island
• Best Western Glengarry , Truro
• The Barrington Hotel , Halifax

Mid-range accommodations in Nova Scotia usually offer additional amenities, such as an on-site pool and complimentary breakfast. Moreover, they tend to be closer to the city center and the main attractions.

• Holiday Inn Express Stellarton-New Glasgow, an IHG Hotel , Stellarton
• Residence Inn by Marriott Halifax Dartmouth
• Delta Hotels by Marriott Dartmouth

High-end accommodations in Nova Scotia are the most expensive and offer the best amenities, including saunas, jacuzzis, spas, and pools. Rooms in such accommodations come with the best views of the city.

• Four Points by Sheraton Halifax
• Chateau Bedford Trademark Collection by Wyndham
• The Sutton Place Hotel Halifax

Nova Scotia Travel Guides

Top sights in nova scotia.

Nova Scotia is home to several unique landmarks, including the Halifax Citadel National Historic Site, Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21, and others.

• Enjoy splendid sights while driving Nova Scotia's scenic Cabot Trail
• Dover Island in Nova Scotia is a must-see
• Here's how to explore Nova Scotia's charming Oak Island

Things To Do In Nova Scotia

People enjoy doing several activities while vacationing in Nova Scotia. These include witnessing the iconic Peggy's Point Lighthouse, stunning Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site, the beautiful town of Lunenburg, and performing a handful of other activities.

• Here are the most amazing things to do when visiting Nova Scotia

Food To Discover In Nova Scotia

The fantastic scene in Nova Scotia is vibrant and exciting, and one will find the freshest food and international world-class cuisine, wineries, and breweries in this Canadian province.

• The most iconic foods to try in Nova Scotia
• Things To Do & Travel Guides

The Most Amazing Nova Scotia Road Trip Itinerary

Posted on Published: July 31, 2022  - Last updated: August 8, 2022

Categories Blog , Canada , City Guides , Nova Scotia , Road Trips , Small Town Guides , Transportation , Travel Guides

This is the ultimate Nova Scotia road trip itinerary that you’re welcome to steal for yourself! I embarked on an incredible road trip of Nova Scotia for a week and had a wonderful time. This Nova Scotia travel guide highlights a roundtrip adventure from Halifax visiting the South Shore, Yarmouth and the Acadian Shores, the Annapolis Valley and the Bay of Fundy.

Naturally, there are so many more things to do in Nova Scotia and places to visit not mentioned in this travel guide. With only 7 days in Nova Scotia, you need to choose one area of the province and focus on it. If you find yourself with two weeks in Nova Scotia, head up to Cape Breton Island and the Cabot Trail or add stops in the Northumberland Shore and Eastern Shore.

This article contains affiliate links, which help run this site at no extra cost to you.

Here’s a brief rundown of this Nova Scotia road trip itinerary, driving roundtrip from Halifax. Most road trips in Atlantic Canada and Nova Scotia start in Halifax as that’s where you’ll be taking your flight. Spend your first day and night in Halifax, and then continue to make your way around the South Shore, Yarmouth and Acadian Shores, and the Bay of Fundy & Annapolis Valley.

• Peggy’s Cove, Mahone Bay and Lunenburg
• LaHave Ferry, Kejimkujik National Park and Shelburne
• Acadian Shores and Digby
• Wolfville and the Annapolis Valley
• Bay of Fundy

Table of Contents

Nova Scotia Road Trip Map and Itinerary

This handy Nova Scotia road trip map will help you plan your journey. You can  access the map here . Feel free to save it to your Google account and reference it when you’re plotting out your trip. I’ve added every road side stop, hotel, restaurant, cafe, attraction and activity to this map. Read about each stop in more detail in this travel blog post.

Getting Around Nova Scotia

First, you’ll need to find your way to Halifax. While some people might make the road trip from Toronto to Nova Scotia or parts of the USA to Nova Scotia, the easiest and quickest way to get to Halifax is by flying. Fly to Halifax and then pick up your rental car at the Halifax airport. Here’s where you’ll find the cheapest flights to Halifax and be able to compare prices to find the best rates.

Then, you will need a rental car for this Nova Scotia road trip. For this trip, I rented my car with Authentik Canada, who I highly recommend for a car rental in Halifax . Picking up the rental car at the airport was a very easy and smooth process. You can return the rental car back to the airport at the end of your trip or even arrange an alternate location.

Authentik Canada has a wonderful website with lots of Canada road trip suggestions. They have custom built itineraries to go along with the car rental, so it’s really easy to plan and book your experience. With Authentik, you can plan 100% of your trip online, get advice from local specialists, and enjoy tailor-made personalized road trips. They also rent out RVs , too!

Nova Scotia Road Trip Day 1: Halifax

You’ve arrived in Nova Scotia and it’s time to explore Halifax! I recommend spending at least one day in Halifax before embarking on any Nova Scotia road trip. In this itinerary, we’ll spend a full day in Halifax at the start of the trip, and then another half day in Halifax at the end of the trip. If you’re looking for vegan food in Halifax, check out my Halifax vegan guide .

If you love guided tours and don’t want to plan too much today, you can always book a half day guided tour of Halifax . It includes stops around town, a trip to Citadel Hill, and a scenic drive to Peggy’s Cove. You’ll receive free time to explore and admire Peggy’s Cove, too.

Hydrostone District and North End

Do you love visiting different neighbourhoods of cities when you travel? I love going for walks around various districts of town, so I headed over to the Hydrostone District and North End of Halifax. The Hydrostone District is a National Heritage Site as the homes were all constructed with a similar English garden style theme after the Halifax Explosion in 1917.

There are many rows of colourful homes that remind me a bit more of Europe than Canada. Also, the Hydrostone Market showcases a row of interesting boutiques and restaurants that are open seven days a week. You can walk from downtown Halifax to the North End. Meander through main and residential streets on your way there to visit a variety of shops. You will also see many beautiful houses on the way.

Halifax Public Gardens

Halifax Public Gardens is one of the most beautiful places in the city, and one of the best free things to do in Halifax. Don’t miss adding this one to your Nova Scotia road trip adventure. Once you walk through the ornate wrought iron gates at the entranceways to the gardens, you’ll immediately feel any stresses of the day melt away. Wander down the various pathways to admire carpet beds, flowers, fountains and statues.

There are two concrete bridges overlooking the gardens, a collection of rhododendrons and azaleas, a tropical and cactus garden, a rose garden, and a decorative wooden bandstand. The bandstand is one of the focal points of the garden, built in 1887 and restored in 2011. It was dedicated to Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee and has been a venue for concerts for over 125 years. In fact, there were several violinists performing when I wandered through the park.

Halifax Citadel Historic Site

For the history buffs in the crowd, a trip to Halifax isn’t complete without a stop at the Halifax Citadel National Historic Site . The Halifax Citadel has a unique star-shaped structure, and you can walk around the fortified walls to see impressive views of the complex and the city.

The 78th Highlanders and the 3rd Brigade Royal Artillery demonstrate what life was like for the soldiers and their families hundreds of years ago. There are many demonstrations happening regularly throughout the day. Take a self-guided tour around the fort and through the buildings. Allow yourself at least an hour or two to fully experience the site’s exhibits and attractions.

Street Art Downtown

Downtown Halifax has so much amazing street art to discover. There are colourful walls and murals around every turn, some covering full walls of buildings. Public art is everywhere in Halifax in the form of murals, sculptures, and even interesting lighting at night.

It’s easy to take a self-guided tour of the street art downtown. There’s a full guide here , so you can view as many as possible during your day in Halifax. I walked around for a couple of hours and combined this with stops at coffee shops and a wander around the Halifax Waterfront (some murals are on buildings at the waterfront).

Halifax Waterfront

One of the most popular places to visit in Halifax is the Halifax Waterfront. It has one of the world’s longest urban boardwalks spanning 4km, from Pier 21 at the Halifax Seaport to Casino Nova Scotia. You can also tour Georges Island National Historic Site by taking a ferry from the waterfront, which I have listed as an attraction at the end of this Nova Scotia road trip itinerary.

At the Halifax Waterfront, there are tons of dining options, opportunities to go shopping, or simply walk around and admire the views. You can rent bikes or kayaks from the waterfront area, too. If you find yourself with more time, you can take a ferry from Halifax to Dartmouth for even more urban exploring.

Where to Stay in Halifax: The Westin Nova Scotian

The Westin Nova Scotian is one of the best places to stay in downtown Halifax. It’s located right on the waterfront with views of Georges Island from your hotel room window. It’s a bright and modern place to stay with many great amenities, like complimentary Wi-Fi and an in-room mini fridge.

This hotel also has an indoor heated pool and a spacious fitness centre. There’s an on-site restaurant and bar. The location is fantastic as you can leave your car behind for the day and walk all over the city. If you choose, you can take a taxi from the airport to the hotel and pick your rental car the following day. There’s a rental car stand right inside this hotel.

BOOK YOUR STAY | READ MORE REVIEWS

If you’d like to see even more places in Halifax, here is a handy map with many more accommodations and vacation rentals. Enter your desired travel dates for more accurate search details.

Nova Scotia Road Trip Day 2: Peggy’s Cove, Mahone Bay and Lunenburg

If you didn’t end up visiting Peggy’s Cove yesterday on the half day guided tour that I recommended, here’s your chance. Start your road trip from Halifax by driving to the iconic Peggy’s Cove. Then, you’ll wander around beautiful Mahone Bay before venturing off to the colourful seaside town of Lunenburg.

Peggy’s Cove

Your first stop from Halifax is Peggy’s Cove. Peggy’s Cove is home to one of the most famous lighthouses in Canada and one of the top day trips from Halifax. We’re going to start our Nova Scotia road trip in a counterclockwise direction, venturing from Halifax down to Peggy’s Cove.

The Peggy’s Cove Lighthouse is located in the tiny fishing village of Peggy’s Cove. There’s a large free parking lot for your car at the edge of the village. From there, it’s only a short walk through the village, past colourful homes and boats, to reach the lighthouse itself. You can walk on the rocks and admire the Peggy’s Cove Lighthouse from several angles, even walking right up to it if you choose.

The next stop on this Nova Scotia road trip itinerary is Mahone Bay. If you love cute small towns, you need to visit Mahone Bay. Snap a few photos of this picturesque town from across the bay for views of its three churches and rows of houses. Then, venture into town for more colourful buildings, shops and restaurants.

The Barn Coffee & Social House is a cozy spot in town to grab a coffee. There’s a welcoming atmosphere with lots of seating, plus quirky decor all around. Some other places to check out in Mahone Bay: Saltbox Brewery, Tea Brewery (amazing tea shop), and Amos Pewter.

Lunenburg was on my Canadian travel bucket list for quite some time, and I’m so happy that I had the chance to finally visit. Old Town Lunenburg is a UNESCO World Heritage Site as the best surviving example of a planned British colonial settlement in North America. 70% of the original colonial buildings are still standing today.

There are numerous streets to wander around with artisan shops, restaurants, breweries, cafes and more. I love seeing colourful buildings when I travel and you’ll see rows upon rows of them in Lunenburg. You can take a walking tour in Lunenburg for more details about its seafaring and rum-running history. Bluenose II may be in port when you visit Lunenburg. Of course, this is the famous vessel that you’ll see on the Canadian dime.

Where to Stay in Lunenburg: Salt Shaker Inn

The Salt Shaker Inn offers spacious yet cozy accommodations in the heart of Lunenburg. The rooms overlook Lunenburg Harbour with spectacular seaside views. There are four rooms in total. Two of the rooms are beautiful accommodations with private ensuite bathrooms that are perfect for couples. The other two rooms are multi-level suites with kitchenettes and sofa beds that can sleep up to four people.

Nova Scotia Road Trip Day 3: Kejimkujik and Shelburne

On day three of this Nova Scotia road trip, depart Lunenburg and head down to Shelburne. On the way, you’ll take one of the most unique ferries in the world. Stop at Kejimkujik National Park before ending the day in the historic village of Shelburne.

LaHave Ferry

Continuing this Nova Scotia road trip, take the LaHave ferry, one of the last remaining cable ferries in Nova Scotia. This short ferry ride connects East LaHave and LaHave in Lunenburg County. It saves you 35 minutes of driving, too! The ferry departs LaHave on the hour and ½ hour, and departs East LaHave on the ¼ hour and ¾ hour. You can walk or drive aboard the ferry and there is no cost.

Kejimkujik National Park

Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site is a brilliant place to connect with nature and Mi’kmaw culture. This is Nova Scotia’s only Dark Sky Preserve. Kejimkujik National Park Seaside is a protected wilderness on the Atlantic Coast with turquoise waters, white sand beaches, and plenty of coastal wildlife.

At Keji, you can view thousand year old petroglyphs, paddle along interconnected waterways, and hike through an important ecosystem. Go camping or stay in roofed accomodations: oTENTik, Ôasis, rustic cabin, or yurt.

It is possible to spend days at Keji, but you can visit for the day if you’re looking to do a hike or a paddle. I recommend spending at least a day or two here to fully experience the park. If you love outdoor activities, a trip to Kejimkujik is ideal for any Nova Scotia road trip itinerary.

Shelburne is a little town in Nova Scotia with a rich history. In fact, many movies and miniseries have been filmed here, including The Scarlet Letter and The Book of Negroes . For history buffs, don’t miss checking out the Black Loyalist Heritage Centre, Shelburne County Museum, the Dory Shop Museum, and the Ross-Thomson House & Store. You can plan your visit to the museums by visiting the official website .

Go for a stroll down the historic waterfront. Pop into The Beandock Coffee & Collectibles for a bevvie. Charlotte Lane Cafe is an amazing restaurant in town. Chef Nakul Khan is inspired by flavours from around the world and prepares creative and delicious dishes. The food I ate here was one of my favourite meals from my entire Nova Scotia road trip. Don’t miss it!

Sandy Point Lighthouse (Shelburne)

Plan out your day so you can see the Sandy Point Lighthouse at sunset. It’s located on a sandbar at the entrance of the Shelburne Harbour. At low tide, there’s a sandy beach to enjoy and you can walk out to the lighthouse. When we visited, the lighthouse was surrounded by water and the fog just started to roll in. While you can see the Sandy Point Lighthouse at any time of day, the sunsets here are astoundingly beautiful.

Where to Stay in Shelburne: Cooper’s Inn

You have to stay the night in Shelburne at Cooper’s Inn ! It’s a sweet, centuries-old B&B in the heart of the historic village by the waterfront. There are several rooms and each are uniquely decorated with antique furnishings. I spent the night in the Morrison room with views overlooking the peaceful garden below. My room also had an ensuite bathroom with an old fashioned claw foot tub. There are also modern touches like a Keurig coffee maker and a flatscreen TV.

At 5:00pm, guests are invited to join the innkeeper, Amanda, in the garden for a glass of wine. The garden is a beautiful place that guests of the inn can enjoy anytime. There are colourful flowers in bloom and lovely garden decorations throughout. It is a great meeting place where you can gather with Amanda and others staying at the B&B.

Breakfast in the morning was delicious. I requested a vegan breakfast and they truly went above and beyond to prepare a tasty dish. Oatmeal, hashbrowns, toast with peanut butter, baked beans, fresh fruit…it was a feast! When you stay at the Cooper’s Inn, you’ll be truly impressed by the attention to detail and you’ll also be made to feel right at home.

Nova Scotia Road Trip Day 4: Shelburne to Yarmouth

On day four of this Nova Scotia road trip, we drive between Shelburne and Yarmouth, making some interesting stops on the way. Islands, lighthouses, and historic homes are the focus of today. Yarmouth is such a cute town, so make sure that you try to spend at least half of your day there.

Baccaro Point Lighthouse

Did you know that there are approximately 170 lighthouses in Nova Scotia? There are so many to see beyond the one at Peggy’s Cove. While the lighthouses themselves are all so unique, I love that pretty much every lighthouse comes with a gorgeous view, too.

The Baccarro Point Lighthouse is an important seabird watching site. Baccaro is the oldest place name in Nova Scotia, coming from the Basque word, “Baccolaos” (meaning cod-fish). Baccaro Point is the southernmost point of mainland Nova Scotia, and you will find this stately lighthouse there.

Cape Sable Island

Next, continue your Nova Scotia road trip to Cape Sable Island where you will be able to witness the Cape Sable Lighthouse, the tallest lighthouse in Nova Scotia. There are a couple of vantage points where you can see the lighthouse, including The Hawk (or The Hawk Beach).

The Hawk is located on the most southerly tip of Cape Sable Island and it’s intriguing for reasons far beyond catching glimpses of the lighthouse. This white sandy beach is home to the 1,500 year old drowned forest. During low tide, take a stroll along this beach to see petrified the exposed tree stumps from the drowned forest. A portion of the Cape Sable Important Bird Area, an excellent birding area of Nova Scotia, is found at The Hawk.

Seal Island Light Museum

The Seal Island Light Museum is a museum and lighthouse replica in Barrington. You can learn about the history of the lighthouses on Cape Sable Island, Bon Portage and Seal Island. The museum is full of interesting exhibits, old lighthouse equipment and memorabilia.

There are stairs going up to multiple levels with more displays, and you can also climb to the top of the lighthouse. The light is standing but does not operate; however, it is interesting to climb the iron stairs to the top of the lighthouse regardless. This is also the only installed Fresnel lens in Nova Scotia. For fans of history and lighthouses, this is a worthy stop on Nova Scotia’s Lighthouse Route.

Pubnico Harbour Lighthouse

Here’s another pretty lighthouse for you, the Pubnico Harbour Lighthouse. The original lighthouse dates back to 1853 and has suffered some natural disasters over the years. It was replaced in 1889, partially submerged by Hurricane Edna in 1954, and suffered flooding in 1971. The lighthouse became fully automated in 1987 and still operates today.

Downtown Yarmouth and its Historic Homes

Yarmouth is an adorable town in Nova Scotia and where we’ll spend the rest of the day and night. I suggest going for a walk around downtown Yarmouth by the waterfront and down the main street. You will see all sorts of cute shops, some street art and murals, and even a brewery. There are many historic homes on the neighbouring side streets that are very well kept. Here is where you’ll find a self-guided walking tour of the historic properties.

I spent a few days in Yarmouth while attending the TMAC Conference (Travel Media Association of Canada), so I got to know the town quite well. My favourite restaurants and cafes are Gaia Global Kitchen, Mr. Gonzalez Mexican Cuisine, and Sip Cafe. Heritage Brewing Co is a great place to meet with friends over a pint or a beer flight.

Cape Forchu Lighthouse

When you travel to Yarmouth, you must visit the Cape Forchu Lighthouse. It’s situated at the southwestern tip of Nova Scotia, and it is the light for Yarmouth and its harbour. It is a very unique and tall structure, and it’s possible to climb all of the stairs to the top.

The Cape Forchu Light has always been loved by tourists, although the locals took a while to take to the newer lighthouse (built in 1962). The new lighthouse looks drastically different from the old timber tower. The scenery surrounding the lighthouse is quite magnificent. Out of all of the lighthouses that I’ll mention in this article, go to the Cape Forchu Lighthouse if you can only visit one of them.

Where to Stay in Yarmouth: Comfort Inn

The Comfort Inn in Yarmouth is a clean and convenient accommodation with friendly staff members and an excellent complimentary buffet breakfast in the morning. It’s a pet-friendly hotel if you’re travelling with your pup. There’s free parking, complimentary Wi-Fi, a spacious bathroom and a flatscreen TV with many channels.

Nova Scotia Road Trip Day 5: Acadian Shores and Digby

From Yarmouth, we explore the Acadian Shores on our way up to Digby. There are an amazing collection of lighthouses on this stretch. Naturally, they all come paired with incredible views, and every lighthouse is unique with its own story.

Cape Saint Mary Lighthouse Park

It was a very foggy day when we drove to the Cape St. Mary’s Lighthouse. The scenery from this spot really reminded me of Ireland. There are rugged cliffs and mossy rocks around the lighthouse.

This lighthouse became fully automated in 1988 and was built in 1965. It is a square concrete tower and it may be the third lighthouse on this station. The first lighthouse was constructed at this site in 1868.

Smugglers Cove Provincial Park

Smuggler’s Cove Provincial Park is a scenic and pretty place to visit. You can stop here for a picnic and enjoy the views of the cove itself. This place was where liquor was smuggled during prohibition in the 1920s. The cove becomes inaccessible during high tide, but it can be reached during low tide. It was the perfect place for hiding alcohol! You can view Smuggler’s Cove from up above or climb down the 80 steps to the ocean floor during low tide.

Belliveau Cove Lighthouse

The Belliveau Cove Lighthouse was one of the smallest and cutest lighthouses on this Nova Scotia road trip. The light is still standing and operational, though it became automated in 1993. This red square tower was built in 1889.

Belliveau Cove is the name of the village, and the park is called Parc Joseph-et-Marie-Dugas. There is a 5km coastal walking trail to explore that meanders past shingle beaches and salt marshes. If you visit on a Saturday, you can also check out the local farmers market.

Gilbert’s Cove Lighthouse

Gilbert’s Cove Lighthouse is another unique lighthouse and location on the coast of Nova Scotia’s Acadian Shores. This is a square lighthouse keeper’s house with the lighthouse lantern on the roof. Most lighthouse keepers lived in a building separate from the lighthouse itself, but this one had everything located in the same building. There are only three lighthouses left of this type in Nova Scotia.

You can go for a walk around this lighthouse, including down the rocks to the water below. It’s a beautiful location for a picnic or a walk. The lighthouse was declared a Provincial Heritage Site in 1990.

Point Prim Lighthouse

The Point Prim Lighthouse sits on Prim Point, a rocky headland and the west entrance point for Digby Gut (a deep water passage between steep shores, leading to the Annapolis Basin). The Point Prim Light is a white tower with red vertical stripes. It was built in 1964, replacing The Fundy Light, which was destroyed by fire in 1873. The new light was moved farther back from the cliff than the original towers, and it is operational to this day.

If you find yourself with some extra time after following Nova Scotia’s Lighthouse Trail, go for a wander around Digby. It’s a cute small town in Nova Scotia with shops and restaurants. The Digby Pier Lighthouse is right in the middle of town, should you wish to see another little lighthouse. You can also go for a walk on the Digby County Rail Trail.

Where to Stay in Digby: Admiral Digby Inn

The Admiral Digby Inn is a charming place to stay with picturesque views of the Annapolis Basin. Some rooms at the inn have balconies facing the sea. You can also book a private one or two bedroom cottage. The Admiral Digby Inn is close to all local attractions and activities and it’s only a short drive into downtown Digby.

Nova Scotia Road Trip Day 6: Wolfville and the Annapolis Valley

We depart Digby and the Acadian Shores on this Nova Scotia road trip on the way to Wolfville and the Annapolis Valley. Wolfville is an adorable town that’s a great home base for exploring the region. Spend your day in Wolfville and be sure to visit the nearby wineries of the Annapolis Valley.

It’s easy to fall in love with Wolfville. It’s a really cute little town in Nova Scotia that I’m certain that you’ll adore. There is a quaint downtown shopping street with cafes and restaurants. For craft beer fans, plan to stop at The Church Brewing Co for lunch and a pint. It’s a brewery and restaurant inside an old repurposed church.

The Wolfville Farmers Market is a popular attraction in town, especially if you visit on a Saturday for the weekly Saturday Farmers Market. There’s also a farm and art market store that’s open six days a week with farm fresh food, handmade gifts by local artisans, and health and beauty vendors.

Don’t miss a trip to the Harriet Irving Botanical Gardens. There’s an outdoor garden with forest walking trails and an indoor conservatory inside the K.C. Irving Environmental Science Centre building. The botanical gardens is part of Acadia University and it is free to visit.

Annapolis Valley Wineries

Have you ever tried Nova Scotia wine? There are five regions of wine producers in Nova Scotia, but the Annapolis Valley is Nova Scotia’s wine country. You’ll find half of the wineries in Nova Scotia within this small region. There are 12 wineries in total, including Lightfoot & Wolfville Vineyards, Grand Pré Winery, and Luckett Vineyards.

If you are interested in a guided wine tour, this small group Annapolis Valley wine tour takes you to three award-winning wineries and provides roundtrip transportation from Wolfville, Halifax, Windsor, Dartmouth and other locations. Even if you don’t manage to have the time for a wine tour in Nova Scotia, be sure to enjoy a wine tasting at some point during your trip. The wine here is very underrated.

Where to Stay in Wolfville: Micro Boutique Living

Would you like to stay in your own apartment in Wolfville? Micro Boutique Living Wolfville features studio, one bedroom and two bedroom apartments in the heart of downtown. These are self-catering apartments where you quickly check-in using your mobile device. They have fully equipped kitchens, queen beds, ample storage, private balconies, underground parking, and they’re also pet-friendly.

Nova Scotia Road Trip Day 7: Bay of Fundy and Halifax

The Bay of Fundy is one of Nova Scotia’s most amazing natural attractions. These are the most drastic tide changes in the world and home to the world’s highest tides. You can witness the spectacular Bay of Fundy from both Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, so I’ll show you where you need to go in Nova Scotia. Then, head back to Halifax for one final attraction on this Nova Scotia road trip guide.

Burntcoat Head Park

Burntcoat Head Park is one of the best places to experience the changing tides of the Bay of Fundy, much like Hopewell Rocks in New Brunswick. This is where you’ll find the highest tides in the world and have the opportunity to walk the ocean floor.

You can visit Burntcoat Head Park at low tide and again at high tide. While it’s generally always six hours between the changing tides, the tide schedule changes on a daily basis. I recommend visiting the official website to check the tide schedule before you plan your visit, so you can plan accordingly.

There’s a walking trail around Burntcoat Head Park and a number of local attractions in the area. The Fundy Tidal Interpretive Centre is a fantastic way to learn about the geology and history of the area. Walton Lighthouse is the only original lighthouse remaining in East Hants. There are also a number of galleries and shops featuring the works of local artisans.

There are a number of tour operators offering tidal bore rafting in Nova Scotia. While I haven’t had the chance to go tidal bore rafting yet, it’s really high on my bucket list. It’s a great way to experience the tidal bore and the rushing tides up close! No matter how you plan your visit, you must visit the Bay of Fundy on your Nova Scotia road trip.

Georges Island

After experiencing the Bay of Fundy, drive back to Halifax. It’s time to take a tour of Georges Island National Historic Site . Take a walking tour of the island and discover its defensive fortifications. You can even take a guided tour to the underground maze of tunnels beneath the island. These contain massive cannons and once stored the fort’s ammunition in a bomb-proof setting.

To get to the island, take the Ambassatours Gray Line ferry with numerous departures throughout the day. Plan to spend one to two hours on the island. Tour the tunnels, go for a self-guided walking tour of the island, and check out amazing views from the Georges Island Trail. Once you’re back in Halifax, spend the night at the Westin Nova Scotian once again before departing the next morning.

Want to see more photos of Nova Scotia?

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More Fun Things to Do in Canada

Looking for more of the best things to do in Canada and more Canadian road trips? Here are a few of our favourite trips around Canada:

• Gaspe Road Trip: 7 Days in the Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec
• Rocky Mountaineer Train Trip: From Vancouver to Banff
• 25 Best Road Trips in Ontario
• Beautiful Canadian Islands You Need to Visit

Need Travel Insurance? You should never leave home without travel insurance! Check out the best rates to make sure you’re covered in case of an emergency or accident.

Lauren is the full-time travel blogger and content creator behind Justin Plus Lauren. She started Justin Plus Lauren in 2013 and has travelled to 50+ countries around the world. Lauren is an expert on vegan travel as one of the very first vegan travel bloggers. She also focuses on outdoor adventure travel, eco and sustainable travel, and creating amazing travel itineraries for cities and small towns.

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A New England Traveler’s Guide to Nova Scotia

The best time to explore this delightful Canadian province less than a two-hour flight from Logan? Right about now.

From day trips to weekend getaways, our biweekly Traveler newsletter shows you the best of New England and beyond.

A picturesque scene on the Bay of Fundy. / Photo by Scott Munn/Tourism Nova Scotia

Lots of people know about Nova Scotia’s natural wonders—the world’s most drastic tides, the dramatic cliffs and rock formations. Some even know why Nova Scotia ships us a Christmas tree for the Common every year: In 1917, Boston sent emergency aid after two ships collided in Halifax Harbor, causing the biggest non-nuclear detonation in history. But the tiny Canadian province is also a treasury of architecture, culture, and history. It’s where the Cajun people of Louisiana’s bayous originated and where thousands of Black loyalists were relocated by the British after the American Revolution. It’s home to distinctive lighthouses, a lush wine-growing region, and six UNESCO World Heritage sites. In short, it’s fascinating, beautiful, and well worth a visit, especially in the mild summer months.

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The famed Cabot Trail is Nova Scotia’s most popular tourist route, but a less crowded way to discover many of its secrets is a road trip tracing a loop from Halifax to the south. Before leaving the capital, must-see highlights include the star-shaped Citadel , the hilltop fortress commanding the city; the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic and its unparalleled collection of Titanic artifacts; and the boardwalk that winds along the waterfront. A mere hour to the south is Peggy’s Cove and its famous lighthouse—one of the most Instagram-worthy sites in the region—and another hour-and-a-half brings you to the historic port of Lunenburg . A mix between Provincetown and Bar Harbor, its streets are lined with historic mansions, and the main wharf is home to the legendary schooner Bluenose II , which graces the Canadian dime. Further along the coast lies Birchtown , where thousands of freemen and escaped slaves created the continent’s largest free Black settlement in the 1780s. The Black Loyalist Heritage Centre beautifully conveys this overlooked chapter of history.

The iconic Peggy’s Cove lighthouse. / Photo by Gerald Zaffuts/Getty Images

To experience the ancestral land of the Mi’kmaq in all its unspoiled glory, cut inland and north through the Tobeatic Wilderness Area, designated by the Starlight Foundation as one of the world’s best places for viewing the night sky. Continuing north, you’ll emerge in wine country that’s every bit as beautiful as Napa or Sonoma. The vineyards were originally planted by French settlers who were later deported by the British and relocated to Louisiana, where their “Acadian” identity morphed into “Cajun,” but the same joie de vivre persists in towns like Grand Pré and its eponymous winery. Finally, travel to the Shubenacadie River to go tidal-bore rafting on waves up to 13 feet high, thanks to the Bay of Fundy’s massive tides. There are at least five tour operators from which to choose, and when you’re done, you’ll only be 40 minutes from the Halifax airport.

An expansive vineyard at Grand Pré Wines. / Photo by Patrick Rojo/Tourism Nova Scotia

Halifax is the shopping capital of the Maritime provinces, with chic boutiques like the men’s designer clothing store Duggers (founded by Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame hockey player Dugger McNeil), but the best finds are artisanal, locally made handicrafts, including pottery, jewelry, and artwork.

A mouthwatering dish from Beach Pea Kitchen & Bar. / Photo by Shawn Gillan/Beach Pea Kitchen & Bar

Nova Scotia is justifiably famous for its seafood, but there are a few standout restaurants serving other cuisine along this route. In Halifax, Agricola Street Brasserie serves modern takes on all the Gallic classics; the simplicity of the décor at Beach Pea Kitchen & Bar in Lunenburg provides the perfect backdrop for its superior Italian fare. Meanwhile, Le Caveau at Grand Pré Wines is a Wine Spectator award winner and lives up to all the hype.

Just outside the Tobeatic Wilderness Area, Trout Point Lodge is a luxury inn located in the heart of a protected biosphere reserve. It’s the first “Starlight Hotel” certified by Starlight Foundation, with an on-site guide who conducts nightly stargazing from specially built platforms. Other activities include forest bathing, hiking, kayaking and canoeing, berry and mushroom foraging, paddleboarding, and yoga, and a barrel sauna and wood-fired hot tub are perched at the river’s edge. Just be sure to fill up your gas tank before going; it’s truly in the middle of nowhere.

Unwinding in nature at Trout Point Lodge. / Photo courtesy of Trout Point Lodge

GETTING THERE

Air Canada and American both fly nonstop from Boston to Halifax (a sub-two-hour flight), while a ferry runs from Bar Harbor, Maine, to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, between May and October.

First published in the print edition of the July 2024 issue with the headline, “Nova Scotia.”

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The 13 best restaurants on martha’s vineyard right now, our guide to the 12 best restaurants on nantucket, why i’m quitting dating apps (for now), we’re so grateful wally’s café jazz club still exists in boston, in this section.

Mi'kmaw protocols aim to steer development in archaeologically sensitive areas

The assembly of nova scotia mi’kmaw chiefs approved the protocols in april.

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A Mi'kmaw organization in Nova Scotia has released new protocols it hopes will guide development in archaeologically sensitive areas and make conversations with federal and provincial regulators easier.

The  Mi'kmaw Archaeological Protocols , finalized after five years of consultation with Mi'kmaw communities around the province, would apply in situations where someone stumbled upon artifacts on a construction site — anything from pottery to items like hunting or woodworking tools, to cases like Nova Scotia Power's Gaspereau dam project where  work was halted  when more than 300,000 Mi'kmaw artifacts were found. 

But it would also apply before artifacts are uncovered, when there's development happening on traditional lands or in proximity to a Mi'kmaw community, or even in cases where developers want to work in good faith with the Mi'kmaq. 

"Archaeology is such a critical part of identity because archaeology is the most democratic record of the past, of what has happened and what people have thought, it's the record that people have left themselves of themselves," said Heather MacLeod-Leslie, the senior archaeologist and research manager with Kwilmu'kw Maw-klusuaqn (KMK), a group that negotiates on behalf of Mi'kmaw chiefs.

The protocols were produced by the group in 2019 under the leadership of Wasoqopa'q (Acadia) First Nation with support from KMK archaeologists. Mi'kmaw communities were given the chance to provide feedback before the protocols could be approved by the Assembly of Nova Scotia Mi'kmaw Chiefs.

'This is all Mi'kma'ki'

The protocol document lays out several expectations and recommendations, including:

• The Assembly of Nova Scotia Mi'kmaw Chiefs must be consulted on all proposed archaeological projects unless an archaeological management mechanism that meets with the assembly's approval already exists. 
• Archaeological fieldwork in Mi'kmaw traditional territories must begin with appropriate Mi'kmaw cultural practice. 
• Mi'kmaq will form part of the archaeological project team.
• Grand Council will have a recognized role in archaeological projects that respects their capacity as leaders of the Mi'kmaw Nation. 

"If you are doing something in Mi'kma'ki with an archaeological conversation to be had, this document can be used to help support a productive dialogue," said MacLeod-Leslie.

"The intention is that these are inter-jurisdictional because it doesn't matter what level of colonial government is involved, this is all Mi'kma'ki."

Duty to consult

The Supreme Court of Canada has set out specific scenarios where there's a legal obligation to consult First Nations, Inuit and Métis, including situations that infringe on Indigenous and treaty rights.

MacLeod-Leslie said in cases where a construction project may contravene a treaty right, there's a legal obligation to consult on Mi'kmaw archaeological heritage.

"That is not happening in Nova Scotia with archaeological regulations in provincial jurisdictions, and it's a real conundrum," she said.

When a project starts without considering that, there's a risk it could be stalled midway through. The new protocols could prevent this, she said, because developers would have already done the required consultation work.

"Some archaeologists are already involved in, you know, activities that really reflect the spirit and specifics of this document, so they're kind of ahead of the game."

Parks Canada is one of the proponents that in recent years has committed to full engagement with the Mi'kmaq, added MacLeod-Leslie.

Keith Mercer, who works for Parks Canada as the cultural resource manager for mainland Nova Scotia, said the federal agency has been developing a collaborative archaeology working model with Nova Scotia Mi'kmaq since 2016. 

"It's very integrated, multidisciplinary. It's a good working forum to discuss projects, planning, impact assessments, mitigation involving community, involving youth, all sorts of things," said Mercer.

'There's no more important relationship'

He said the work stemmed from a project that didn't go too well, but the two groups committed to collaboration and having further conversation.

"The relationship between Parks Canada and the Mi'kmaq of Nova Scotia is strong and it's growing … I would say there's no more important relationship for us than with the Mi'kmaq," said Mercer.

Nova Scotia's Department of Public Works, the provincial Department of Communities, Culture, Tourism and Heritage and the Halifax Regional Municipality declined to comment on the new protocols.

Nova Scotia Power, which recovered Mi'kmaw artifacts during the 2021-22 refurbishment of the Tusket main dam, said in an emailed statement that it works closely with Wasoqopa'q First Nation and the Assembly of Nova Scotia Mi'kmaw Chiefs to protect Mi'kmaw archaeological heritage.

"The lands and waters used by the Tusket hydroelectric system have been home to the Mi'kmaq since time immemorial," the utility said. "The Mi'kmaw archaeological heritage in the area is precious and irreplaceable."

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Sis'moqon is a Mi'kmaw woman from Ugpi'ganjig First Nation. She is a journalist at CBC and is part of the Indigenous Pathways program. She currently resides in Kjipuktuk, also known as Halifax. You can email her at [email protected] with story ideas.

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