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آژانس مسافرتی هواپیمایی گردون مشهد GARDOON TRAVEL AGENCY MASHHAD

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آدرس: مشهد - مشهد ،میدان راهنمایی،نبش دستغیب ۲،پلاک ۳۲

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Mashhad Travel Guide | All about Mashhad

“welcome to mashhad”.

Let’s read an ultimate Mashhad travel guide to find all essential information about the must-see destination in Iran.

When speaking from mashhad, we will remember the shrine of imam reza (as)..

Mashhad, as the Iranian religious tourism pole, is among the cities that are full of domestic and foreign passengers everywhere. Holy Mashhad located in the northeastern part of Iran and center of Khorasan Province Razavi, the city is one of the holiest pilgrim sites for Muslims.

The weather of Mashhad and the best season for travel

Mashhad’s climate is very variable due to the geographical location, but in general, temperate climates are cold and dry. So that the city has very cold and wet winters and warm and dry summer, and the average temperature in the summer reaches 43 degrees, in the winter to a negative 20 degrees.

Mashhad is very crowded in the summer because of the holidays, it is also very hot, and the price of hotels is rising, but in the winter, the town is less crowded and hotels are cheaper, but you should bear cold air. Remember that during the holidays, especially like the birth and martyrdom of Imam Reza, Tashara and Ashura, Eid al-Fitr and Eid Norouz, and religious holidays, Mashhad and shrine are very busy. Generally, the golden time to travel to Mashhad in terms of climate and population is late spring and early fall.

  What to Visit in Mashhad – Best Places in Mashha| Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Mashhad

Along with the religious aspect of the trip to Mashhad, which is a pilgrimage to the shrine of Imam Reza (AS), are some of the historical places that I suggest you visit.

The sights of Mashhad are so many that you may not be able to visit it once. Of course, many people travel to this holy city only to visit the shrine of Imam Reza (AS) and other religious places in Mashhad.

Imam Reza Shrine

The shrine of Imam Reza was formed due to the martyrdom of the eighth Imam of the Shiites, who migrated to Merv 1200 years ago at the invitation of the then caliph and was martyred in this region.

The construction of the structures of the shrine began 1000 years ago and continues to this day, and now with an area of ​​one million square meters and with courtyards, porches, museums, halls, restaurants and office complexes to a large It is the most famous religious building in the world and is a religious, cultural attraction.

Goharshad Mosque

Goharshad Mosque with its special architecture is a complete example of an Iranian mosque with an area of ​​more than 9000 square meters, built by order of Goharshad, Shahrokh’s wife in the Timurid era. Due to the proximity of this mosque next to the shrine of Imam Reza (AS) and having eight large and small entrance doors to the shrine, it is known as one of the sights of Mashhad. Goharshad Mosque has four porches, among which you will find large naves that will surprise you with their attractive mirrors and bedding. The domed arches and minarets of this mosque show themselves with beautiful beds and muqarnas.

Tomb of Nader Shah Afshar

The tomb of Nader Shah Afshar was reopened in 1342 in the Naderi Garden of Mashhad by the efforts of the National Monuments Association of Iran and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. This tomb was built in a garden with a total area of ​​14,400 square meters. The atmosphere of Nader Shah Afshar’s tomb and museum is very different and solid like him. The main area of ​​Nader Shah Afshar’s tomb is 12,000 square meters and consists of different parts such as three west, east and south porches that are connected and consist of three corridors and three stairs. The main building of the Naderi Tomb was designed by Houshang Seyhoun and its tomb was built 2 meters above the ground in the form of a tent and a nomadic tent on a twelve-step platform. Visiting Naderi Museum and Tomb, you can see the statue of Nader Shah Afshar riding a horse with three other people who are following him.

Tomb of Ferdowsi

Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi is one of the proudest Iranian poets. Ferdowsi’s tomb is located 28 km west of Toos, which was registered in the list of national monuments of Iran in April 1963.

The tomb is built in a 600-hectare garden with 945 meters of infrastructure with stone, concrete, and tiles, and there is a museum and library next to it. The architecture of the interior of the tomb dates back to the Parthian period and has 20 marble columns at the bottom and 8 columns at the top. Ferdowsi’s tomb has three parts. In the first part of the tomb is the Ferdowsi tombstone, whose dimensions reach 1 by 1.5 meters. Ferdowsi’s tomb in this section is made of marble on a platform half a meter above the ground.

Koohsangi Recreation Place

Koohsangi is one of the oldest and most famous tourist places in Mashhad, which is called because of the existence of two Rocky Mountains overlooking the city. Koohsangi Park is located southwest of Mashhad.

Torqabeh and Shandiz Mashhad ( The pleasure of nature )

In addition to unique tourist destinations, Mashhad is also famous for its delicious food and unique kebabs. When traveling to Mashhad, never forget to visit the summer areas of Torqabeh and Shandiz. Shandiz and Torqabeh are pleasant weather areas outside the city of Mashhad.

In Torqabeh and Shandiz restaurants of Mashhad, a variety of delicious kebabs and other Iranian dishes are served. The experience of serving food in seasonal restaurants in summer areas with unique climate is one of the attractions of traveling to Mashhad.

Bazeh Hoor Fire Temple (Touch the history of religions)

This ancient fire temple is located 70 km southwest of Mashhad. This unique temple and fire temple is one of the Zoroastrian religious sites that have been registered in the list of national monuments.

Bazeh means valley and Hoor means sun, which in combination with Hoor means valley of the sun. The building is made of stone and plaster. This building belongs to the late Parthian and early Sassanid periods and belongs to the third century AD. The dome of this building is made contrary to the usual method. In this building, wooden beams have been placed in the corners of the square base of the building and turned the square into an octagon. 

The Best Mashhad Food Guide

When it comes to the name of Mashhad and special food, Shishlik is the first option. Making this type of kebab in a way that is tasty and juicy requires a lot of skill, Mashhadis prepare one of the most delicious kebabs in Iran by using exceptional techniques.

One of the most delicious foods of Mashhad with a very high nutritional value is called shole, which is composed of various beans. Mashhadi shole is also registered in the list of the spiritual heritage of Iran and is mostly cooked in religious ceremonies with special etiquette.

How to find restaurants and special dishes in Mashhad?

Here we have categorized the best restaurants in Mashhad from the people’s point of view so that you can decide more easily. Restaurants like:

Eram Shandiz Restaurant

Without exaggeration, one of the best shishlik kebabs in Mashhad is also prepared in this restaurant. There are benches in the courtyard of the restaurant where you can enjoy the beautiful atmosphere. On cold days, customers sit indoors in a very modern environment.

Moein Darbari Restaurant 

Haj Asghar MoienDarbari built this restaurant during the reign of Mozaffar al-Din Shah, which is currently on the list of the oldest restaurants in Iran and Mashhad. If you go to this restaurant, do not forget to try the Moien kebab

Pesaran-E Karim Restaurant 

In fact, the most popular food of this restaurant is pilaf muscle. Many travelers come here to serve this food.

 Padideh Shandiz Restaurant

Shandiz Recreation Village is located in the Shandiz summer area. Many tourists go to this pleasant climate area just to eat shishlik kebab. 

On the other hand, if you want to try the local cuisine of Mashhad, it is better to get acquainted with them first:

Mixed pilaf is also one of the most delicious dishes and is a combination of beans and pilaf. In cooking this food, meat, rice, onion, carrot, tomato paste, and various spices are used.

Lakhshak soup is a rich source of iron. Lentils are used with hot onions, noodles, curd, and hot mint, and it is almost similar to ordinary noodle soup, which uses lentils instead of beans.

Souvenirs of Mashhad

Saffron is one of the most valuable agricultural products of Khorasan and one of the famous souvenirs of Mashhad.

Barberry is the second souvenir of Mashhad (Mashhad is one of the largest producers of barberry in the world).

Turquoise and antique have a special place in Mashhad and are included in the list of souvenirs as ornamental and decorative stones.

Nabat is one of the delicious candy souvenirs of Mashhad. Nabat is used in traditional medicine.

Best Shopping Malls in Mashhad 

There are several shopping centers in Mashhad and their number is increasing day by day, the most modern of which can be referred to as the Almas-e Shargh shopping Mall, Armitaj Mall shopping center, and Arman.

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Mashhad Travel Guide

Welcome to Mashhad , the second-largest and the holiest city of Iran, the home to Imam Reza Holy Shrine. Here is an ultimate Mashhad travel guide where you can find all essential information about how to travel to Mashhad and what to do in this must-see Iran destination.

Mashhad at a Glance

Houses Imam Reza Holy Shrine

Houses Imam Reza Holy Shrine, the most sacred place in Iran for Muslims

Capital of Razavi Khorasan

The capital of Razavi Khorasan Province situated in the northeast of Iran

Mashhad Population

the second-largest city in Iran and the home to over 3 million inhabitants

Tourist & Pilgrim

Hosts millions of pilgrims and tourists every year

Famous for its saffron and turquoise stone

Located on the ancient Silk Road

Famous for its numerous water parks

Mashhad Altitude

With the altitude of about 995 m above sea level

Medical Tourism

Major pole of Iran medical tourism

Where is Mashhad?

Mashhad is the Razavi Khorasan Province Capital located in the northeast of Iran and in the vicinity of North Khorasan, South Khorasan, and Semnan Provinces. Also, Mashhad lies between the two mountain ranges of Hezar Masjed and Binalood. Furthermore, the flying distance between Mashhad and Tehran is equal to 736 km, while its land distance  is about 891 km.

Mashhad History

Getting information about the destination’s history, especially a historic destination like Iran, is essential for every tourist. Hence, in this Mashhad Travel Guide, we present a brief introduction to Mashhad History.

Mashhad formerly was known as Sanabad village, a stop-over on the Silk Road for trade caravans coming from or heading to Turkmenistan. Afterward, it was renamed to “Mashhad” during the Safavid Era. Notably, the word “Mashhad” means “the place of martyrdom.” Accordingly, this city has got this name because Imam Reza, the eighth Imam of Shia, killed by Al-Mamun Abbasi in 202 AH, was buried in this town.

Furthermore, Mashhad got its glory during the Afsharid Dynasty, which during that period (1736 to 1747) it became the capital of Iran. Nowadays, the city is the holiest pilgrimage city in Iran. Furthermore, as it was the major oasis on the Silk Road, Mashhad houses many Iran historical monuments.

Interestingly, Mashhad sister cities are Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia and Lahore in Pakistan.

Where to Stay in Mashhad?

How to get to mashhad.

As Mashhad is the most important pilgrimage city in Iran, there are several ways to get to Mashhad. Hence, in this Mashhad Travel Guide, we introduce you to different ways to get to Mashhad.

You can enter Mashhad through Shahid Hashemi Nejad Airport. This airport covers several international flights from different countries and foreign cities such as Herat, Mazar Sharif, Dubai, Kuwait, Najaf, Beirut, Basrah, India, Doha, Muscat, Lahore and Istanbul, and more. And the foreign airlines which have flights to Mashhad International Airport are Qatar Airways, Turkish Airline, Emirates, Air Arabia, Fly Bagdad, Fly Dubai, etc. Please mention that with these airlines you can have connection flights from Mashhad to all over the world and vice versa.

On the other hand, Mashhad connects to all cities in Iran that have airports. Accordingly, there are many domestic flights between Mashhad and other Iran destinations every day. Among these flight paths, the routes from Mashhad to Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz, Kerman, Qeshm Island, Kish Island, Bandar Abbas, Ahvaz, and Rasht are highly demanded by tourists. Notably, the flight duration between Mashhad and Tehran, the capital of Iran, is about 1 hour and 5 minutes.

Finally, note that Mashhad International Airport, located 8 kilometers south of the city center, has convenient access to the city important parts and the Imam Reza Shrine. Accordingly, you can use a taxi, metro or bus to reach the airport. For your record, an internet taxi costs about 300000 rials from the city center to Mashhad airport.

Travel to Mashhad by Plane

The most economical way to travel to Mashhad is by using a bus. You can get to Mashhad from almost anywhere in Iran on a bus. However, although riding a train is the safest option, many passengers choose the bus because it is faster, and there are plenty of VIP buses from different parts of Iran to Mashhad. Notably, you can choose the night bus between Mashhad and other cities to decrease your travel expenses.

Moreover, there are several bus terminals in Mashhad. The major ones are Imam Reza Bus Terminal, Meraj Bus Terminal, and Rah-e Abrisham Bus Terminal, located not far from the city center. Mainly, there are plenty of buses that arrive in/depart Imam Reza Bus Terminal from/to all Iran cities from early in the morning until midnight. On the other hand, Meraj Bus Terminal and Rah-e Abrisham Bus Terminal are dedicated to the travels between Mashhad and the nearby towns. As Tehran-Mashhad is the most common route, there are several buses in different classes daily. Notably, you can reach Imam Reza Bus Terminal by taxi, metro, or bus.

Travel to Mashhad by Bus

You can travel to Mashhad from Iran main cities by train in different classes from the standard class to a 5-star one. The Mashhad train covers the routes to Tehran, Qom, Isfahan, Yazd, Tabriz, Ahvaz, Kerman, Bandar Abbas, Rasht, etc. Please note that the train journey between Mashhad and Tehran takes about 11 hours. Notably, you can choose the night train between Mashhad and other cities to decrease your travel expenses.

Finally, Mashhad railway station is located about 4 kilometers north of Imam Reza Holy Shrine. Accordingly, in the best possible conditions, you can reach the shrine less than 10 minutes by taxi.

Travel to Mashhad By Train

Main motorways and highways connect Mashhad to all parts of Iran. So, many passengers choose to travel in a private car as its schedule is flexible and is faster and more convenient than bus and train.

Travel to Mashhad By Car

What do you know about mashhad attractions, how to move around mashhad.

Although most of the pilgrims prefer to stay in a place that has easy access to Imam Raza Shrine, Mashhad has more points of interest to offer. So, the information about transportation in Mashhad is essential for every tourist. Hence, in this Mashhad Travel Guide, we introduce you to different ways to move around Mashhad. In any case, you can rent a private car with a driver, use taxis or public transports such as buses or the metro.

Get around Mashhad in Taxi

You can use an internet Taxi called Snapp and TAPSI. These kinds of Taxis work like Uber. You can download the application on your phone and easily take an internet taxi within a few minutes wherever you are. Also, you can pay the taxi fee in cash (Rials).

Another option is to get a taxi through a “telephone taxi agency.” These taxis will get you to the destination and also wait for you whenever you want. To get this kind of taxi, you can ask your hotel reception or your Iranian friend to do it for you.

Get around Mashhad in Metro

There are also metro lines in Mashhad, which takes you to the Imam Raza Shrine, tourist attractions Imam Reza Bus Terminal, Mashhad International Airport, Mashhad Railway Station. Notably, the metro system of Mashhad is fast and convenient.

Get around Mashhad in Bus

Although the bus system covers all Mashhad parts, the bus stations are sometimes confusing for a foreign traveler. However, you can get complete information about your destination station and the bus that you should get from the locals and use this kind of transportation. Also, you can use the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT) in most parts of Mashhad. Notably, there are separate men’s and ladies’ sections on each bus.

Get around Mashhad in Private Car with Driver

Although renting a private car with a driver is the most expensive option to get around Mashhad, it is the fastest and most convenient choice. Besides, you can rent a car with a driver for one day to go to the tourist attractions that are located around Mashhad, such as Torghabeh, Shandiz, Tus Village, and more. The expense of renting a private sedan car with a driver per day starts about 3000000 rials.

What to Eat in Mashhad?

Where to eat in mashhad best restaurants in mashhad.

In recent years, visiting restaurants and tasting different foods have become one of the most attractive activities during a trip. It is interesting to know that this issue has been taken very seriously in Iran and you can find excellent and even international restaurants in the cities of this country. However, you are in Iran for a short time, and it is better to go for the best options in this limited time.

 Accordingly, selecting a good restaurant in Mashhad, where there are restaurants on every corner, is very difficult. So, if you want to taste delicious and quality food in the best restaurants in Mashhad during your trip, join us in this Mashhad travel guide.

Moein Darbari Restaurant

One of the old and very well-known restaurants in Mashhad is Moein Darbari Restaurant. The style of this restaurant is quite traditional, and its walls and ceiling are entirely mirrored. The most famous dish of Moein Darbari restaurant is Shishlik, which we suggest you try.

Pesaran-e Karim Restaurant

One of the old and famous restaurants in Mashhad is Pesaran-e Karim Restaurant. The quality of the food in this traditional restaurant is unparalleled, and at the same time, it has a reasonable price. Pesaran-e Karim Restaurant has three branches in Mashhad city on Sajad Boulevard, Khayam Boulevard, and Daneshgah Street. Finally, The most popular food of this Restaurant is “Chelo Mahiche,” which has a unique taste.

Padideh Shandiz Restaurant

Padideh Shandiz Restaurant, located in the mountainous and beautiful region of Shandiz, is one of the oldest and most popular restaurants in Mashhad. Actually, Padideh Shandiz Restaurant consists of three restaurants, including an international restaurant, a buffet restaurant, and the summer restaurant. Moreover, a bird garden in this complex has created an attractive atmosphere in this restaurant.

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3 September 2024

Photos: Pilgrims walk to Imam Reza (a.s.) shrine in last days of Safar

AhlulBayt News Agency (ABNA): At the same time as the anniversary of the martyrdom of Hazrat Reza (AS), pilgrims and mourners from the provinces and cities around Mashhad travel the route on foot to visit the shrine of Imam Reza (AS).

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Planning Your Trip

Exploring mashhad.

If a few days to visit Mashhad is all you have, the below itinerary will give you good overview and feel for what makes visiting Mashhad so special

Suggested itinerary for a 1-day trip: Morning: Visit the Holy Shrine Complex, anthropology museum, and Nader Shah Mausoleum. Afternoon: Have lunch within the city. Then visit Ferdowsi Tomb, Harounieh, and have dinner in Torghabeh or Shandiz or visit the Miniature Park and have dinner within the city limits.

Suggested itinerary for a 2-day trip: Morning: Visit the Imam Reza Holy Shrine Complex, anthropology museum, and Nader Shah Mausoleum. Afternoon: Have lunch within the city then visit Ferdowsi Tomb, Harounieh and have dinner in Torghabeh or Shandiz or visit the Miniature Park and have dinner within the city limits. 2nd day: Morning/noon: Visit the 3000-year old stacked-village of Kang and have lunch in Torghabeh. Afternoon: Visit Chalidarreh Tourist Complex and the Besat Shopping Center or walk around the city Square and shop at the local stores. Have dinner in Torghabeh.

Suggested itinerary for a 3-day trip: 1st day: Morning: Visit the Great Museum of Khorasan, Koohsangi Park, have lunch at the Kooh Sangi restaurant. Afternoon: Visit the Tomb of Nader Shah and Mashhad Botanical Garden. Have dinner within the city. 2nd day: Morning: Visit the Holy Shrine Complex, anthropology museum, and Carpet Bazaar. Have lunch at a traditional restaurant. Afternoon: Visit Gonbad Sabz, Darougheh Historical House, Shopping center and Miniature Park. Have lunch within the city. 3rd day: A full-day journey to Neyshabour, Darroud waterfall and village, visit Attar Mausoleum, Khayyam Mausoleum, Wooden Mosque, Jame (Grand) Mosque and 2 famous Caravansaries dating back to the 16th century. Have lunch in Neyshabour.

Suggested itinerary for 5-day trip: 1st Day: Morning: Visit the Holy Shrine Complex, anthropology museum and King Nader Mausoleum. Have lunch within the city. Afternoon: Visit the Ferdowsi Tomb, Harounieh and have dinner in Torghabeh or Shandiz or visit the Miniature Park. 2nd day: Morning: Visiting the 3000 years old stacked village of Kang, have lunch in Torghabeh. Afternoon: Visit Chalidarreh Tourist Complex and Besat shopping center or walk around Torghabeh Square and do some shopping at the local stores. 3rd Day: Morning: Visit Ferdowsi Tomb, Harounieh and Akhangan Tower, and have lunch in Shandiz. Afternoon: Visiting Zoshk countryside and Veirani Anthropology museum. 4th day: Morning: Visit the Great Museum of Khorasan, Koohsangi Park and have lunch at the Park restaurant. Afternoon: Visit the Tomb of Nader Shah and Mashhad Botanical Garden.

Getting Around Town

Public Busses

The buses are modern CNG buses and its service runs just like the rest of the world. Passengers can wait at designated bus stops conveniently placed on all major boulevards and streets and important side streets and they run every 15 minutes, although they may be jam-packed during the holiday and pilgrim seasons and during the start and end of the workday. Working hours are 5:50 am to 8 pm. Public Buses use the Man Kart system. You must buy the card for a nominal fee at any Metro station and then charge it for use. Depending on how much you want to use the Metro you can charge it for 2,000, 5,000 tomans or more.

Mashhad presently has two lines that run above and underground. Line 1 goes from the Hashemi Nejad airport to the end of Vakilabad Blvd. Line 2 goes from Tabarsi Staton to Dr. Shariati Sq. Both lines are open from 6 am to 10 pm and on holidays from 7 am to 10 pm. The Metro uses the Man Kart system. You must buy the card for a nominal fee at any Metro station and then charge it for use. Depending on how much you want to use the Metro you can charge it for 2,000, 5,000 tomans or more.

Taxi Service

The municipality and private companies provide street and private taxi services. Every car used for taxi service must be registered and display a permit sticker on its window shield. Taxi agencies jointly operated by the municipality are 1830, 1829 and 133. All of these taxis are determined by the meter. They are assessable by simply dialing one of these numbers, hailing one on the street, or waiting at assigned taxi stands. It's very easy to get a taxi in front of the Holy Shrine or other high traffic areas. Hotels also provide taxi and shuttle services for its patrons. When using street taxis it is best to ask and negotiate the fare before riding with them. Passengers can rent a taxi hourly or for long distance trips out of the city but it is best to ask and negotiate the fare ahead of time. Traveling by taxi is relatively safe; however, as in any other place in the world, normal precautions should always be taken.

Accomodations

Hotels & Motels

Many accommodations are located around the Holy Shrine so out-of-town pilgrims can conveniently go directly from the terminal to their hotel. But, note that since Mashhad is a pilgrimage city, with over 20 million visiting annually, booking a hotel can be very difficult during peak seasons. The best bet is to have a ticket agency in your country that offers full service in Iran to book a hotel for you or have a friend in Iran do it for you; note they will have to leave a deposit. A cultural point (ta'arouf): make sure to reimburse the person who made a cash deposit for you, as Iranians will never ask for the money back. There are a variety of hotels to select from. From the low priced hostels (mehmonsarah or mosofer’khaneh), apartment hotels/suites (for extended stay) to luxurious 5-star hotels. Compared to other Iranian cities, Mashhad has the most hotels. When checking in, all hotel guests must leave their foreign passport, national card (Melli card), or Iranian birth certificate at the front desk for the duration of their stay. There is a difference in price between foreign and Iranian guests; however, during the low season most hotels will forgo this and charge you the lowest price possible. It is impossible to negotiate prices in high season, but in low season, you can get a good deal without the required deposit to reserve a room. Peak season: the Persian New Year holiday (March 20 and lasting for 2 weeks), the first 10 days of the Arabic month of Muharram and then the anniversary of the martyrdom of Imam Reza (pbuh) that is 8 days after Arbaeen, and summer from about June 22 to September 23. Low season: begins at the start of the academic school year, which is September 23 or the 1st of Mehr on the Persian calendar and extends to about 2 weeks before the Persian New Year. You get what you pay for! In Iran the saying You pay for what you get really holds true. Hostels (meh’mon’sarah or mo’safer’khaneh), and 1- to 2-star hotels are economical. They are usually large rooms with no furniture, just some basic bedding; usually toilets and showers are shared. If you decide to stay in one of these, it is not a bad idea to bring your own sheets or sleeping bag. Two-star hotels will most likely have single beds, heat and a/c, a shared Iranian toilet and shower with no toilet paper, towels, or soap. You will have to make local phone calls at the desk and most likely there will not be any English speaking staff. Hotels in the 3-star range may have one or two rooms with a western toilet, 4- to 5-star hotels will definitely have more rooms with western toilets. All bathrooms and showers are private, with towels, soap, tissues, toilet paper, private phone, taxi service, shops, and other amenities usually found in western hotels and the staff of 4- and 5-star hotels will most likely speak English.

Houses/Villas for rent

If you'd like to rent a house or villa in the city or countryside for a day or more, it's better to ask an Iranian friend or relative to help you. But, if it's not possible then you can use a reliable real estate agency or ticket agency to help you. Usually, their requirements are like a hotel, a deposit to reserve, pay in full before or at time of receiving the key, and leaving some form of identity at the office.

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About Mashhad

Covering an area of 318 square km , Mashhad is the second most populous city in Iran and capital of Razavi Khorasan Province. It is located in the northeast of the country, close to the borders of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. Its population is 3,131,586 .  It was a major oasis along the ancient Silk Road connecting with Merv in the East.

The city is most famous and revered for housing the tomb of Imam Reza, the eighth Shia Imam.

At the beginning of the 9th century (3rd century AH), Mashhad was a small village called Sanabad situated 24 km away from Tous. There was a summer palace of Humayd ibn Qahtaba, the governor of Khurasan. In 808, when Harun al-Rashid, Abbasid caliph, was passing through there to settle down the insurrection of Rafi ibn al-Layth in Transoxania, he became ill and died. He was buried under the palace of Humayd ibn Qahtaba. Several years later in 818 Ali al-Ridha was martyred by al-Ma’mun and was buried beside the grave of Harun.

After this event, the city was called Mashhad al-Ridha (the place of martyrdom of al-Ridha). Shias started visiting there for pilgrimage of his grave. By the end of the 9th century, a dome was built on the grave and many buildings and bazaars sprang up around it. During more than a millennium it has been devastated and reconstructed several times.

It was not considered a great city until Mongol raids in 1220, which caused the destruction of many large cities in Khurasan, leaving Mashhad relatively intact.

Later on, during the reign of the Timurid Shahrukh Mirza, Mashhad became one of the main cities of the realm. In 1418, his wife Goharshad funded the construction of an outstanding mosque beside the shrine, which is known as the Goharshad Mosque.The mosque remains relatively intact to this date, its great size an indicator to the status the city held in the 15th century.

Shah Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty, conquered Mashhad after the death of Husayn Bayqarah and the decline of the Timurid dynasty. Mashhad was later captured by the Uzbeks during the reign of Shah Abbas I, only to be retaken by the Shah Abbas in 1597 after a long and hard struggle, defeating the Uzbeks in a great battle near Herat as well as managing to drive them beyond the Oxus River.

Shah Abbas I wanted to encourage Iranians to go to Mashhad for pilgrimage. He is said to have walked from Isfahan to Mashhad. During the Safavid era, Mashhad gained even more religious recognition, becoming the most important city of Greater Khorasan, as several madrasah and other structures were built besides the Imam Reza shrine.

Besides its religious significance, Mashhad has played an important political role as well. It saw its greatest glory under Nadir Shah, ruler of Iran from 1736 to 1747 and also a great benefactor of the shrine of Imam Reza, who made the city his capital. Mashhad was ruled by Shahrukh Afshar and remained the capital of the Afsharid dynasty during Zand dynasty until Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar conquered the then larger region of Khorasan in 1796.

In 1912, the sanctuary of Imam Reza was bombed by the Russian artillery fire , causing some damage, including to the golden dome, resulting in a widespread and persisting resentment in the Shiite Muslim world.

In 1935, a backlash against the modernizing, anti-religious policies of Reza Shah erupted in the Mashhad shrine. Responding to a cleric who denounced the Shah’s heretical innovations, corruption and heavy consumer taxes, many bazaaris and villagers took refuge in the shrine, chanted slogans such as “The Shah is a new Yazid.” For four days local police and army refused to violate the shrine and the standoff was ended when troops from Azerbaijan arrived and broke into the shrine, killing dozens and injuring hundreds, and marking a final rupture between Shi’ite clergy and the Shah.

Climate and weather: In Mashhad, the climate is warm and temperate. The winter months are much rainier than the summer months in Mashhad. This climate is considered to be Csa according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. In Mashhad, the average annual temperature is 19.5 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is 590 mm

The driest month is June. There is 0 mm of precipitation in June. Most of the precipitation here falls in January, averaging 160 mm.

With an average of 26.7 °C, August is the warmest month. January is the coldest month, with temperatures averaging 11.6 °C.

Demographics:

The mashhadis are mostly Persians but there are also some Turk and kurd minorities.

The majority of mashhadis are twelver shias but there are also followers of baha’I islam and Christianity.

Transportation: All sorts of public transportation are available in Mashhad to get around the city like: buses , taxis and metro .

Mashhad has a railway station 3 bus terminals and an international airport (Hashemi Nezhad intl. airport)

Tourism : Regarding its special value in the Islamic world , Every year , millions of pilgrims  travel to mashhad to visit the Imam Reza shrine and pay their tributes to Imam Reza, but mashhad is also home to some natural and historical sites such as: The tomb of nader shah and Kooh-sangi.

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Ferdowsi’s tomb.

• City: Mashhad
• Categories: Historical

Darvishi Hotel

International Climate & Tourism Partners

Hamsafaran Mashad Travel Company, Iran

International tour and travel agency established in 1994 active in inbound, outbound and medical tourism. Located in  Mashhad.

Twice appointed Best Travel Agency in Iran.

Member of WATA, UFTAA

by  Shahrzad Moayeri

http://www.hmita.com

ORGANIZER CHAPTER  Mashhad, Iran [email protected]

PH + 98-5137676476

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tv   [untitled]    September 4, 2024 7:00pm-7:30pm IRST

[untitled] September 4, 2024 7:00pm-7:30pm IRST

This transcription, and an English translation, were generated by the GDELT Project, using Google Cloud APIs. There may be errors and omissions in the resulting text.

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Uploaded by TV Archive on September 4, 2024