safari open file developer tools

How-To Geek

How to turn on the develop menu in safari on mac.

The Develop menu lets you view page source in Safari on Mac.

Quick Links

How to enable the develop menu in safari on mac, how to view page source in safari on mac.

When you right-click on any web page in Safari on Mac, it doesn't reveal the Show Page Source and Inspect Element buttons. To see these, you need to enable the Develop menu---we'll show you how to do that.

Once you've enabled the Develop menu, right-clicking a blank space on any website will reveal the Inspect Element and Show Page Source buttons. These allow you to take a look at the source code of any website, which is useful for things like downloading images from websites and debugging code or finding out what it looks like behind any site (for website designers).

You can easily turn on the Develop menu in Safari by following a couple of steps. Open Safari on your Mac and click the "Safari" button in the menu bar.

Next, select "Preferences." Alternatively, you can use the keyboard shortcut Command+, (comma). This will also open up Safari preferences.

Go to the "Advanced" tab.

Check the box for "Show Develop Menu in Menu Bar."

Now the Develop menu will appear between Bookmarks and Window at the top.

Apart from being able to view the page source, this will allow you to access developer-focused features, such as disabling JavaScript on any website.

Once you've enabled the Develop menu, there are a couple of ways to view the page source in Safari.

Open any website in Safari and right-click the blank space on the page. Now, select "Show Page Source." You can also get to this menu by using the keyboard shortcut Option+Command+u.

If you're looking for images or other media elements from any web page, Safari makes it easy to find these. In the left-hand pane, you will see various folders such as Images, Fonts, etc. Click the "Images" folder to quickly find the photos that you need.

After selecting an image, you can view its details easily by opening up the details sidebar. The button to open this is located at the top-right of the console, just below the gear icon. You can also open this with the shortcut Option+Command+0.

Click "Resource" at the top of the details sidebar to view details, such as the size of the image and its full URL.

You can change the position of the page source console easily, too. There are two buttons at the top-left of this console, right next to the X button. Click the rectangle icon to move the console to a different side within the browser window.

If you'd like to open the page source console in a separate window, you can click the two-rectangles icon. This will detach the console and open it in a separate window.

To check out the code for any specific element on the page, you can right-click that element and select "Inspect Element." This will take you directly to the code for the element that you selected.

Whenever you're done looking at the code, click the X button to close the page source console and return to browsing on Safari. You can also check out how to view a website's page source in Google Chrome  here.

Related: How to View the HTML Source in Google Chrome

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What are browser developer tools?

Every modern web browser includes a powerful suite of developer tools. These tools do a range of things, from inspecting currently-loaded HTML, CSS and JavaScript to showing which assets the page has requested and how long they took to load. This article explains how to use the basic functions of your browser's devtools.

Note: Before you run through the examples below, open the Beginner's example site that we built during the Getting started with the Web article series. You should have this open as you follow the steps below.

How to open the devtools in your browser

The devtools live inside your browser in a subwindow that looks roughly like this, depending on what browser you are using:

How do you pull it up? Three ways:

• Windows: Ctrl + Shift + I or F12
• macOS: ⌘ + ⌥ + I

• Chrome: More tools ➤ Developer tools
• Safari: Develop ➤ Show Web Inspector. If you can't see the Develop menu, go to Safari ➤ Preferences ➤ Advanced , and check the Show Develop menu in menu bar checkbox.
• Opera : Developer ➤ Developer tools
• Context menu: Press-and-hold/right-click an item on a webpage (Ctrl-click on the Mac), and choose Inspect Element from the context menu that appears. ( An added bonus: this method straight-away highlights the code of the element you right-clicked.)

The Inspector: DOM explorer and CSS editor

The developer tools usually open by default to the inspector, which looks something like the following screenshot. This tool shows what the HTML on your page looks like at runtime, as well as what CSS is applied to each element on the page. It also allows you to instantly modify the HTML and CSS and see the results of your changes reflected live in the browser viewport.

If you don't see the inspector,

• Tap/click the Inspector tab.
• In Chrome, Microsoft Edge, or Opera, tap/click Elements.
• In Safari, the controls are not so clearly presented, but you should see the HTML if you haven't selected something else to appear in the window. Press the Style button to see the CSS.

Exploring the DOM inspector

For a start, right-click (Ctrl-click) an HTML element in the DOM inspector and look at the context menu. The available menu options vary among browsers, but the important ones are mostly the same:

• Delete Node (sometimes Delete Element ). Deletes the current element.
• Edit as HTML (sometimes Add attribute / Edit text ). Lets you change the HTML and see the results on the fly. Very useful for debugging and testing.
• :hover/:active/:focus . Forces element states to be toggled on, so you can see what their styling would look like.
• Copy/Copy as HTML . Copy the currently selected HTML.
• Some browsers also have Copy CSS Path and Copy XPath available, to allow you to copy the CSS selector or XPath expression that would select the current HTML element.

Try editing some of your DOM now. Double-click an element, or right-click it and choose Edit as HTML from the context menu. You can make any changes you'd like, but you cannot save your changes.

Exploring the CSS editor

By default, the CSS editor displays the CSS rules applied to the currently selected element:

These features are especially handy:

• The rules applied to the current element are shown in order of most-to-least-specific.
• Click the checkboxes next to each declaration to see what would happen if you removed the declaration.
• Click the little arrow next to each shorthand property to show the property's longhand equivalents.
• Click a property name or value to bring up a text box, where you can key in a new value to get a live preview of a style change.
• Next to each rule is the file name and line number the rule is defined in. Clicking that rule causes the dev tools to jump to show it in its own view, where it can generally be edited and saved.
• You can also click the closing curly brace of any rule to bring up a text box on a new line, where you can write a completely new declaration for your page.

You'll notice a number of clickable tabs at the top of the CSS Viewer:

• Computed : This shows the computed styles for the currently selected element (the final, normalized values that the browser applies).
• Box Model : represents visually the current element's box model, so you can see at a glance what padding, border and margin is applied to it, and how big its content is.
• Grid : If the page you are inspecting uses CSS Grid, this section allows you to view the grid details.
• Fonts : In Firefox, the Fonts tab shows the fonts applied to the current element.

Find out more

Find out more about the Inspector in different browsers:

• Firefox Page inspector
• Chrome DOM inspector (Opera's inspector works the same as this)
• Safari DOM inspector and style explorer

The JavaScript debugger

The JavaScript debugger allows you to watch the value of variables and set breakpoints, places in your code that you want to pause execution and identify the problems that prevent your code from executing properly.

To get to the debugger:

Chrome : Open the Developer tools and then select the Sources tab. (Opera works the same way.)

Safari : Open the Developer Tools and then select the Debugger tab.

Exploring the debugger

There are three panes in the JavaScript Debugger on Firefox.

The first pane on the left contains the list of files associated with the page you are debugging. Select the file you want to work with from this list. Click on a file to select it and view its contents in the center pane of the Debugger.

Source code

Set breakpoints where you want to pause execution. In the following image, the highlight on the number 18 shows that the line has a breakpoint set.

Watch expressions and breakpoints

The right-hand pane shows a list of the watch expressions you have added and breakpoints you have set.

In the image, the first section, Watch expressions , shows that the listItems variable has been added. You can expand the list to view the values in the array.

The next section, Breakpoints , lists the breakpoints set on the page. In example.js, a breakpoint has been set on the statement listItems.push(inputNewItem.value);

The final two sections only appear when the code is running.

The Call stack section shows you what code was executed to get to the current line. You can see that the code is in the function that handles a mouse click, and that the code is currently paused on the breakpoint.

The final section, Scopes , shows what values are visible from various points within your code. For example, in the image below, you can see the objects available to the code in the addItemClick function.

Find out more about the JavaScript debugger in different browsers:

• Firefox JavaScript Debugger )
• Microsoft Edge Debugger
• Chrome Debugger
• Safari Debugger

The JavaScript console

The JavaScript console is an incredibly useful tool for debugging JavaScript that isn't working as expected. It allows you to run lines of JavaScript against the page currently loaded in the browser, and reports the errors encountered as the browser tries to execute your code. To access the console in any browser:

If the developer tools are already open, click or press the Console tab.

This will give you a window like the following:

To see what happens, try entering the following snippets of code into the console one by one (and then pressing Enter):

Now try entering the following incorrect versions of the code and see what you get.

You'll start to see the kind of errors that the browser returns. Often these errors are fairly cryptic, but it should be pretty simple to figure these problems out!

Find out more about the JavaScript console in different browsers:

• Firefox Web Console
• Chrome JavaScript Console (Opera's inspector works the same as this)
• Safari Console
• Debugging HTML
• Debugging CSS

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Use the developer tools in the Develop menu in Safari on Mac

If you’re a web developer, the Safari Develop menu provides tools you can use to make sure your website works well with all standards-based web browsers.

If you don’t see the Develop menu in the menu bar , choose Safari > Settings, click Advanced, then select “Show features for web developers.”

Open Safari for me

How To Get Developer Tools In Safari

• Software & Applications
• Browsers & Extensions

Introduction

Safari, the sleek and innovative web browser developed by Apple, is known for its user-friendly interface and seamless integration with Apple devices. While Safari offers a smooth browsing experience for users, it also provides powerful tools for web developers to create and optimize websites and web applications. One of the key features that sets Safari apart is its built-in Developer Tools, which offer a comprehensive set of resources for web development and debugging.

Whether you are a seasoned web developer or just starting out, having access to Safari's Developer Tools can significantly enhance your workflow and productivity. These tools enable you to inspect and modify web page elements, debug JavaScript, analyze network activity, and optimize website performance, among other capabilities. By leveraging Safari's Developer Tools, you can gain valuable insights into the structure and behavior of web pages, identify and troubleshoot issues, and fine-tune the performance of your web projects.

In this article, we will delve into the process of enabling and utilizing Safari's Developer Tools for web development. We will explore the various features and functionalities offered by these tools, providing practical insights and tips for leveraging them effectively. Whether you are a web developer, designer, or simply curious about the inner workings of websites, this guide will equip you with the knowledge and skills to harness the full potential of Safari's Developer Tools.

Let's embark on a journey to uncover the hidden gems of Safari's Developer Tools and unlock the power of web development within the confines of this innovative browser . Whether you're seeking to enhance your web development skills or gain a deeper understanding of web technologies, Safari's Developer Tools are your gateway to a world of possibilities. So, without further ado, let's dive into the realm of web development with Safari as our trusted companion.

Enabling Developer Tools in Safari

Enabling Safari's Developer Tools is a straightforward process that unlocks a treasure trove of functionalities for web development. Whether you're a seasoned developer or a curious enthusiast, accessing these tools can significantly enhance your web development experience within the Safari browser .

To enable Developer Tools in Safari, follow these simple steps:

Open Safari Preferences : Launch Safari and navigate to the "Safari" menu located in the top-left corner of the screen. From the drop-down menu, select "Preferences."

Access Advanced Settings : In the Preferences window, click on the "Advanced" tab. This will reveal a set of advanced settings for Safari.

Enable Develop Menu : Within the Advanced tab, locate the option labeled "Show Develop menu in menu bar" and ensure that it is checked. This action activates the Develop menu, which houses a plethora of web development tools and features.

Verify the Development Menu : After enabling the Develop menu, you should see it appear in the menu bar at the top of the screen, alongside other Safari menu options.

Once you have completed these steps, Safari's Developer Tools will be readily accessible, empowering you to delve into the intricacies of web development and gain valuable insights into the structure and behavior of web pages.

By enabling Developer Tools in Safari, you gain access to a suite of powerful resources that can elevate your web development capabilities. From inspecting and modifying web page elements to analyzing network activity and optimizing website performance, Safari's Developer Tools provide a comprehensive toolkit for enhancing your web projects.

With Developer Tools at your fingertips, you are poised to embark on an enriching journey through the realms of web development, armed with the tools and insights needed to create, optimize, and fine-tune captivating web experiences within the Safari browser.

Using Developer Tools for Web Development

Safari's Developer Tools offer a robust set of features and functionalities that empower web developers to streamline their workflows, troubleshoot issues, and optimize web projects. By leveraging these tools, developers can gain valuable insights into the inner workings of web pages and applications, ultimately enhancing the user experience and performance of their creations.

Inspecting and Modifying Web Page Elements

One of the fundamental capabilities of Safari's Developer Tools is the ability to inspect and modify web page elements in real time. By right-clicking on any element within a web page and selecting "Inspect Element," developers can access a detailed view of the HTML and CSS properties associated with that element. This feature is invaluable for understanding the structure and styling of web pages, allowing developers to make on-the-fly adjustments and see the immediate impact on the page layout.

Debugging JavaScript and Analyzing Console Output

Safari's Developer Tools include a robust JavaScript debugger, enabling developers to identify and resolve issues within their JavaScript code. By setting breakpoints, stepping through code, and examining variable values, developers can pinpoint and troubleshoot errors, ultimately improving the functionality and reliability of their web applications. Additionally, the console within Developer Tools provides a space for logging messages, errors, and warnings, offering valuable insights into the runtime behavior of JavaScript code.

Network Analysis and Performance Testing

Another powerful aspect of Safari's Developer Tools is the network panel, which allows developers to analyze network activity and optimize the performance of web pages. By monitoring network requests, loading times, and resource sizes, developers can identify opportunities for optimization, such as minimizing file sizes, leveraging caching strategies, and reducing unnecessary network requests. This capability is instrumental in creating fast and efficient web experiences for users across various devices and network conditions.

Modifying and Testing CSS in Real Time

Safari's Developer Tools provide a seamless environment for modifying and testing CSS styles directly within the browser. Developers can experiment with different styles, colors, and layouts, observing the immediate effects on web page elements. This real-time feedback accelerates the design and development process, allowing developers to fine-tune the visual presentation of their websites with precision and agility.

Leveraging Additional Tools and Resources

In addition to the aforementioned features, Safari's Developer Tools offer a wide array of resources, including the Elements panel for inspecting and editing the DOM, the Application panel for managing web storage and service workers, and the Security panel for identifying potential security vulnerabilities within web applications. These tools collectively provide a comprehensive toolkit for web developers, empowering them to create secure, performant, and visually compelling web experiences.

By harnessing the power of Safari's Developer Tools, web developers can elevate their skills, optimize their workflows, and deliver exceptional web experiences to users. Whether you are fine-tuning the layout of a responsive website, debugging complex JavaScript interactions, or optimizing the performance of a web application, Safari's Developer Tools are your indispensable companions in the journey of web development.

Inspecting and Debugging Web Pages

Inspecting and debugging web pages is a fundamental aspect of web development, and Safari's Developer Tools provide a robust set of features for this purpose. When it comes to understanding the structure and behavior of web pages, as well as identifying and resolving issues, the inspection and debugging capabilities within Safari's Developer Tools are indispensable.

Inspecting Web Page Elements

The ability to inspect web page elements is a cornerstone of Safari's Developer Tools. By right-clicking on any element within a web page and selecting "Inspect Element," developers can access a detailed view of the HTML and CSS properties associated with that element. This feature provides a comprehensive breakdown of the selected element, including its position, dimensions, styling, and any associated event listeners. This level of insight allows developers to gain a deep understanding of the composition and layout of web page elements, facilitating precise modifications and optimizations.

Modifying Web Page Elements in Real Time

In addition to inspecting web page elements, Safari's Developer Tools enable developers to modify elements in real time. By directly editing the HTML and CSS properties of elements within the Elements panel, developers can experiment with different styles, content, and layouts, observing the immediate impact on the web page. This real-time editing capability is invaluable for fine-tuning the visual presentation of web pages and rapidly iterating on design and layout changes.

Safari's Developer Tools include a powerful JavaScript debugger, which allows developers to identify and resolve issues within their JavaScript code. By setting breakpoints, stepping through code, and examining variable values, developers can pinpoint and troubleshoot errors, ultimately improving the functionality and reliability of their web applications. Additionally, the console within Developer Tools provides a space for logging messages, errors, and warnings, offering valuable insights into the runtime behavior of JavaScript code. This feature is instrumental in diagnosing and addressing JavaScript-related issues, ensuring the smooth execution of interactive and dynamic web elements.

In essence, Safari's Developer Tools provide a comprehensive suite of capabilities for inspecting and debugging web pages. From gaining insights into the structure and styling of web page elements to identifying and resolving JavaScript-related issues, these tools empower developers to create, optimize, and fine-tune web experiences with precision and efficiency. By leveraging the inspection and debugging features within Safari's Developer Tools, developers can elevate their skills, streamline their workflows, and deliver exceptional web experiences to users.

Modifying and Testing CSS and JavaScript

Modifying and testing CSS and JavaScript is a crucial aspect of web development, and Safari's Developer Tools offer a seamless environment for making real-time adjustments and testing code changes. Whether you're refining the visual presentation of a website or fine-tuning the functionality of interactive elements, Safari's Developer Tools provide a comprehensive toolkit for working with CSS and JavaScript.

Real-time CSS Modifications

Safari's Developer Tools allow developers to modify CSS styles directly within the browser, providing immediate feedback on the visual appearance of web page elements. By accessing the Styles panel, developers can experiment with different styles, colors, and layouts, observing the instant effects on the web page. This real-time editing capability accelerates the design and development process, enabling developers to iterate on visual enhancements with agility and precision.

Testing JavaScript Code

In addition to CSS modifications, Safari's Developer Tools facilitate the testing and debugging of JavaScript code. The JavaScript debugger within Developer Tools empowers developers to set breakpoints, step through code, and inspect variable values, facilitating the identification and resolution of JavaScript-related issues. By leveraging the debugging capabilities, developers can ensure the reliability and functionality of interactive elements, such as dynamic user interfaces and client-side interactions.

Performance Optimization

Furthermore, Safari's Developer Tools provide insights into the performance of CSS and JavaScript code. Developers can analyze the impact of CSS styles and JavaScript functions on web page loading times and responsiveness, identifying opportunities for optimization. By monitoring the execution of CSS and JavaScript, developers can fine-tune code to enhance the overall performance and user experience of web applications.

In summary, Safari's Developer Tools offer a comprehensive suite of features for modifying and testing CSS and JavaScript. From real-time CSS adjustments to JavaScript debugging and performance optimization, these tools empower developers to create visually compelling and functionally robust web experiences. By harnessing the capabilities within Safari's Developer Tools, developers can refine the presentation and behavior of web pages with precision, ensuring an exceptional user experience across various devices and platforms.

Network analysis and performance testing are critical components of web development, and Safari's Developer Tools provide a robust set of features for evaluating the network activity and optimizing the performance of web pages and applications.

Monitoring Network Activity

Safari's Developer Tools offer a comprehensive Network panel, which allows developers to monitor and analyze the network activity associated with a web page. This includes tracking network requests, such as HTTP requests for resources like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images, and other assets. By examining the network waterfall, developers can gain insights into the timing and sequence of network requests, identifying potential bottlenecks and optimizing the loading process.

Resource Size and Loading Times

The Network panel within Safari's Developer Tools provides detailed information about the size and loading times of individual resources. Developers can assess the impact of resource sizes on web page performance, identifying opportunities to optimize assets for faster loading. By analyzing the loading times of resources, developers can prioritize critical content and streamline the delivery of essential assets, ultimately enhancing the overall user experience.

Safari's Developer Tools empower developers to optimize the performance of web pages by identifying and addressing potential performance bottlenecks. By leveraging the insights from the Network panel, developers can implement strategies to minimize file sizes, leverage browser caching, and reduce unnecessary network requests. Additionally, developers can assess the efficiency of third-party integrations and external resources, ensuring that web pages load quickly and responsively across various devices and network conditions.

Network Throttling

One of the standout features of Safari's Developer Tools is the ability to simulate different network conditions using network throttling. Developers can emulate various network environments, such as 3G , 4G, or slower connections, to assess the performance of web pages under different bandwidth constraints. This capability enables developers to optimize web pages for a wide range of network conditions, ensuring a consistent and reliable user experience for diverse audiences.

In essence, Safari's Developer Tools provide a comprehensive suite of capabilities for network analysis and performance testing. By monitoring network activity, assessing resource sizes and loading times, optimizing web page performance, and simulating network conditions, developers can create fast, efficient, and responsive web experiences. Leveraging the insights and tools within Safari's Developer Tools, developers can fine-tune the performance of web pages, ultimately delivering exceptional user experiences in the ever-evolving landscape of the web.

In conclusion, Safari's Developer Tools serve as a gateway to the intricate world of web development, offering a rich array of features and functionalities that empower developers to create, optimize, and fine-tune web experiences with precision and efficiency. By enabling and leveraging these tools, developers gain valuable insights into the structure, behavior, and performance of web pages, ultimately enhancing the user experience and functionality of their web projects.

From inspecting and modifying web page elements to debugging JavaScript, analyzing network activity, and optimizing performance, Safari's Developer Tools provide a comprehensive toolkit for addressing the diverse challenges of web development. The seamless integration of real-time editing, debugging, and performance analysis within the browser environment streamlines the development process, allowing developers to iterate on design and functionality with agility and precision.

Furthermore, the ability to simulate network conditions and assess the impact of resource sizes on web page performance equips developers with the tools needed to create fast, efficient, and responsive web experiences across various devices and network environments. This capability is instrumental in ensuring a consistent and reliable user experience, regardless of the user's location or network conditions.

By harnessing the power of Safari's Developer Tools, developers can elevate their skills, optimize their workflows, and deliver exceptional web experiences to users. Whether it's refining the visual presentation of a website, debugging complex JavaScript interactions, or optimizing the performance of a web application, Safari's Developer Tools are indispensable companions in the journey of web development.

In essence, Safari's Developer Tools not only provide a window into the inner workings of web pages but also empower developers to craft immersive, performant, and visually compelling web experiences. As the web continues to evolve, Safari's Developer Tools stand as a testament to Apple's commitment to providing developers with the resources and capabilities needed to thrive in the dynamic landscape of web development.

In the ever-expanding digital ecosystem, Safari's Developer Tools remain a steadfast ally for developers, offering a robust platform for innovation, creativity, and excellence in web development. Whether you're a seasoned developer or an aspiring enthusiast, Safari's Developer Tools invite you to embark on a journey of discovery and mastery, shaping the future of the web one line of code at a time.

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How to Open Safari Developer Tools & Enable Mobile View Mode

John on May 12, 2021

In this tutorial, we will learn how to open the Safari developer console and enable mobile view for responsive web development.

How to Enable Safari Developer Tools

If you don't have developer tools enabled in Safari, you will need to do this before the console can be opened by using the following steps:

• From the main menu go to Safari > Preferences (or use the CMD + , keyboard shortcut.)
• Go to the Advanced tab.
• Check "Show Developer menu in menu bar"

Open the Safari Developer Console

Now open the developer console in responsive mode by going to the menu and selecting Develop > Enter Responsive Design Mode :

Alternatively, use the keyboard shortcut CTRL + CMD + R to enter responsive developer mode.

Now you can work on your website in a variety of different mobile device screen sizes by selecting them at the top of the page:

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Safari Dev Tools: The Complete 2023 Guide

Introduction to safari developer tools.

Safari is Apple's proprietary web browser that comes pre-installed on all Mac and iOS devices. Its integrated developer tools provide everything web developers need to build, debug and optimize websites for Apple's ecosystem.

In this comprehensive tutorial, we'll cover key capabilities of Safari's dev tools including:

• The Web Inspector for inspecting page structure and CSS
• The Debugger for stepping through JavaScript code
• The Resources panel for auditing page assets
• The Audits panel for testing web standards compliance
• Device Mode for simulating mobile screens
• Advanced debugging features like conditional breakpoints
• Network throttling to simulate real-world conditions
• Experimental features for early access

By the end, you'll have master expertise using Safari dev tools to squash bugs faster, improve site performance, and deliver exceptional web experiences across Apple devices. You'll also discover resources like DevHunt to continue exploring the latest Safari developer tools.

A Brief History of Safari

Safari originated within Apple in 2003, based on the open source KHTML rendering engine. It was first released for Mac OS X Panther and quickly became Apple's default browser.

In 2007, Apple launched the first Windows version of Safari to expand its userbase. That same year, Safari made its mobile debut on the first iPhone.

Over the years, Safari has gone through many major version updates adding new features and support for emerging web standards. It remains the pre-installed browser on all Apple operating systems and devices including Macs, iPhones and iPads.

Why Learn Safari Developer Tools?

Here are some key reasons web developers should learn Safari dev tools:

• Pre-installed on all Mac and iOS devices, used by millions globally
• Allows direct debugging on iOS devices
• Can emulate mobile devices in desktop browser
• Essential for targeting Apple's ecosystem
• Identify optimizations for Safari to improve site experience
• Learn how your sites perform on Safari and make improvements
• Fix rendering issues specific to WebKit browser engine
• Utilize experimental features to build cutting-edge websites
• Discover new Safari dev tools on platforms like DevHunt

With Safari holding significant browser market share, especially in the mobile space, having expertise in its developer tools is vital for crafting high-quality cross-browser experiences.

Core Safari Developer Tools

Now let's dive into the core developer tools available within Safari on both desktop and mobile.

The Web Inspector

The Web Inspector is the main hub for visually inspecting and modifying a web page. Key functions include:

• View and edit the live DOM tree
• Inspect and modify CSS styles
• Audit accessibility information
• Analyze network requests and performance
• Identify layout issues or style problems
• Live edit code changes right in the browser

For front-end developers, the Inspector is indispensable for debugging HTML, CSS and accessibility issues. You can instantly see how changes to markup and styles affect rendering.

The Debugger

Safari's JavaScript Debugger allows pausing code execution to step through scripts line-by-line. You can:

• Set breakpoints to isolate issues
• Inspect stack traces and variable scopes
• Profile memory usage and CPU utilization
• Emulate device throttling conditions
• Blackbox third-party scripts

The Debugger equips you to tackle even the most complex JavaScript bugs. From tracking down logic errors to profiling performance, it's an essential tool for front-end logic and optimization.

The Resources Panel

This panel displays all resources loaded by the page like scripts, stylesheets, fonts, images and media. For each resource you can:

• View request URLs, status codes and timings
• Filter by type, folder location or domain
• Check dependencies and redundancy
• Audit performance and bottlenecks
• Download resources to your machine

Knowing exactly what resources a page loads is invaluable for optimizing performance. The Resources panel helps you eliminate unnecessary requests and prioritize critical assets.

Storage Inspector

The Storage Inspector lets you view and edit browser storage like cookies, LocalStorage, SessionStorage and IndexedDB. You can:

• Add, modify or delete stored keys and values
• Export storage data as JSON
• Emulate different browser states for testing
• Clear storage entirely to test initial experience

Being able to inspect persistence mechanisms is vital for debugging issues related to state management in modern web apps.

The Audits Panel

Safari's Audits panel runs diagnostics on pages to surface optimization opportunities and standards compliance issues. Audits include:

• Performance analysis and scoring
• Accessibility checks following WCAG guidelines
• Best practices for progressive web apps
• SEO enhancements
• Modern web platform usage

Running audits before launching any website can help you catch critical problems early and compare against industry benchmarks.

Advanced Safari Developer Tools

Beyond the basics, Safari offers powerful advanced tools for seasoned developers.

Device Mode

Device Mode accurately emulates mobile screens and conditions right in desktop Safari:

• Simulate precise device dimensions and resolution
• Throttle CPU and network to mimic real devices
• Essential for building mobile-friendly, responsive sites
• Test touch events and gestures during development

With Device Mode, you can build fully optimized mobile experiences without constantly switching devices.

Advanced Debugging

Safari provides next-level JavaScript debugging capabilities:

• Set conditional breakpoints using expressions
• Group breakpoints for easy management
• Step through async code with async stack traces
• Profile memory heap allocations over time
• Blackbox scripts to hide library code
• Break on caught or uncaught exceptions

These advanced features help you tackle difficult bugs in even the most complex single-page apps and frameworks like Vue.js.

Network Throttling

Network Throttling allows simulating slow network connections, like 3G and LTE. You can:

• Rate limit bandwidth and latency
• Identify assets blocking page load
• Debug loading behavior in emerging markets
• Optimize performance for offline/low-bandwidth
• Throttle cache usage and response compression

Testing how your site performs under real-world network conditions is crucial to providing good user experiences for all.

Experimental Features

Safari lets developers try out experimental tools before they are formally released:

• Get early access to new capabilities
• Provide feedback to help shape future features
• Use at your own risk as they are still in development
• Currently includes CSS Flexbox debugging tools

Tapping into experimental features allows you to build cutting-edge experiences and directly influence the browser platform's evolution.

Debugging JavaScript Issues

Now let's explore strategies for debugging JavaScript using Safari's advanced capabilities.

Breakpoint Usage

Effective breakpoint usage is key for isolating issues:

• Set breakpoints directly within the source code
• Organize breakpoints into groups by context
• Use conditional breakpoints to pause on specific criteria
• Disable breakpoints without deleting to toggle behavior
• Manage breakpoints efficiently even in complex codebases

Mastering breakpoints gives you precise control over pausing execution to inspect logic flow and data.

Scope Inspection

Understanding scope is vital for tracking down variable issues:

• Inspect variable values in different call frames
• Detect scope pollution across closures and modules
• Ensure code executes in the intended lexical scope
• Fix bugs caused by accessing stale variable references
• Avoid global namespace pollution

With Safari's scoping tools, you can confidently debug even complex nested closures and callback contexts.

Async Debugging

Safari provides multiple approaches for debugging asynchronous code:

• Step through promise resolutions and rejections
• Inspect async operation call stacks and task queues
• Profile async code performance with CPU profiler
• Set breakpoints within async callbacks and timers
• Visually trace async code flows

Smooth async debugging helps you tackle race conditions, timing issues, and callback hell.

Error Handling

The key to debugging runtime errors is Safari's break on exception feature:

• Break on any caught or uncaught exceptions
• Inspect error call stacks to trace where issues originate
• Log values with console.log() to debug logic flow
• Validate edge cases and fix crashes
• Handle errors gracefully to improve user experience

With robust error handling, you can isolate bugs quicker and build more resilient apps.

Optimizing Page Speed

Next let's explore some common techniques for optimizing page speed using Safari developer tools.

Image Optimization

Safari provides multiple ways to optimize images:

• Audit image sizes and formats using the Resources panel
• Compress and resize images as needed
• Lazy load offscreen images to improve TTI
• Serve next-gen formats like WebP to Safari users
• Remove unnecessary decorative images

With Safari's insight into image resources, you can significantly cut page weight and load times.

Script Loading

Optimizing script loading is key for performance:

• Minimize parser-blocking JavaScript
• Load non-critical scripts asynchronously
• Dynamically create and load scripts
• Code split bundles into logical chunks
• Tree shake and minify code to reduce payload

Safari shows you exactly how scripts impact loading behavior so you can optimize delivery.

Caching Assets

Effective caching can boost repeat visit performance:

• Set optimal cache lifetimes for static assets
• Cache assets locally using service workers
• Version assets linked to app release cycles
• Avoid cache-busting query strings
• Maximize cache reuse for returning users

The Resources panel helps you dial in caching for faster loads without staleness.

Layout Thrashing

Diagnosing layout thrashing is key for smooth UX:

• Identify forced synchronous layouts
• Defer non-critical DOM updates with requestAnimationFrame()
• Avoid reading styles after writes during rendering
• Batch DOM reads/writes together
• Profile with Debugger to pinpoint problems

With Safari's performance tools, you can isolate and fix sources of jank and lag.

Wrap Up and Key Takeaways

Safari developer tools provide everything needed to build high-quality websites targeting Apple's ecosystem.

Key highlights include:

• Debugging directly on iOS devices with Web Inspector
• Stepping through JavaScript with advanced Debugger features
• Auditing pages for standards compliance
• Simulating mobile devices and networks during development
• Optimizing performance using Network Throttling
• Trying out experimental capabilities early
• Discovering new Safari dev tools on platforms like DevHunt

Learning Safari developer tools allows you to find and fix cross-browser issues faster. You can optimize sites specifically for Safari and deliver stellar experiences to millions of Apple users worldwide.

With a comprehensive understanding of Safari's robust toolset, you can confidently build, debug and enhance modern progressive web apps. Safari developer tools help web developers succeed across platforms.

Related posts

• Safari Developer Tools: The Complete Guide for Web Developers
• Discover the Top Web Developer Tools for 2023
• Unlock Safari's Powerful Developer Tools
• Dev Tools iOS Developers Need in 2023

View in English

Watch the latest videos about Safari

Safari for developers

Safari is the best way to experience the internet on iPhone, iPad, and Mac. Thanks to blazing-fast performance and industry-leading energy efficiency, millions of users enjoy exploring the web with Safari. Take advantage of powerful new features, advanced developer tools, and cutting-edge technologies in Safari to deliver best-in-class websites and apps.

Now people can add your website to their Dock on Mac or to their Home Screen in iOS and iPadOS for easy access. On Mac, any website added to the Dock becomes a web app, with an app-like appearance and system integration similar to other apps. Create a web app manifest to communicate your website’s intended behavior for web app-related features in iOS, iPadOS, and macOS.

Watch the latest video

Safari web extensions

Safari web extensions use HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to offer powerful browser customizations — and now you can create them for every device that supports Safari. Learn how to build a Safari web extension that works for all devices, and how to convert an existing extension to Safari through Xcode and the Safari Web Extension Converter.

Learn about Safari web extensions

SharePlay in Safari

Create SharePlay experiences that people can enjoy on the web and in your app. Learn how to use the Group Activities framework in combination with your website to bring SharePlay to Safari, connecting people through shared interactions — even if they haven’t yet downloaded your app from the App Store.

Learn about Group Activities in Safari

Compact tab bar

In the compact tab bar view, the browser interface yields to the content. Safari blends the tab bar into each website by matching its background color. As a web designer or developer, you can choose the color and code it into your HTML. The entire interface is on one line, and elements naturally appear when needed, making your content feel more expansive as each web page or web app extends to all four edges of the window.

Learn about design in Safari

Verification codes

Easily create more secure logins for users in iOS 15, iPadOS 15, and macOS Monterey, or later using the new iCloud Keychain verification codes. Take advantage of verification codes, AutoFill, iCloud Keychain sync, and two-tap setup to simplify the multistep sign-in process.

Passkeys with WebAuthn

With the Passkeys Technology Preview, you can try a new type of credential that’s intended to replace passwords. A passkey is a phishing-resistant WebAuthn credential that’s backed up and synced across devices with iCloud Keychain. Enable the technology preview using Enable Syncing Platform Authenticator in the Develop menu.

Split View in Safari on iPad

People can view two websites at once on their iPad using split view. Responsive Design Mode makes it easy to see how your websites will render in this view — just tap the iPad preview until it turns into a split view.

Apple Pay on the Web

Provide an easy and secure way to make purchases in Safari 10 or later. Apple Pay lets people quickly pay without entering payment, shipping, or contact information on supported websites from their Mac, iPhone, or iPad. Because card numbers aren’t used and each transaction is confirmed with a fingerprint or passcode, Apple Pay is more secure than accepting credit and debit cards.

Web Push in Safari

Send notifications to people who use your website or web app in Safari 16 on macOS 13 — even when Safari isn’t running. Fully interoperable, Web Push’s standards-based implementation relies on the Push API, Notification API, and Service Workers. If you’ve already coded Web Push using industry best practices, it will automatically work on Safari. And you don’t need to be an Apple Developer Program member to implement this feature.

Safari Technology Preview

Download Safari Technology Preview to get a sneak peek at upcoming web technologies in iOS, iPadOS, and macOS, and experiment with them in your websites and extensions.

• Chrome for Developers

What's happening in Chrome Extensions?

The first three months of the year have been productive for the extensions team. We've rolled out several significant updates and new features that we're excited to share with you. But one particular Chrome Web Store addition has been hugely anticipated—a feature that will improve your publishing experience.

Chrome Web Store version rollback

Last week, the Chrome Web Store added a new feature that lets you go back to an older version of your extension more quickly. If your latest update didn't go as planned and you want to fix it fast, provide a new version number for the previous version and a reason why. We'll publish the previous version in minutes—no need to wait for your item to be reviewed. This way, your user can get a working version right away.

Want to know more about how version rollback works? Check out our blog post and the step-by-step guide on reverting to a previous version.

Firebase Auth SDK now supports extensions

In February, the Firebase team rolled out the first-ever Web Extensions entry point in the JS SDK v10.8.0 release. It addresses a longstanding issue that has led to some extensions being rejected from the Chrome Web Store due to using remotely hosted code for Firebase Auth.

The new Web Extensions version of the Firebase SDK bundles all required code, eliminating the need for remote hosting. This solves the policy compliance challenge that extension developers have faced. This change applies specifically to Firebase Auth, but it sets the stage for addressing other extension-specific issues.

The Firebase team has worked closely with the extension developer community to deliver this much-needed solution. They are dedicated to ongoing collaboration and welcome feedback from extension developers on ways the Firebase SDK can be further optimized for extensions. For more details, see the PSA announcement in the Extension's Google Group post .

Other API launches

• From Chrome 124, service workers support WebGPU. This improves the implementation experience for developers interested in building AI extensions. For a quick start, check out the WebGPU extension sample .
• In Chrome 123, alarms set using the Alarms API are no longer delayed when a device goes to sleep . When the device wakes up, the alarm will fire once, no matter how many alarms are missed.
• If you rely on a port remaining open throughout the lifetime of a page, you may need to make changes to reconnect when a page is restored. Learn more about the changes made to the bfcache behavior in Chrome 123 in the Changes to BFCache blog post.
• CIDR Block Filtering in Events API : In Chrome 123, developers can now use Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) blocks for more efficient event filtering. This update eliminates the need for the tedious task of creating individual filter rules for each IP address within a range. By adopting CIDR notation, you can succinctly specify a range of IP addresses, allowing for streamlined management of event triggers by IP ranges.
• In Chrome 123 the tabs.Tab 's property windowId can have a value of -1 to indicate that the tab does not belong to a browser window. This is often the case for pre-rendered tabs, which are loaded in the background to speed up browsing but are not yet visible in any window.
• WebAuthn API : Extensions are now able to assert RP IDs for websites where they have host permissions. See the email for context.
• All asynchronous Chrome API methods support promises for easier use unless the function signature isn't compatible with promises, like chrome.desktopCapture.chooseDesktopMedia() . Callbacks will still work for backward compatibility.

Upcoming features

Future plans include adding more features to the UserScripts API. Learn about userScripts.execute() in this WECG proposal .

Documentation updates

• The Web Push guide describes how you can add push notifications and send messages from your server to your extension service worker using any Push provider.
• Test service worker termination with Puppeteer : In this guide, you'll learn how to test the service worker of a Chrome extension using Puppeteer. You'll set up a test suite, write tests to validate service worker messaging, handle unexpected service worker termination, and learn best practices for building robust service worker code.
• The Chrome Web Store Publish API documentation has been updated! This API lets you programmatically create, update, and publish extensions in the Chrome Web Store. The new documentation covers obtaining access tokens, making HTTP requests with the OAuth 2.0 Playground, and more. Check it out to streamline your Chrome Web Store publishing workflow.
• The documentScan API reference page was recently updated to include advanced scanning use cases for ChromeOS extensions.

WECG March meet-up update

In March, the team met with representatives from Safari, Firefox, and Edge as well as a number of major extensions in the inaugural Web Extensions Community Group summit. Hosted by the Apple team in San Diego California, the WECG covered how to improve platform inconsistencies, nuanced aspects of permission systems, aiming to strike a balance between user privacy and developer needs. We couldn't be happier with how this event went, and our team is excited to reconvene this September in Anaheim, California, for TPAC 2024.

Syntax podcast

Oliver from our team recently appeared as a guest on the Syntax podcast. Tune in to hear about the changes in Manifest V3, review in the Chrome Web Store and more.

🗃️ Unpacking the Chrome Extension Review

We met with the Chrome Web Store review team in person to film a video about the intricacies of the review process. We collected all the questions and feedback you shared on this extensions forum post and used it on the day. The session will be featured on the Chrome for Developers Youtube Channel .

Thanks again for being part of the extensions community, and continue to be awesome! ❤️

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License , and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License . For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies . Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2024-04-16 UTC.

TypeError: Messages.create() got an unexpected keyword argument 'file_ids'

After uploading some files and storing their ids in an array called files_id, I’m creating a message with the files_id.

Getting TypeError: Messages.create() got an unexpected keyword argument ‘file_ids’.

You have to use attachments to attach files and tools:

Related Topics

View, manage, and install add-ins for Excel, PowerPoint, and Word

When you install and use an add-in, it adds custom commands and extends the features of your Microsoft 365 programs to help increase your productivity.

Note:  This article only applies to add-ins in Excel, PowerPoint, and Word. For guidance on how to view, install, and manage add-ins in Outlook, see  Use add-ins in Outlook .

View installed add-ins

You can directly install add-ins from this page or select  More Add-ins  to explore.

In the Office Add-ins dialog, select the  My Add-ins  tab.

Select an add-in you want to view the details for and right-click to select  Add-in details  option.

Install an add-in

Tip:  If you selected  Home  >  Add-ins , directly install popular add-ins from the menu that appears, or select  More Add-ins to view more options. 

Select  Add  from the add-in you want to install.

Manage installed add-ins

To manage and view information about your installed add-ins, perform the following:

Select  File > Get Add-ins .   Alternatively, select  Home  >  Add-ins > More add-ins .

In the Office Add-ins dialog, select the  My Add-ins tab.

Select  Manage My Add-ins . This opens the Office Store page in your preferred browser with a list of your installed add-ins.

Remove an add-in

To remove an add-in you installed, follow these steps.

Select  File  > Get Add-ins . Alternatively, select  Home > Add-ins .

In the Office Add-ins dialog, select  My Add-ins  tab.

Select an add-in you want to remove and right click to select  Remove  option.

Note:  Add-ins that appear in the  Admin Managed  section of the Office Add-ins dialog can only be removed by your organization's administrator.

Cancel an add-in subscription

To discontinue your subscription to an add-in, do the following:

Open the Microsoft 365 application and select the Home  tab.

Select  Add-ins from the ribbon,   then select  More Add-ins .

Select the My Add-ins tab   to view your existing add-ins.

Select  Manage My Add-ins .

Under the Payment and Billing section, choose Cancel Subscription .

Select  OK ,   then Continue .

Once you've cancelled your subscription, you should see a message that says "You have cancelled your app subscription" in the comments field of your add-in list.

Manage an add-in's access to your devices

Note:  The information in this section only applies to Excel on the web, Outlook on the web, PowerPoint on the web, and Word on the web running in Chromium-based browsers, such as Microsoft Edge and Google Chrome.

When an installed add-in requires access to your devices, such as your camera or microphone, you will be shown a dialog with the option to allow, allow once, or deny permission.

If you select  Allow , the add-in will have access to the requested devices. The permission you grant persists until you uninstall the add-in or until you clear the cache of the browser where the add-in is running.

If you select  Allow Once , the add-in will have access to the requested devices until it's relaunched in the browser.

If you select  Deny , the add-in won't be able to access the requested devices. This persists until you uninstall the add-in or until you clear the cache of the browser where the add-in is running.

If you want to change an add-in's access to your devices after selecting  Allow  or  Deny , you must first uninstall the add-in or clear your browser cache.

Add or load a PowerPoint add-in

Add or remove add-ins in Excel

Get a Microsoft 365 Add-in for Excel

Get a Microsoft 365 Add-in for Outlook

Help for Excel for Windows add-ins

Need more help?

Want more options.

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Microsoft 365 subscription benefits

Microsoft 365 training

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Communities help you ask and answer questions, give feedback, and hear from experts with rich knowledge.

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Microsoft 365 Insiders

Find solutions to common problems or get help from a support agent.

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Tools, documentation, forums, videos, and more.

Safari Technology Preview

Get a sneak peek at upcoming web technologies in macOS and iOS with Safari Technology Preview and experiment with these technologies in your websites and extensions.

• Safari Technology Preview for macOS Sonoma Requires macOS 14 or later
• Safari Technology Preview for macOS Ventura Requires macOS 13 or later
• Release Notes

April 10, 2024

Safari beta

Try out the next version of Safari for upcoming macOS releases. To access the latest beta versions of Safari, sign in with your Apple ID.

View downloads

Release Date

September 20, 2021

Guides and sample code

Get details on implementing web technologies with guides, reference, and sample code.

• Safari Web Extensions
• Apple Pay on the Web
• Security Keys
• Video Content in Safari
• More Safari Documentation

Watch and learn from our engineers as they show how to bring the latest web technologies to your websites on Safari.

• Watch Safari and Web Videos

Ask questions and discuss a variety of web development topics with Apple engineers and other developers.

• Apple Developer Forums

Featured web technologies

Safari extensions.

Safari extensions are a powerful way to add new features to Safari. They are built in Xcode with web technologies, such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript and powerful native APIs. Now you can distribute and sell them through the App Store on Mac, iPhone and iPad.

• Meet Safari Web Extensions on iOS
• Explore Safari Web Extension improvements
• Converting a Web Extension for Safari
• Creating a Content Blocker
• Submit Your Extension

Universal links

Seamlessly link to content within your app or on your website in iOS, iPadOS, and macOS. With universal links, you can always give users the most integrated mobile experience, even when your app isn’t installed on their device.

• Universal Links

Smart App Banners

Make it easy for people to discover and download your app using iOS, iPadOS, and macOS. With Safari Smart App Banners, you can display a banner that provides a direct link to your app on the App Store, or opens the app if the user already has it installed. Smart App Banners integrate seamlessly and are easy to implement.

• Promoting Apps with Smart App Banners

HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)

Deliver streaming media to apps on iOS and iPadOS or HTML5-based websites using an ordinary web server.

• HTTP Live Streaming

Safari iCloud Keychain

Easily create more secure logins for users in iOS 15, iPadOS 15, and macOS Monterey or later using iCloud Keychain verification codes. Take advantage of verification codes, AutoFill, iCloud Keychain sync, and two-tap setup to simplify the multistep sign-in process.

• Secure login with iCloud Keychain verification codes
• Securing Logins with iCloud Keychain Verification Codes
• Safari Push Notifications

Use the Apple Push Notifications Service to send notifications to your website vistors, right on their Mac desktop — even when Safari isn’t running. These notifications display your website icon and notification text, which people can click to go right to your website.

• Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles

Introduced by Apple, WebKit is the most advanced rendering engine, drawing the web pages in Safari on iOS, iPadOS, and macOS.

• WebKit Open Source Project

Write automated tests to exercise web content in Safari to ensure a good user experience, and run those same tests against other browsers with a WebDriver-compliant driver.

• macOS WebDriver Commands for Safari 11.1 and earlier
• macOS WebDriver Commands for Safari 12 and later
• About WebDriver for Safari
• Testing with WebDriver in Safari