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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

Nigeria travel advice

Latest updates: Health – editorial update

Last updated: April 17, 2024 12:09 ET

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Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, nigeria - avoid non-essential travel.

Avoid non-essential travel to Nigeria, including in Abuja, due to the unpredictable security situation throughout the country and the significant risk of terrorism, crime, inter-communal clashes, armed attacks and kidnappings.

Regional risk level - Avoid all travel

• the north-western states of Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Sokoto and Zamfara
• the north-central states of Plateau and Kogi
• the north-eastern states of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Jigawa and Yobe
• the Niger Delta states of Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bayelsa, Delta, Imo and Rivers (with the exception of Rivers’ capital city, Port Harcourt, where we advise against non-essential travel)

Calabar and Lagos - Exercise a high degree of caution

Exercise a high degree of caution in the cities of Calabar and Lagos due to the incidence of crime.

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Violence at banks and ATMs

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has designed and issued new Naira notes, resulting in a cash shortage across the country, especially in rural areas. Banks and ATMs are having problems supplying both the new and old notes to the general public, causing long line-ups to withdraw cash. Cash shortages could affect your ability to pay for goods and services, as credit/debit cards are not widely accepted outside of urban centres. Violence has broken out as a result of public frustration. Protesters have blocked roads and attacked ATMs and banks.

If you decide to go to a bank or ATM:

• be prepared for long line-ups and cash shortages
• do so during daylight hours
• monitor local media for information on violence or protests
• proceed with increased caution

If you are in Nigeria:

• refer to CBN guidelines and plan accordingly
• ensure that you have adequate supplies of consumer goods as purchasing may be difficult
• confirm that old naira notes or credit/debit cards are accepted before entering into a transaction

Northwestern and Northeastern states

There is a threat of terrorism, banditry and kidnapping in the following northwestern and northeastern states:

Bandit groups are increasingly active in the northwest, including in Kaduna state. Violent attacks involving gunfire and explosives, as well as kidnappings, are frequent. They have targeted:

• transportation hubs and networks
• local communities

A state of emergency has been in effect since 2013 in the states of Adamawa, Borno and Yobe to account for the increase in incidents of terrorism in the area. Additional security personnel have been deployed to these states. Curfews are also in effect in cities across these states and in Maiduguri. Other curfews could be imposed in other cities in northern Nigeria or could change on short notice.

Local authorities could also interrupt telecommunication services in the northeastern states without notice and for indeterminate periods of time. Neighbouring states could also be affected by these service disruptions.

States of Plateau and Taraba

The states of Plateau and of Taraba are affected by sporadic episodes of inter-communal and sectarian violence. Since early 2022, there has been an increase in violent incidents, including bomb attacks which resulted in a large number of casualties. There has also been an increase in kidnapping cases in Plateau State. Further attacks and kidnappings are likely.   

Niger Delta states

The security situation in the Niger Delta region is fragile and unstable, particularly in the states of Abia, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers (except in Port Harcourt, where we advise against non-essential travel). Regional and ethnic conflicts between militant groups occur in the area and have led to higher incidents of violent crime and civil unrest. Armed robbery and kidnapping pose a significant threat in the Niger Delta states. Militant activity has also been directed at foreign interests. Armed groups have carried out successful attacks on oil facilities and workers, resulting in injuries and deaths.

• If you choose to remain in the Niger Delta states despite this advisory, be extremely vigilant at all times
• If travelling for business, ensure that meetings are held at a secure location and that your contact is known to you
• Seek the advice of local authorities when planning trips and leave a detailed itinerary with family or friends

Calabar and Lagos

Exercise a high degree of caution in Calabar, the capital of Cross River State, where the security situation is more stable and facilities are relatively well developed compared to the rest of the country. Avoid non-essential travel to the rest of Cross River State, including the outskirts of Calabar, where seven people, mostly foreigners, were kidnapped in June 2016.

Exercise a high degree of caution in the city of Lagos, specifically within the area covering Ikeja in the north down to Lagos Island, Victoria Island and Ikoyi, and from Mile Two (west end of Lagos) to Chevron Estate on the Lekki Peninsula (east end of Lagos). Avoid non-essential travel beyond this area. The level of criminality in Lagos is high and incidents of violent crime, including assaults and armed attacks, have occurred against foreign nationals and in areas frequented by foreigners. Avoid all unnecessary travel after dark.

If you decide to travel to these cities you should stay in secure, guarded accommodations and maintain a high level of personal security awareness at all times.

Identification

Carry photocopies of your official identification at all times and safely store passports, visas and travel documents.

There is a high level of crime throughout Nigeria, including armed robbery, kidnapping for ransom, home invasions, carjacking and violent assault. Robberies and muggings conducted by large, well-armed groups, in places frequented by expatriates, are common. Some have been committed by persons posing as police or military personnel, particularly in the Niger Delta.

Criminal activity is high in urban areas, including the city of Lagos, as well as on the northern border with Niger and Chad.

There has been an increase in violent crime in the outer suburbs of Abuja and the Federal Capital territory since mid-2022.

Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, occurs, particularly in crowded places such as public markets and popular tourist sites.

• Ensure that your belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, are secure at all times
• Avoid walking alone and displaying any signs of affluence in public
• Avoid all unnecessary travel after dark, when crime increases
• Do not leave valuables or bags unattended
• Use caution when travelling to and from banks
• Be particularly discreet when using ATM’s, as criminals could follow you to rob you
• Should you visit a beach, particularly Lekki and Bar beaches on Victoria Island do so only during daylight and in large groups
• Be wary of tourist excursions. Sign up with a reputable tour company

Kidnappings of foreign and Nigerian nationals occur throughout Nigeria. They are a particular threat in North, North-East and Southern Nigeria.

Since April 2019, several kidnappings have occurred. Those crimes, often perpetrated by small groups of armed individuals, are indiscriminate. Residents and foreigners alike have been abducted and held captive, sometimes for days, until ransom was paid. Deaths have also been reported.

Throughout the Niger Delta states, numerous Westerners, mainly oil and gas facility workers, have been abducted, and, in some cases, killed. Remain especially vigilant in:

• Warri, Delta state
• in Port Harcourt, Rivers state
• the states of Abia, Anambra and Imo

Kidnappings for ransom targeting Westerners have increased in the affluent areas of Lagos and the surrounding states of Ogun, Osun and Ondo.

Terrorism threat in Abuja

There is an increased threat of terrorist attacks in Abuja.

Nigerian authorities are conducting counter-terrorism operations in forested areas in and around Abuja, and in the Federal Capital territory.

• Be extremely vigilant
• Limit your movements
• Avoid walking and hiking forested areas
• Exercise caution and keep a low profile
• Monitor local media to stay informed on the evolving situation
• Follow the instructions of local authorities

There is a threat of terrorism throughout Nigeria, particularly in the northern and northeastern areas of the country. Attacks have been conducted across the country, including in Abuja. Numerous attacks on individuals, groups and security forces have occurred since 2018. Further attacks are likely.

Targets could include:

• government buildings, including schools
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks
• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places.

Be particularly vigilant if attending sporting events and during religious holidays and other public celebrations, as terrorists have used such occasions to mount attack.

Checkpoints

Police checkpoints are very frequent on roads throughout the country. Law- enforcement officers and gangs often use aggressive methods to extort bribes. This is a recurring security problem, especially along Nigeria’s borders. If you need assistance, you may contact the High Commission of Canada in Abuja or the Deputy High Commission in Lagos.

Nigerian authorities impose curfews as a means to restoring order after violence erupts in volatile areas. Curfews are currently in effect for parts of Maiduguri, Adamawa State, Borno State and Yobe State. Curfews and restrictions on the movement of vehicles, can be imposed, amended and lifted at short notice throughout Nigeria.

Demonstrations

Demonstrations occur frequently especially in central Abuja and in other major cities. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Road safety

Road conditions and road safety are poor throughout the country. Drivers often drive at excessive speeds, and accidents are common. Visibility is poor due to lack of adequate lighting.

Rental cars are available in Nigeria, but you should avoid them. Major hotels and the customer service centres at the airports in Abuja, Kano and Lagos offer reliable car-hire services complete with drivers.

Be extremely cautious when travelling to and from the airport. All arrangements should be made prior to your arrival in Nigeria.

• Arrange to arrive at the airport during the day and be met there by reliable contacts
• If transportation is not arranged by hosts or the hotel, hire cars and drivers from reputable security providers
• When arranging to hire a car and driver, be sure to agree on a price and all details before accepting

Incidents of armed carjacking occur along main roads throughout the country, however they are of particular concern on:

• the roads leading to international and domestic airport
• on main highways between state capitals
• in main cities, including Lagos and Abuja

Many strategies are used to stop cars on the road, such as nails being scattered on the road or individuals, including pregnant women, pretending to be injured.

Do not drive at night, especially outside of major cities, due to the increased likelihood of armed banditry and kidnapping. Criminals often target travellers along major transit routes such as the Abuja - Kaduna highway.

Keep windows closed and doors locked at all times.

Credit card and ATM fraud occurs. Be cautious when using debit or credit cards:

• pay careful attention when your cards are being handled by others
• use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside a bank or business
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

Overseas fraud

Fuel shortages

The country experiences regular fuel shortages.

• Monitor local media for indicators of the circumstances that precede fuel shortages
• Ensure that you have adequate supplies on hand

Public transportation

You should not use public transportation due to the risk of petty theft and armed attacks.

It has occurred that thieves hide in the trunk and emerge through the back seat once the taxi is in motion and rob the passenger.

• Exercise caution when using taxis
• If you must use a taxi, verify that you are the only one in the vehicle
• Motorbike taxis, known in Nigeria as “okadas,” are dangerous. In several cities, okada drivers and passengers are required to wear helmets

There have been several incidents of armed robbery at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport in Lagos. Some of these cases have resulted in death.

• Confirm your transportation arrangements prior to your arrival
• Be wary of criminals posing as greeters at the airport

During the dry season, the Harmattan wind leads to high amounts of sand and dust in the air. Air travel within Nigeria can sometimes be restricted due to limited visibility. Occasionally, flights must be rerouted from their original destinations.

Coastal waters can be dangerous. Riptides are common. Several drownings occur each year. Follow the instructions and warnings of local authorities.

Water safety abroad

Piracy is an ongoing threat in the Niger Delta states. Pirate attacks, armed robbery against ships, ship hijackings, kidnappings and hostage takings occur in coastal waters in the Gulf of Guinea. Mariners should take appropriate precautions. If you are on land, avoid shoreline areas at all times.

Insurgents in speedboats and equipped with high-calibre weapons pose a risk.

Live piracy report  - International Maritime Bureau

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Nigerian authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond the date you expect to leave Nigeria.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Tourist visa: required Business visa: required Employment visa: required Temporary work permit: required Student visa: required Transit visa: required

The duration of stay indicated on the visa issued by Nigerian authorities and the duration of stay permitted indicated on the entry stamp issued by the Nigeria Immigration Service on arrival in the country might differ. Be sure to check the dates indicated on the entry stamp immediately after issuance. The dates might be hand-written by the issuing immigration officer or embedded in the stamp. If hard to read, ask for clarification from the immigration officer at the port of entry or a Nigeria Immigration Service office.

Nigeria Immigration Service  

The borders with Niger, Chad and Cameroon could be closed on short notice.

The land border crossing linking Seme Border to Sèmè-Kpodji in Benin is only open between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m.

Health screening

You may be subject to a quick thermal scanner screening at the airports upon boarding or disembarking a plane.

Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children .

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• Polio: Advice for travellers - 17 April, 2024
• Zika virus: Advice for travellers - 31 August, 2023
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024
• Diphtheria: Advice for travellers - 8 April, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Yellow fever   is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is a risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of vaccination is required if you are coming from or have transited through an airport of a country   where yellow fever occurs . 

Recommendation

• Vaccination is recommended.
• Contact a designated   Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre   well in advance of your trip to arrange for vaccination.
• Discuss travel plans, activities, and destinations with a health care professional.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites .

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada

* It is important to note that  country entry requirements  may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest  diplomatic or consular office  of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

There is a risk of hepatitis A in this destination. It is a disease of the liver. People can get hepatitis A if they ingest contaminated food or water, eat foods prepared by an infectious person, or if they have close physical contact (such as oral-anal sex) with an infectious person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.

Practise  safe food and water precautions and wash your hands often. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas where hepatitis A is present.

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease that is caused by parasites spread through the bites of mosquitoes.

Malaria is a risk to travellers to this destination.   Antimalarial medication is recommended for most travellers to this destination and should be taken as recommended. Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic before travelling to discuss your options. It is recommended to do this 6 weeks before travel, however, it is still a good idea any time before leaving.    Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times: 

• Cover your skin and use an approved insect repellent on uncovered skin.
• Exclude mosquitoes from your living area with screening and/or closed, well-sealed doors and windows.
• Use insecticide-treated bed nets if mosquitoes cannot be excluded from your living area.
• Wear permethrin-treated clothing. 

 If you develop symptoms similar to malaria when you are travelling or up to a year after you return home, see a health care professional immediately. Tell them where you have been travelling or living. 

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

In this destination, rabies is commonly carried by dogs and some wildlife, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. While travelling, take precautions , including keeping your distance from animals (including free-roaming dogs), and closely supervising children.

If you are bitten or scratched by a dog or other animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. In this destination, rabies treatment may be limited or may not be available, therefore you may need to return to Canada for treatment.  

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who are at high risk of exposure (e.g., occupational risk such as veterinarians and wildlife workers, children, adventure travellers and spelunkers, and others in close contact with animals). 

Polio (poliomyelitis) is an infectious disease that can be prevented by vaccination. It is caused by poliovirus type 1, 2 or 3. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus 2 (cVDPV2) is present in this country. Polio is spread from person to person and through contaminated food and water. Infection with the polio virus can cause paralysis and death in individuals of any age who are not immune.

Recommendations:

• Be sure that your polio vaccinations are up to date before travelling. Polio is part of the routine vaccine schedule for children in Canada.
• One booster dose of the polio vaccine is recommended as an adult .

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

This destination is in the African Meningitis Belt, an area which has the highest rates of meningococcal disease in the world. Meningococcal disease is a serious and sometimes fatal infection. 

Travellers who are at higher risk should discuss vaccination with a health care provider. High-risk travellers include those living or working with the local population (e.g., health care workers) or those travelling to crowded areas or taking part in large gatherings.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Cholera is a risk in parts of this country. Most travellers are at very low risk.

To protect against cholera, all travellers should practise safe food and water precautions .

Travellers at higher risk of getting cholera include those:

• visiting, working or living in areas with limited access to safe food, water and proper sanitation
• visiting areas where outbreaks are occurring

Vaccination may be recommended for high-risk travellers, and should be discussed with a health care professional.

Travellers' diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers. It is spread from eating or drinking contaminated food or water.

Risk of developing travellers' diarrhea increases when travelling in regions with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation. Practise safe food and water precautions.

The most important treatment for travellers' diarrhea is rehydration (drinking lots of fluids). Carry oral rehydration salts when travelling.

Typhoid   is a bacterial infection spread by contaminated food or water. Risk is higher among children, travellers going to rural areas, travellers visiting friends and relatives or those travelling for a long period of time.

Travellers visiting regions with a risk of typhoid, especially those exposed to places with poor sanitation, should speak to a health care professional about vaccination.  

There is a risk of schistosomiasis in this destination. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by tiny worms (blood flukes) which can be found in freshwater (lakes, rivers, ponds, and wetlands). The worms can break the skin, and their eggs can cause stomach pain, diarrhea, flu-like symptoms, or urinary problems. Schistosomiasis mostly affects underdeveloped and r ural communities, particularly agricultural and fishing communities.

Most travellers are at low risk. Travellers should avoid contact with untreated freshwater such as lakes, rivers, and ponds (e.g., swimming, bathing, wading, ingesting). There is no vaccine or medication available to prevent infection.

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

There is a risk of chikungunya in this country.  The risk may vary between regions of a country.  Chikungunya is a virus spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Chikungunya can cause a viral disease that typically causes fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can be severe and last for months or years.

Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times. There is no vaccine available for chikungunya.

• In this country, risk of  dengue  is sporadic. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
• Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
• The level of risk of dengue changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region.
• Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites . There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue fever.

Zika virus is a risk in this country. 

Zika virus is primarily spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can also be sexually transmitted. Zika virus can cause serious birth defects.

During your trip:

• Prevent mosquito bites at all times.
• Use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact, particularly if you are pregnant.

If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, you should discuss the potential risks of travelling to this destination with your health care provider. You may choose to avoid or postpone travel. 

For more information, see Zika virus: Pregnant or planning a pregnancy.

Lymphatic filariasis , also known as elephantiasis, is caused by filariae (tiny worms) spread to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can cause a range of illnesses. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from mosquito bites. There is no vaccine available for lymphatic filariasis although drug treatments exist.

Onchocerciasis (river blindness)   is an eye and skin disease caused by a parasite spread through the bite of an infected female blackfly.  Onchocerciasis often leads to blindness if left untreated. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from blackfly bites, which are most common close to fast-flowing rivers and streams. There is no vaccine available for onchocerciasis although drug treatments exist.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Human cases of avian influenza have been reported in this destination. Avian influenza   is a viral infection that can spread quickly and easily among birds and in rare cases it can infect mammals, including people. The risk is low for most travellers.

Avoid contact with birds, including wild, farm, and backyard birds (alive or dead) and surfaces that may have bird droppings on them. Ensure all poultry dishes, including eggs and wild game, are properly cooked.

Travellers with a higher risk of exposure include those: 

• visiting live bird/animal markets or poultry farms
• working with poultry (such as chickens, turkeys, domestic ducks)
• hunting, de-feathering, field dressing and butchering wild birds and wild mammals
• working with wild birds for activities such as research, conservation, or rehabilitation
• working with wild mammals, especially those that eat wild birds (e.g., foxes)

All eligible people are encouraged to get the seasonal influenza shot, which will protect them against human influenza viruses. While the seasonal influenza shot does not prevent infection with avian influenza, it can reduce the chance of getting sick with human and avian influenza viruses at the same time.

Lassa fever is a risk in this country.

Lassa fever is caused by a virus carried by rodents. Humans get sick when they inhale or come into close contact with feces, saliva, or urine of infected rodents or the blood or bodily fluids of infected humans.

Lassa virus can be very serious. Avoid rodents and rodent-infested areas.

Mpox (monkeypox)   is a risk in this country. It is a viral disease that can cause serious illness in some circumstances. Risk is generally low for most travellers.

Mpox spreads in 3 ways:

• from animals to humans through direct contact or by eating or preparing undercooked meat of infected animals or coming into contact with an infected animal's body fluids
• from person to person through close contact, including direct contact with the skin lesions, blood, body fluids, or mucosal surfaces (such as eyes, mouth, throat, genitalia, anus, or rectum) of an infected person
• through direct contact with contaminated objects such as bedding and towels, or by sharing personal objects used by an infected person

Follow recommended public health measures   and avoid contact with animals such as rodents and primates to help prevent getting or spreading the infection.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Tuberculosis is an infection caused by bacteria and usually affects the lungs.

For most travellers the risk of tuberculosis is low.

Travellers who may be at high risk while travelling in regions with risk of tuberculosis should discuss pre- and post-travel options with a health care professional.

High-risk travellers include those visiting or working in prisons, refugee camps, homeless shelters, or hospitals, or travellers visiting friends and relatives.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)   is a virus that attacks and impairs the immune system, resulting in a chronic, progressive illness known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). 

High risk activities include anything which puts you in contact with blood or body fluids, such as unprotected sex and exposure to unsterilized needles for medications or other substances (for example, steroids and drugs), tattooing, body-piercing or acupuncture.

Medical services and facilities

Good health care is limited in availability. Quality of care varies greatly throughout the country.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Travel health and safety

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Islamic practices and beliefs are closely adhered to in Nigeria’s customs, laws and regulations. Sharia has been adopted in 12 northern states:

The Sharia penal code may be applicable to non-Muslims in some parts of the country. Transgressions could be punished by detention or other penalties.

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect lengthy prison sentences and heavy fines.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

In 2025, the lunar month of Ramadan is expected to begin on or around February 28.

In public, between sunrise and sunset, be discreet when:

Dress and behaviour

To avoid offending local sensitivities:

• dress conservatively. In the north, women are advised to keep their legs covered and travel with a scarf that can be used to cover their head and arms when required
• behave discreetly
• respect religious and social traditions

2SLGBTQI+ travellers

Nigerian criminal law prohibits consensual sexual relations between individuals of the same sex. Additionally, the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act provides for lengthy jail sentences for offences related to entering into same-sex marriages or civil unions, display of same-sex amorous relationships, and participating in 2SLGBTQI+ organisations. In certain Northern states where Sharia Law is in effect, penalties can include the death sentence.

Discrimination, violence and harassment against 2SLGBTQI+ individuals are frequently reported.

2SLGBTQI+ travellers should carefully consider the risks of travelling to Nigeria.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Nigeria.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Nigeria, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

Travellers with dual citizenship

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Nigeria.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Nigeria by an abducting parent:

• act as quickly as you can
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Nigeria to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre.

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country’s judicial affairs.

• International Child Abduction: A Guidebook for Left-Behind Parents
• Travelling with children
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Emergency Watch and Response Centre

It is illegal to import:

• beer, mineral water, soft drinks or sparkling wine
• fruits, vegetables, cereals or eggs
• fabrics, including mosquito netting
• jewellery and precious metals

It is illegal to export pieces of African art, particularly antiques, without written authorization from the Department of Antiquities. Contact the High Commission of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in Ottawa for specific information regarding customs requirements.

Photography

Photography of airports, government buildings and military installations is prohibited.

In Abuja, smoking is banned in public places.

An International Driving Permit or a Canadian Driver’s permit can be used for 2 months. After that you must obtain a Nigerian driving permit.

International Driving Permit

new_bank_notes

New bank notes

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has redesigned and issued new Naira notes. Old Naira notes will remain legal tender until December 31, 2023.

The currency is the naira (NGN). U.S. dollars are widely accepted. The economy of Nigeria is cash-based. Credit cards are accepted at some major hotels in Abuja and Lagos; however, you are strongly advised against the use of credit cards and debit cards, due to the high potential for fraud and other criminal activity. The exportation of naira is limited by law to certain amounts.

The rainy season extends from May to October. During this period, rainfall is abundant and may result in localized flash flooding. Seasonal flooding can hamper overland travel and reduce the provision of essential services. Roads may become impassable and bridges damaged.

• Keep informed of regional weather forecasts
• Avoid the affected areas

In the summer, central and northern Nigeria periodically experience heat waves. During the dry season, from November to April, harmattan winds bring sand and dust from the Sahara desert.

Local services

Ambulance - 112 or 199

Fire - 112 or 199

Police - 112 or 199

Research and carry contact information for local police and medical facilities.

Consular assistance

The High Commission of Canada in Nigeria, in Abuja, is open to the public.

Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

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Nigeria Traveler View

Travel health notices, vaccines and medicines, non-vaccine-preventable diseases, stay healthy and safe.

• Packing List

After Your Trip

Be aware of current health issues in Nigeria. Learn how to protect yourself.

Level 2 Practice Enhanced Precautions

• Yellow Fever in Nigeria March 28, 2024 Yellow fever cases remain elevated in Nigeria, after an outbreak was first reported in November 2020. Travelers to Nigeria should take steps to prevent yellow fever by getting vaccinated at least 10 days before travel and taking steps to prevent mosquito bites.
• Diphtheria in Nigeria February 16, 2024 There is an outbreak of diphtheria in several states in Nigeria. Vaccination against diphtheria is essential to protect against disease. If you are traveling to an affected area, you should be up to date with your diphtheria vaccines.
• Global Polio January 05, 2024 Some international destinations have circulating poliovirus. Before any international travel, make sure you are up to date on your polio vaccines. Destination List: Afghanistan, Algeria, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Guinea, Indonesia, Israel, including the West Bank and Gaza, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Republic of the Congo, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, including Zanzibar, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Level 1 Practice Usual Precautions

• Global Measles March 22, 2024 Many international destinations are reporting increased numbers of cases of measles. Destination List: Afghanistan, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Malaysia, Mauritania, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Qatar, Republic of South Sudan, Republic of the Congo, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Togo, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zambia

⇧ Top

Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
• Flu (influenza)
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

COVID-19 vaccine

Active cholera transmission is  widespread  in Nigeria. Cholera is rare in travelers.  Certain factors  may increase the risk of getting cholera or having severe disease ( more information ). Avoiding unsafe food and water and washing your hands can also help prevent cholera.

Vaccination may be considered for children and adults who are traveling to areas of active cholera transmission.

Cholera - CDC Yellow Book

Hepatitis A

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older going to Nigeria.

Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against Hepatitis A. The dose does not count toward the routine 2-dose series.

Travelers allergic to a vaccine component or who are younger than 6 months should receive a single dose of immune globulin, which provides effective protection for up to 2 months depending on dosage given.

Unvaccinated travelers who are over 40 years old, immunocompromised, or have chronic medical conditions planning to depart to a risk area in less than 2 weeks should get the initial dose of vaccine and at the same appointment receive immune globulin.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers of all ages traveling to Nigeria.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

CDC recommends that travelers going to Nigeria take prescription medicine to prevent malaria. Depending on the medicine you take, you will need to start taking this medicine multiple days before your trip, as well as during and after your trip. Talk to your doctor about which malaria medication you should take.

Find  country-specific information  about malaria.

Malaria - CDC Yellow Book

Considerations when choosing a drug for malaria prophylaxis (CDC Yellow Book)

Malaria information for Nigeria.

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to  CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

Meningitis (Meningococcal disease)

Recommended for travelers 2 months old or older traveling to  areas of Nigeria  that are part of the meningitis belt during the dry season.

Meningococcal disease - CDC Yellow Book

Meningitis Belt Map

In Nigeria poliovirus has been identified in the past year.

Travelers to Nigeria are at increased risk of exposure to poliovirus.

Vaccine recommendations : Adults traveling to Nigeria who received a complete polio vaccination series as children may receive a single lifetime booster dose of inactivated polio vaccine; travelers who are unvaccinated or not fully vaccinated should receive a complete polio vaccination series before travel. Children who are not fully vaccinated will be considered for an  accelerated vaccination schedule .

Polio - CDC Yellow Book

Polio: For Travelers

Rabid dogs are commonly found in Nigeria. If you are bitten or scratched by a dog or other mammal while in Nigeria, there may be limited or no rabies treatment available. 

Consider rabies vaccination before your trip if your activities mean you will be around dogs or wildlife.

Travelers more likely to encounter rabid animals include

• Campers, adventure travelers, or cave explorers (spelunkers)
• Veterinarians, animal handlers, field biologists, or laboratory workers handling animal specimens
• Visitors to rural areas

Since children are more likely to be bitten or scratched by a dog or other animals, consider rabies vaccination for children traveling to Nigeria. 

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Recommended for most travelers, especially those staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities or rural areas.

Typhoid - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Typhoid

Yellow Fever

Required for travelers ≥9 months old arriving from countries with risk for YF virus transmission; this includes airport transits or layovers in countries with risk for YF virus transmission. 1

Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months old.  

Yellow Fever - CDC Yellow Book

• Avoid contaminated water

Leptospirosis

How most people get sick (most common modes of transmission)

• Touching urine or other body fluids from an animal infected with leptospirosis
• Swimming or wading in urine-contaminated fresh water, or contact with urine-contaminated mud
• Drinking water or eating food contaminated with animal urine
• Avoid contaminated water and soil

Clinical Guidance

Schistosomiasis

• Wading, swimming, bathing, or washing in contaminated freshwater streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, or untreated pools.

Avoid bug bites

African tick-bite fever.

• Avoid Bug Bites

African Tick-bite fever

Chikungunya

• Mosquito bite

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever

• Tick bite 
• Touching the body fluids of a person or animal infected with CCHF
• Mosquito bite

Leishmaniasis

• Sand fly bite
• An infected pregnant woman can spread it to her unborn baby

Avoid animals

• Scratched or bitten by an infected animal such as a rodent or primate
• Touching an infected animal or touching animal products, including skins and meat
• Being near an infected person who is coughing or sneezing
• Touching the body fluids or rash of a person with monkeypox
• Avoid animals and animal products
• Avoid people who are sick

Airborne & droplet

Avian/bird flu.

• Being around, touching, or working with infected poultry, such as visiting poultry farms or live-animal markets
• Avoid domestic and wild poultry
• Breathing in air or accidentally eating food contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents
• Bite from an infected rodent
• Less commonly, being around someone sick with hantavirus (only occurs with Andes virus)
• Avoid rodents and areas where they live
• Avoid sick people

Lassa Fever

• Breathe in air or eat food contaminated with the urine or droppings of infected rats
• Touch the body fluids of a person infected with Lassa virus or objects contaminated with infected body fluids

Lassa fever

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Breathe in TB bacteria that is in the air from an infected and contagious person coughing, speaking, or singing.

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Nigeria, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

• Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
• Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
• Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene | Healthy Water
• Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the Department of State Country Information Pages for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Nigeria. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
• Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
• Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
• Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

• FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
• Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
• Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
• 2-undecanone
• Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

• Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
• Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in Nigeria include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip.

• Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
• Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
• Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
• If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
• Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

• Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
• Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.
• Do not dive into shallow water.
• Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor.
• Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
• To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste.

Schistosomiasis and leptospirosis, infections that can be spread in fresh water, are found in Nigeria. Avoid swimming in fresh, unchlorinated water, such as lakes, ponds, or rivers.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
• If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

• Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
• Go to a doctor right away.
• Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

• Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
• Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance.
• Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
• Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Nigeria’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
• Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination.

Malaria is a risk in Nigeria. Fill your malaria prescription before you leave and take enough with you for the entire length of your trip. Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking the pills; some need to be started before you leave.

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

• Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
• Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
• Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

• Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
• Ride only in cars that have seatbelts.
• Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
• Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
• Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
• Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

• Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
• Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
• Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

• Wear a seatbelt at all times.
• Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
• When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
• Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of Nigeria may be poor.
• Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
• Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
• If you choose to drive a vehicle in Nigeria, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
• Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
• Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
• Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
• If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
• Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Medical Evacuation Insurance

If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

• Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
• Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
• Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

• Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
• Follow all local laws and social customs.
• Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
• Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
• If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Nigeria for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

If your doctor prescribed antimalarial medicine for your trip, keep taking the rest of your pills after you return home. If you stop taking your medicine too soon, you could still get sick.

Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the doctor about your travel history.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

Map Disclaimer - The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement are generally marked.

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Latest update

Reconsider your need to travel to Nigeria overall due to the volatile security situation and threat of terrorism, kidnapping, violent crime and the risk of civil unrest.

Higher levels apply.

Africa (PDF 1.68 MB)

Local emergency contacts

Fire and rescue services.

Call 119 or 112.

Medical emergencies

Call 119, 112 or go to the nearest hospital.

Call 119, 112 or go to the nearest police station.

Advice levels

Reconsider your need to travel to Nigeria overall, including the capital Abuja.

Reconsider your need to travel to Nigeria overall, including the capital Abuja, due to the volatile security situation and threat of terrorism, kidnapping, violent crime and the risk of civil unrest.

Do not travel to Adamawa, Anambra, Akawa Ibom, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Borno, Cross Rivers, Delta, Federal Capital Territory (excluding Abuja), Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Niger, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe and Zamfara states.

Do not travel to:

• Akawa Ibom,
• Cross Rivers, 
• Federal Capital Territory (excluding Abuja),
• Zamfara states

due to the volatile security situation and threat of terrorism, kidnapping, violent crime and the risk of civil unrest. 

• There's a high risk of terrorist attacks across Nigeria, including in the capital city Abuja, by various militant groups. Attacks are likely. Potential targets include a wide range of locations. Attacks could be indiscriminate and could affect foreign interests, including places visited by tourists. You should avoid places where crowds gather, including political meetings, government buildings, places of worship, schools, markets, shopping malls, hotels, bars, restaurants, sporting events, transport hubs and networks, law enforcement facilities, international organisations and camps for displaced people.
• The kidnapping threat is high throughout Nigeria. There is a high incidence of crime in Nigeria, including armed robbery, assault and maritime crime. The homicide rate is very high in many parts of the country.  Politically motivated murders and kidnappings have occurred. Follow the instructions of local authorities.
• There's ongoing civil unrest in Nigeria. Avoid public demonstrations, rallies, gatherings and protest activity. These can turn violent and have sometimes, been subject to forceful suppression by security forces, including the use of live fire. There have been reports of strikes and protests in parts of Nigeria as a result of the cost-of-living crisis. Trading and business disruptions have occurred. Maintain stocks of essential supplies.
• Avoid intercity transport by road and rail due to the high incidence of attacks by criminal gangs, bandits and terrorists. If you undertake travel within Nigeria, research routes and get professional security advice and support before departing. Australian officials always use enhanced security measures if they do travel. Keep your car doors locked, windows up and valuables out of sight. Arrange pick-ups and airport transfers with someone you know or by arranging a hotel car. Do not use ridesharing services, taxis, or public transport. Don't travel after dark.
• Internet romance, friendship and employment scams originate from Nigeria. If you travel to Nigeria as a scam victim, you may expose yourself to the threat of physical harm or theft. Be wary of online contact from people you don't know. Don't send money until you've checked who you're sending it to.

Full travel advice: Safety

• Yellow fever present. Other common insect-borne diseases include malaria and dengue. Ensure your accommodation is insect-proof. Use insect repellent. Consider taking anti-malarial medication. Check your vaccinations are up to date before you travel.
• Foodborne, waterborne and infectious diseases found in Nigeria include cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, Lassa fever and monkeypox. Make sure food and drink utensils and containers are clean before use. Drink only bottled water and avoid raw or undercooked food. Don't swim in fresh water due to the risk of bilharzia in some locations.
• Medical facilities throughout Nigeria are often basic. You may need to pay up-front. If you're seriously ill or injured, you'll need medical evacuation. Ensure your travel insurance covers this.

Full travel advice:  Health

• Don't use or carry illegal drugs. Penalties for drug offences are severe. They include long prison sentences and large fines. Serious crimes, such as murder and armed robbery, can attract the death penalty,  especially in Nigeria’s northern Sharia law states.
• Nigeria has strict laws against same-sex relationships. Avoid public displays of affection and cross-dressing. In Sharia law states, there are harsh punishments for same-sex relationships, adultery and stealing, as well as for speech or public expression deemed blasphemous or religiously disrespectful.
• Avoid  taking photographs near military or police locations, or in airports. Smoking in public places is prohibited according to law.
• Get written permission from relevant Nigerian authorities if you want to export African art or antiques. Make yourself aware of Nigerian restrictions on the import or export of foreign currencies, precious metals, and other items. Further information is available from the Nigerian Customs service .

Full travel advice:  Local laws

• You'll need a visa to travel to Nigeria. You can apply and pay for a visa online on the Nigeria Immigration Service  website. Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the  nearest embassy or consulate  of Nigeria for details about visas, customs and quarantine rules.
• You no longer need to produce a COVID-19 vaccination certificate or a negative PCR test prior to or on your arrival to Nigeria. You'll need a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate (yellow book) to enter.  Check the  Nigerian International Travel Portal  for the most up to date entry requirements.
• Avoid intercity transport by road and rail due to the high incidence of attacks by criminal gangs, bandits and terrorists. If undertaken, travel should involve professional security planning and support services.  Don't use ridesharing services, taxis, or public transport due to safety issues and the risk of crime.
• Hijacking, kidnapping and armed robbery at sea occurs in Nigerian waters, especially in the Niger Delta region. Piracy is a threat in the Gulf of Guinea. Check the International Maritime Bureau's piracy reports.

Full travel advice:  Travel

Local contacts

• The  Consular Services Charter  details what we can and can't do to help you overseas.
• To stay up to date with local information, follow the High Commission’s social media accounts.
• The  Australian High Commission in Abuja  and Australia’s Honorary Consulate in Lagos provide limited consular and passport services.
• If you travel to do not travel areas despite our advice, we may not be able to provide consular services.

Full travel advice:  Local contacts

Full advice

Security situation.

If you travel to Nigeria, you're at risk of:

• terrorist attack
• violent civil unrest

The security situation could change suddenly. You could get caught up in violence directed at others. If you travel to high-risk areas despite our advice, it is unlikely we will be able to provide consular services. Seek professional security advice and arrange personal security measures.

Violent crime is common in Nigeria, including in parts of Lagos and Abuja. Politically-motivated violence, including terrorist bombings and armed attacks.

Police maintain patrols and checkpoints in many locations in Nigeria, including at entry points into, and key junctions within cities. Police officers or people posing as police officers may ask for bribes. Intimidation may be used, including a display of weapons. We strongly recommend you don’t drive at night. See ' Travel '.

There's a high risk of terrorist attacks in Nigeria by various militant groups.  Further attacks are likely. 

Terrorist attacks:

• can happen anywhere and at any time, and
• may target venues visited by foreigners, including tourists.

Potential targets include a wide range of locations. Avoid places where crowds gather, this includes:

• political meetings and government buildings
• religious gatherings and places of worship
• schools, law enforcement facilities and international organisations
• markets, shopping malls, hotels, bars, restaurants
• sports events
• transport hubs (including train networks)
• camps for displaced people.

Terrorists may seek to target the staff of, or locations closely associated with, foreign governments. Australian officials rarely travel outside of Abuja and Lagos, due to the high-risk security environment. Australian officials always use enhanced security measures when they travel.

Attacks can be large, simultaneous, and might include:

• suicide bombers

Boko Haram is active in north-eastern Nigeria, especially Borno State. Boko Haram also operates in adjacent north eastern states including Adamawa, Bauchi, Gombe and Yobe, and, in the past, has launched attacks further afield such as in Abuja. Over 10,000 people are estimated to have been killed by Boko Haram in more than 10 years of conflict.

The Islamic State West Africa Province has become very active across Nigeria. They have shown a capability and intent to conduct operations in large parts of the country.

Criminal bandit groups are active throughout Nigeria. Attacks on civilians, motorists and local communities can involve gunfire, explosives and kidnapping.

Armed groups often target transport routes. Avoid intercity transport by road and rail. If despite our advice you undertake travel within Nigeria, research routes and get professional security advice and support before departing.

To protect yourself from terrorism:

• always be alert to threats, especially in public places
• avoid non-essential travel
• avoid crowds, and if you must go to a crowded place, have a clear exit plan
• monitor the media for threats, curfews and other restrictions
• take official warnings seriously
• follow the advice of local news and security authorities.

If you're in a ' Do not travel ' area, leave if it's safe to do so.

If there's an attack, leave the area immediately. Avoid the affected area in case of secondary attacks.

More information:

The threat of  kidnapping  is high in all parts of Nigeria,  including in Lagos and Abuja.  Kidnappings may be carried out for either political or criminal reasons, seeking political concessions or ransom payments.

Terrorist organisation, including Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa Province engage in kidnapping throughout Nigeria.

There is an increasing risk of kidnapping throughout Nigeria by criminal bandit groups, and an ongoing risk of kidnapping in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

Seaborne kidnapping in the Gulf of Guinea region is a significant risk.

Kidnappers usually target locals, but foreigners have been taken, including Australians in the past. Foreigners and aid workers may be targets.

If you travel to a high-risk area despite our advice, we may not be able to provide consular services. Seek professional security advice and arrange personal security measures.

The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers.

Civil unrest and political tension

The risk of election related violence in Nigeria is high. Politically motivated murders and kidnappings have occurred. C lashes between political supporters and their opponents or government authorities is high.

While foreigners are not expected to be specifically targeted by election related violence, you may become caught up in election related events.

Demonstrations and protests

Foreigners generally aren't the target of civil unrest. However, you could get caught up in violence directed at others. Avoid public demonstrations, rallies, gatherings, and protest activity. These can turn violent and sometimes been subject to forceful suppression by government security forces, including the use of live fire. Government authorities may also impose local curfews with little warning.

Protests have the potential to occur spontaneously and in several locations at once. Protests can occur anywhere in Nigeria, including in Abuja and Lagos, resulting in violence, looting and deaths. The security situation can change rapidly.

Long-standing tribal, religious, political and community arguments can lead to violence and unrest. Recent civil unrest has also included conflict between cattle herders and villagers in many rural locations of Nigeria. 

There have been strikes and protests over the cost of living in Nigeria.

Trading and business disruptions have occurred as a result of this action. You should maintain stocks of essential supplies during this time.

To protect yourself if you encounter a protest or local tension:

• leave and avoid the immediate affected area
• monitor local media and other sources for updates
• plan for interruptions to phone and internet services
• follow the instructions of local authorities.
• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Violent crime

Nigeria's crime rate is high. Crime increases at night, particularly in major cities and on highways. The following forms of crime are common:

• kidnapping  (see 'Kidnapping')
• violent  assault
• armed robbery  and banditry
• home invasion or burglary
• assaults and robberies on public transport or in taxis
• attacks on motorists travelling between cities (see ‘ Road travel ’).

If you're a victim of violent crime, especially  rape , get immediate medical attention. Nigeria has a higher rate of HIV/AIDS infections than Australia.

Petty crime

To protect yourself from petty crime:

• avoid travel alone or after dark
• avoid conspicuous displays of money in public places or in the presence of persons unknown to you
• take care when changing money or using ATMs
• secure valuable personal items when leaving hotel rooms
• arrange airport and hotel pick-ups with someone you know or by using the airport transfer arrangements of a major hotel
• use hotel car service arrangements rather than local taxis or rideshare apps.

Cyber security

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you’re connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth.

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions, or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media.

• Cyber security when travell ing overseas

Scams and fraud

Commercial and internet fraud often originates in Nigeria.

Criminals often seek details of 'safe' bank accounts overseas, such as yours. They claim they will transfer large sums of money into the account. Victims believe they will get a percentage of the amount involved.

Be aware of other scams where criminals:

• give fake cheques for 'urgent' shipments of goods
• ask for large fees for fake government contracts
• pretend to be calling from your financial institution
• extort money from people the scammers convince to travel to Africa for a business opportunity.

To protect yourself against a scam, be wary of:

• any request to send money to a person in Nigeria, including people you know
• any invitation to Nigeria to meet someone you have met over the internet.

Be careful about giving out personal information or disposing of personal documents while in Nigeria.

Scammers can access your personal data when you use open networks. Be careful when and where you use internet banking and other sites that transmit or store your data or passwords.

If you're travelling to Nigeria, your family and friends may receive bogus phone calls and emails from Nigeria. Scammers may claim that you're in legal, financial or medical trouble and that you need money.

Some scammers may pretend to work to for the Australian High Commission in Abuja and ask you to transfer money to the High Commission.  Check with the High Commission first through its official contact details if you're asked to send money or information to them (see ' Local contacts ' ).

Do not travel to Nigeria to try to get your money back or seek revenge. You could be in danger.

Bogus dating schemes

Scammers in West Africa operate fake online friendship, dating and marriage schemes to defraud and threaten foreigners. They do this by targeting Australians and other foreigners on internet dating sites or chat rooms. They may pose as a prospective friend or partner.

Once a friendship develops, the scammer asks for money to allow them to travel to Australia. In some cases, the scammer ends the relationship once the money has been sent. There's little chance of getting the money back.

In other cases, foreigners are lured to Africa to meet their prospective friend or partner. Once in Africa, they may become the victim of kidnapping, assault, robbery or extortion.

Climate and natural disasters

Nigeria experiences a rainy season is from May to October. In past years, there have been significant casualties and widespread damage to infrastructure caused by severe flooding. Essential services may be disrupted. Follow the advice of local authorities and check the media for updates. 

The dry season is from November to April. Temperatures may be higher than 40°C for multiple days, especially in the north.

Nigeria experiences the Harmattan from December to March. This seasonal wind blows sand and dust in the air. Dust storms are common and flights can change due to bad visibility.

Strong ocean currents occur along the coast. Conditions can change quickly. Several people drown each year.

If a  natural disaster  or  severe weather  happens, follow the advice of local authorities.

• Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System
• National Emergency Management Agency  

Travel insurance

Get comprehensive  travel insurance  before you leave. 

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away

Travel insurance may not cover you for travel to do not travel locations in Nigeria. 

Physical and mental health

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition.

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare, or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your  nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate  to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location .

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips  (Healthdirect Australia)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor. 

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Nigeria. Take enough legal medication for your trip.  Do not assume the same medication will be available in Nigeria if your supply runs out. The quality of medication in Nigeria can't be guaranteed.

Carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use

Health risks

HIV/AIDS  is common in Nigeria.

Take precautions if you engage in activities that may expose you to the virus.

Insect-borne diseases

Yellow fever  is common in Nigeria. Yellow fever is a potentially fatal virus spread by mosquitoes. It's prevented by vaccination, which is a requirement for entry into Nigeria. You must provide proof of vaccination in the form of a 'yellow book'.  Get vaccinated before you leave.

Other common insect-borne diseases include:

To protect yourself from disease:

• make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothes
• consider taking medicine to prevent malaria.

Get medical advice if you have a fever, muscle pain, rash or severe headache.

• Infectious diseases

Other health risks

Lassa fever  occurs in several states in Nigeria. Monitor local media and the World Health Organization for updates.

Lassa fever is spread through contact with rodents or body fluids of infected people. To protect yourself:

• avoid contact with rodents and their droppings
• keep food in clean, rodent-proof containers
• don't eat any food if it could be contaminated
• avoid contact with the blood and body fluids of infected people
• avoid contact with items that may have come in contact with an infected person's blood or body fluids (clothes, bedding, needles, medical equipment).

Monkeypox is endemic in parts of Africa. In areas where monkeypox is found, you should avoid contact with animals (especially primates and rodents), infected people and items that may have come into contact with them.

Common waterborne, foodborne and other infectious diseases include:

• bilharzia (schistosomiasis)
• tuberculosis

Serious outbreaks sometimes occur.

To protect yourself from illness:

• drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid ice cubes
• avoid raw and undercooked food or food that may have been washed in untreated water, including salads
• don't swim in fresh water.

Get medical advice if you have a fever or diarrhoea.

Medical care

Medical facilities.

Medical facilities throughout Nigeria can be basic.

You may need to pay cash up-front before doctors, ambulances and hospitals will treat you, even in an emergency.

If you're seriously ill or injured, you'll need evacuation to a place with better facilities. Medical evacuation can be very expensive.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our  Consular Services Charter . But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Penalties for drug offences are severe. They may include long jail terms and large fines.

• Carrying or using drugs

Death penalty

The death penalty can apply for serious crimes like murder and armed robbery in Nigeria.

Sharia law operates in 12 northern Nigerian states:

• Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara in the north west
• Niger in the north central region
• Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, and Yobe in the north east

Sharia law is increasingly enforced in these areas.

Serious crimes, including stealing, adultery and blasphemy may also lead to harsh punishment under Sharia Law,  including extra-judicial execution or corporal punishment. 

Same-sex relationships largely regarded as socially unacceptable and are illegal in all parts of Nigeria. 

It's illegal to:

• enter into a same-sex marriage or civil union
• plan or take part in a same-sex marriage ceremony
• register, operate or visit gay clubs, societies or organisations
• make any public show of a same-sex relationship
• cross-dress

Same-sex sexual activity between adults can carry severe penalties in states operating under Sharia law.

• Advice for LGBTI travellers

It's illegal to photograph or film around:

• government buildings
• military sites
• diplomatic premises

Restricted areas may not be well defined or signposted.

It's also illegal to:

• smoke in public places
• export African art or artefacts without a permit from the relevant authorities.

See further information on items subject to import and export restrictions for travellers from Nigeria’s Customs service , including under ‘passenger concessions’.

Australian laws

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

• Staying within the law and respecting customs

Dual citizenship

If you're an Australian-Nigerian dual national and aged between 18 and 30, you may be required to join the National Youth Service Corps program.

Nigerian authorities may insist dual nationals enter and exit on a Nigerian passport.

Contact an  embassy or consulate of Nigeria  for advice before you travel.

• Dual nationals

Local customs

Nigeria is ethnically and religiously diverse. Avoid behaving or dressing in ways that might offend local expectations or religious sensitivities, especially outside of urban areas.  Respect religious and cultural customs and laws. 

The Islamic holy month of Ramadan is observed in Nigeria, especially in northern Nigeria. 

During Ramadan, eating, drinking and smoking may be illegal in public during the day ( see 'Sharia Law') . If you're not fasting, avoid these activities around people who are. Seek local advice to avoid offence.

Visas and border measures

Every country or territory decides who can enter or leave through its borders. For specific information about the evidence you'll need to enter a foreign destination, check with the nearest embassy, consulate or immigration department of the destination you're entering. 

You'll need a valid visa to travel or reside in Nigeria. You can apply and pay for a visa online on the Nigeria Immigration Service  website. To complete the process, you'll need to provide your passport by mail or in person to the appropriate Nigerian diplomatic mission in your country.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the  nearest embassy or consulate  for details about visas, customs and quarantine rules.

Border measures

Expect enhanced screening measures at airports.  Check the  Nigerian International Travel Portal  for the most up to date entry requirements.

• Nigeria Immigration Service  

Other formalities

Yellow fever vaccination.

You'll need a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate to enter Nigeria. Some airlines may require sighting your vaccination certificate prior to boarding your flight to Nigeria.

Find out about returning to Australia  after exposure to yellow fever .

• Countries with a risk of yellow fever (PDF 74KB)

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting  a new passport .

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

• In Australia, contact the  Australian Passport Information Service .
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest  Australian embassy or consulate .

Passport with ‘X’ gender identifier

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can’t guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest  embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination  before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers.

• LGBTI travellers

The local currency is the Nigeria Naira (NGN). 

Nigeria is still largely a cash based economy.

You must declare amounts of currencies, negotiable instruments, or precious stones/metals in excess of US$10,000 or its equivalent brought into or out of Nigeria.

Facilities for changing traveller's cheques and Australian dollars are very limited.

US dollars, British Pounds and Euros are easily exchangeable in Nigeria, and usually accepted at:

• major hotels
• foreign exchange services.

ATMs are widely available in major cities only. However, it’s hard to use non-Nigerian debit and credit cards outside of major hotels. Most transactions need to be conducted using local cards, bank transfers or cash.

Fraud is a risk when using debit and credit cards

Local travel

Travel services in Nigeria are not reliable. Not all travel providers accept credit or debit cards. You should reconsider your need to travel and have back-up options.  

Land borders

Avoid travelling over land borders to Nigeria. Nigeria's land borders may open and close at short notice. C heck if the specific border you propose to travel through is open at the time of travel.  Most destinations bordering Nigeria also have a high travel advice level. If despite our advice you travel overland, read the travel advice of the destination you're entering or exiting.

Driving permit

International Driving Permits aren't recognised in Nigeria.

You must have a local driver's licence.

Road travel

Driving in Nigeria is dangerous due to:

• poorly maintained roads and vehicles
• poor local driving habits
• unpredictable pedestrians
• poor signage
• lack of working traffic lights
• poor road lighting

Be alert to security threats, particularly in traffic jams and at traffic lights. Keep your doors locked and windows up at all times.

Avoid travel by domestic road transport between urban centres due to the high incidence of attacks on motorists by criminal gangs, bandits and terrorists. These may stop travellers with nails and branches on the road, fake breakdowns and injured people. If despite our advice, you decide to travel via domestic road transport, you should engage professional security for support and planning. Travelling in an armoured motor vehicle is the safest domestic road transport option.

Expect delays when you travel. This can include:

• authorised and unauthorised police and military roadblocks
• checkpoints
• traffic diversions
• parking restrictions

These will often happen in major cities and after dark.

If you can't produce your identity documents, car registration or ownership papers, police may fine you or ask for a bribe.

If you're in a traffic accident, nearby crowds may gather quickly. They may also overreact if they think you're at fault or use this as an opportunity to assault you or steal from you.

• Driving or riding

Motorcycles

Motorbikes are banned in some cities – for example in Lagos. Check with your travel insurer if your policy covers you to ride a motorcycle.

Always wear a helmet.

Taxis and public transport

We recommend using car hire services organised through a major hotel. Do not use local taxis and ride-sharing services due to poor safety standards and risk of petty crime. Don't use public transport including bus and rail services, to travel both within or between cities. 

Public transport is often unsafe, due to:

• unqualified and uninsured drivers
• poor vehicle maintenance
• high speed driving
• overcrowding
• being targeted by criminal gangs, bandits and terrorists

Travelling in an armoured motor vehicle is the safest option.

At sea or on ships in port, you may encounter:

• armed robbery

Do not travel in the Gulf of Guinea or coastal areas around the Niger Delta. Criminals with speedboats and high-calibre weapons commonly target pleasure crafts, cruise liners, oil tankers, container ships and other large vessels in these areas.

The Nigerian Navy has limited capacity to respond to piracy. The International Maritime Bureau issues  piracy reports .

Domestic and international flights are often overbooked, delayed or cancelled with little notice.

Safety and reliability of some domestic airlines is a concern. Airlines may not have strict maintenance procedures and safety standards. If you travel on these airlines, insurance may not cover you.

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check  Nigeria's air safety profile  with the Aviation Safety Network.

Emergencies

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider

National emergency numbers, 119 and 112, can be unreliable.

Ambulance service response times are unreliable and may not be available outside of major cities.

Police can be slow to respond to reports of criminal activity. Sometimes they may not investigate your report. Sometimes they don't respond at all.

Always try to get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Consular contacts

Read the  Consular Services Charter  for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

Australia has a High Commission in Abuja. However, it may be limited in terms of the consular and passport services it can provide.

Australia has a consulate in Lagos. It provides limited consular assistance and doesn’t issue Australian passports.

Australian High Commission, Abuja

Phone: +234 (0) 9460 6960 Email:  [email protected] Website:  nigeria.highcommission.gov.au Facebook:  Australia in Nigeria X:  @AusHCAbuja

Check the High Commission website for details about services, opening hours, appointments and any temporary closures.

Australian Honorary Consulate, Lagos

8th Floor, Union Marble House 1 Alfred Rewane Road (formerly Kingsway), Falomo Ikoyi Lagos, Nigeria Phone: (+234 0) 803 300 7291 Email:  [email protected]

Australia has an Honorary Consulate in Lagos which provides limited consular assistance, contact the High Commission in Abuja for consular enquires first. 

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia

Travelling to Nigeria?

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• COVID-19 Travel Guide
• Instructions

Nigeria COVID-19 Travellers Guide

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As of January 2023, the following health measures appear to have been suspended.

Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic health requirements and procedures for travellers into Nigeria. The guidelines are derived from a collaboration between The Presidential Steering Committee (PSC) TaskForce on Covid-19, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), the Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC), Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA), in accordance with recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO).

If you are already familiar with the standard protocol, you can jump to updates to ensure that you have the latest information before your travel to Nigeria. These measures also apply to returning Nigerians

Covid-19 Travel Procedure

Pre-departure.

Before leaving your country of domicile, ensure the following:

• If not fully vaccinated, have a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test done at an accredited (certified) laboratory in country of departure no more than 2 days (48 hours) before boarding. Only negative PCR test results will be accepted.
• Register on the Nigeria International Travel Portal (NITP) . Complete and submit the online Health Declaration/Self-Reporting Form and ensure the phone number and address provided are correct. Information on Diplomats and children 10 years and below must be updated in the relevant section on the portal.
• If not fully vaccinated, upload the negative PCR test results on the NITP platform, then choose a Sample Collection Centre with an appointment date.
• Make Online Payment for the repeat COVID-19 PCR test to be done 2 days and 7 days after arrival in Nigeria. Follow the online instruction to generate a QR Code Access Report. It is strongly recommended that payment be made online before boarding as payment on arrival can lead to long delays before exiting the airport.

On arrival in Nigeria, observe the protocol below:

• Undergo Port Health screening and present electronic or print-out evidence of QR Code. Passengers facing difficulties with payment on the NITP portal should present a hard copy of the negative PCR test or evidence of full vaccination, completed Health Screening Form, evidence of appointment and payment for a repeat PCR test in Nigeria.
• Unvaccinated or Partially Vaccinated Travellers Proceed to undergo a 7-day mandatory self-isolation. During isolation, avoid all physical interaction with other people (family, friends, co-workers etc).
• During self-isolation, travellers will be monitored by Public Health Officers via telephone. Persons undergoing self-isolation and awaiting repeat COVID-19 tests are required to check their emails for updates on repeat PCR test from chosen laboratory.
• For unvccinated or partially vaccinated travellers - On the 2nd and 7th day after arrival, go to the selected sample collection centre and have samples taken for the repeat PCR test. You will be required to provide a valid means of identification.

Important Alerts

Travellers developing Covid-19 symptoms on arrival or during screening will be placed in institutional quarantine for care.

Travellers who test positive for COVID-19 will be managed based on national guidelines for treatment. Those who test negative after 7 days will end self-isolation.

Business travellers and/or travellers on official duties intending to stay in Nigeria for 7 days or less must be fully vaccinated.

Fully vaccinated travellers do not need to observe the strict mandatory 7-day quarantine but are expected to adhere to general covid-19 guidelines - wear a face mask and maintain social distancing.

Unvaccinated or partially vaccinated travellers with a PCR test result older than 48 hours, or with COVID-19 symptoms, will not be allowed to board.

There is a mandatory 7-day self-isolation period for unvaccinated and partially vaccinated travellers. Those who fail to repeat the PCR test by Days 2 and 7 of arrival may face suspension of their passports, inclusion on a travel watch list (no-fly list) or 6 months denial of international travel.

All PCR test payments go to private laboratories directly, via the payment method selected. No money is paid to the NCDC, Port Health Services or the Presidential Task Force on COVID-19.

Travellers departing Nigeria should follow their airline and destination country guidelines and requirements for COVID-19 control/prevention.

Implementation of COVID-19 prevention and control measures may cause some delay in the facilitation process. Due to anticipated delays, travellers are to arrive at the airport early; at least 1hr 30mins for domestic and 3h for international flights.

Covid-19 Protocol Updates

02 apr 2022, updated international travel protocol.

With effect from 4th April 2022 , fully vaccinated travelers are not required to undergo the 48 hour prior PCR Test. FULLY VACCINATED refers to a person who received 2 doses any of the following COVID-19 vaccines at least 2 weeks before date of Travel: Pfizer/Bio-Ntech, Moderna, Astra-Zeneca, Sputnik, Sinopharm, Sinovac, COVAXIN, COVOVAX, Nuvaxovid or a single dose Johnson and Johnson or Sputnik Light.

02 Dec 2021

With effect from 5th December 2021 , PCR test before departure is required to be done within 48 hours. FULLY VACCINATED means at least Two weeks following 2 completed doses of either AstraZeneca, Pfizer or Moderna vaccines OR a single dose of J and J vaccine. PARTIALLY VACCINATED means 1 completed dose of the aforementioned vaccines. Guidelines for inbound passengers updated and Guidelines for outbound passengers provided.

02 Nov 2021

Upgrade alert on the nitp system.

Between 2nd and 4th November 2021 , The Nigeria International Travel Portal NITP will undergo a system upgrade for better performance and experience. Services may be down during the period.

22 Oct 2021

Effective from 25th October 2021 , Turkey, Brazil and South Africa have been removed from the list of restricted countries. No longer limited to only Business and Official Duty Travellers, all other arrivals fully vaccinated with 2 completed or mixed doses of either AstraZeneca, Pfizer or Moderna vaccines OR a single dose of Johnson and Johnson vaccine, will not be required to observe the mandatory 7-days self-isolation but will be required to do a COVID-19 PCR test on Day 2 of arrival in Nigeria.

15 Oct 2021

Revised international travel protocol.

Effective from 25th October 2021 , Business Travellers and visitors on official duties intending to stay in Nigeria for 7 days or less are required to be fully vaccinated in addition to negative PCR test result done within 72 hours of boarding the flight to Nigeria.

13 Sep 2021

Provisional quarantine protocol.

Effective from 20th September 2021 , mandatory quarantine time is reduced from 14 to 7 days. Another PCR test is required for all arrivals on day 2 of the mandatory 7-day quarantine.

10 May 2021

Covid-19 implementation guidelines.

Effective from 11th May 2021 , India is removed from the revised verson of the covid-19 implementation guidelines for phased restrictions, due to high vax rates in the country.

27 Apr 2021

Travel protocol for diplomats.

All requests for entry of diplomats should be made to the Presidential Steering Committee on COVID-19 (PSC) through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. An additional request to waive the mandatory 7-day self-isolation can be made to, reviewed by, or/and granted by the PSC

The information above is based upon travel protocols and covid-19 procedures applicable travellers into Nigeria. For all covid-19 related announcements from all Nigerian Missions around the world, please click here . For all covid-19 guideline releases from NCDC, please click here . If you already understand the travel protocol and ready for your travel arrangements to Nigeria, please click here

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14 things to know before visiting Nigeria

Apr 5, 2023 • 8 min read

Make the most of your visit to Nigeria with these top things to plan for in advance © i_am_zews / Shutterstock

After they have spent a day or two in Nigeria , most visitors are surprised to see that the country is so much more than its reputation for scam artists and kidnappings. Shake off that image, and your trip could turn out to be one of your most fulfilling travel experiences.

The moment you step out of Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) – the default port of entry for most international visitors  – you’ll immediately sense that you’re entering a world of wonder and contrasts.

You’ll find some of that wonder in Nigeria’s everyday people who are hard-working and full of life, in its centuries-old festivals and vernacular architecture, not to mention the legacies of ancient empires and kingdoms. If food is the reason you travel, then prepare to be wowed by an unbeatable range of local cuisine.

Plan the perfect visit to Nigeria with these top tips and things you should know before you go.

1. Stay up to date with the latest protocols

For the second time in under a year, Nigeria has revised its COVID-19 protocols. The most recent, announced last March and effective in April, drops mandatory PCR tests for fully-vaccinated international visitors. Check the online travel portal  of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) for additional guidelines.

2. If you qualify, apply in advance for a Visa on Arrival

The Nigerian government recently introduced a Visa on Arrival service for tourists, business travelers and citizens of African Union countries. Issued by the Nigeria Immigration Service, and valid for 90 days, it also covers visitors traveling from countries where Nigeria has no embassy or mission. Details for which nationalities qualify for a Visa on Arrival are available at the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) .

The key requirement here is that someone must apply online  on your behalf from Nigeria, no earlier than 14 days before your departure date. Even when they get a Visa Approval Letter, visitors are sometimes delayed by needless formalities at the airport. It helps to have your host deal with the red tape that could surface on the ground.

3. Book short-let serviced apartments online in advance

Nigeria’s healthy hospitality industry is complemented by a fast-growing real estate sector. This means that besides standard hotels, you can choose from a wide range of short-let serviced apartments, which can be booked easily online; the advantage here is that you can see everyday Nigeria play out at close quarters. Many Nigerians returning home for holidays use this option for their accommodations.

At the moment, there is no centralized service or regulation. There's been a boom post-pandemic, and most properties are in Lagos. Check Airbnb , Booking.com and other home-grown platforms, including  shortlethomes.net ,  shortletrentals.com  and  plistbooking.com

4. Pack light clothing to stay cool

Nigeria is in the tropics, so humidity and heat are constant companions. With average temperatures ranging between 30–34°C (86–93°F), you will be sweaty for most of the day. Pack light cotton fabrics, shorts and t-shirts. 

There are two broad weather seasons, rainy and dry; the southern half of the country has longer periods of rain than the northern half. Nearer to the southern coast, the vegetation is the tropical rainforest. As you head further north, it gradually gives way to savanna plains and desert landscapes. In addition to sunscreens, it’s advisable to have a bottle of water handy when outdoors.

5. There are many cultures in Nigeria

Nigeria is a country of multiple identities. For context, Nigeria – all 973,000 sq km of it – is 2.5 times the size of Germany. With a population of roughly 200 million, almost evenly divided between the Christians and Muslims, it’s splintered into more than 250 ethnic groups and at least 500 dialects. Plus, there are layers and layers of cultural and political history. 

6. Keep calm at Lagos airport  

It can be a hassle to pass through Immigration and Passport Control at the MMIA. There are many reported cases of officials soliciting tips, but this is not unique to foreigners: Nigerians returning from trips abroad face the same scenario. Arrival formalities are less stressful at the international wing of the newer and neater Nnamdi Azikiwe Airport in Abuja, the country’s federal capital.

It's always good to know someone on the ground who can be reached in the case of any incident. Usually, whatever it is can be resolved with a phone call or two with a local contact.

Nigerians detest it when officials "ask for a dash" (a gratuity or bribe). They might oblige on a good day, but will flatly refuse and move on at other times. Because travelers won't have the local currency (Naira) on them on arrival, they should politely decline, with a smile.

7. Have a local meet you at the airport or help negotiate taxi rates

Lagos has a reputation for being disorderly. With about 20 million residents, it is also a very crowded and noisy city. But in those unappealing vistas lies its charm and magnetism, for both Lagosians and visitors alike. If you can cut through that jumble, it's bliss afterward. 

Be warned: driving around Lagos , as a recent visitor observed, is like racing in Formula 1. With scarce road markings and traffic signs, not to mention carefree motorists in danfos and kabu-kabus , it requires deft driving skills to move around. 

Wherever your flight lands, it’s best to arrange in advance for a resident to pick you up or help negotiate with airport taxis. In Nigeria, bargaining is a fixture of everyday living. In addition to taxis and bus shuttles, there’s a light rail shuttle at Abuja airport that goes to the city center and terminates at the Idu Station. 

8. Expect friendly greetings and small talk  

Nigerians naturally warm up to visitors of all shades and are known to lavish greetings on guests. Either in person or on the phone, the greetings are typically small talk, and will simply be questions about how your trip was, what brings you to town, and how are your family back home. They then bid you to enjoy your stay.

Your host or guide should be able to walk you through this pleasant ritual. Every day Nigerians are excited by the sight of Westerners. They’ll usually wave at you happily, saying, “ Oyinbo , how are you?” Aside from waving back, nothing much is expected of you other than “I’m fine, thank you” or a smile.

9. Attend a Nigerian celebration in an  aso ebi

Don’t let the pervasive poverty mislead you – Nigerians are happy people who have learned to make lemonade from lemons. We hustle almost every day of our lives, but we also socialize a great deal, usually at birthday and wedding celebrations. If you’re lucky to be invited to one while you’re in town, be sure to accept and get your aso ebi  – the clothing Nigerians wear at family or social functions. Families or celebrants will choose a fabric type and design and make it available to guests for a price. Guests then have them fitted in whatever style they please and wear it on the day of the celebrations.  This experience could very well be the high point of your visit.

If you can't get an aso ebi , a traditional Nigerian dress can be made within 48–72 hours. It begins with going to get the fabric at an open market, and finding a neighborhood tailor who will sew it. Alternatively, clothes can be bought ready-made at malls and boutiques, but they will cost more.

10. Learn some pidgin

English is Nigeria’s lingua franca, and the average person you meet can hold a conversation in English. But for everyday dealings, Nigerians talk among themselves in pidgin, bridging the language divide. A good number of the expatriate community, the Asians in the main, have mastered this over the years and speak it fluently. 

A few key pidgin phrases in everyday use:

How now?/How you dey? –  How are you? Abeg –  Please No wahala   –  No problems I wan go market   –  I'm going to the market Na wa ooo   –  I'm surprised/shocked I no get change –  I don't have spare money to give (a perfect phrase should airport officials ask for money).

11. Make room for worship times

Nigeria is a maze of mosques and churches, and Nigerians are passionate about their religions. On Fridays, neighborhood streets and major roads may be blocked for juma’at prayers, resulting in temporary traffic. In some areas, markets and shop fronts may be closed for the same reason. On Sundays, the Christians, elegantly dressed and sprightly, flock to church in their millions. Keep these in mind while planning your schedule.

12. Malaria is a risk

As a traveler in Nigeria, your greatest concern should be malaria, the bane of Western visitors for decades but now treatable with an injection or drugs available over the counter at standard pharmacies.

To keep the chances of mosquito bites low, carry and use insect repellents as often as medically recommended. Better still, get medical advice before traveling or check the latest recommendations by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) on prevention and treatment. Wear long-sleeve tops and pants if you’ll be walking in forests or parks.

13. Drink bottled water

There is no reliable public water supply in most parts of the country, and the population depends largely on privately-funded sources. Outside the hotels and restaurants, you’ll find bottled water on sale almost everywhere you go – on highways and in supermarkets. They’re safe to drink if you’re outdoors and feel a sudden need to rehydrate. 

14. Chances of kidnap are low

Unless you’re venturing into remote areas, the chances of being kidnapped in a Nigerian town or city are low. As a precaution, some hosts hire private security personnel for their international guests. In the event of an emergency, you may call the federal emergency lines (112 or 119), or find and report to the nearest police station.

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Travel Advice for Nigeria

Going to Nigeria and need to know about the latest government travel advice for Nigeria? Find the updated travel advice and travel warnings for Nigeria from governments around the world, here.

General Travel Advice and Warnings for Nigeria

The decision to travel to Nigeria is your choice and you are responsible for your individual safety and security whilst in Nigeria.

The web content on this web page is offered information only and collected from travel advice and warnings for Nigeria by governments around the globe to their citizens.

While we make every effort to offer you most recent travel advice information, it is supplied on an “as is” basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied.

This owners of this website does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information given.

General Cautions Travellers Need to Keep in Mind Whilst Travelling in Nigeria

Crime – Petty criminal activities such as pick pocketing in a congested surrounding to sexual assault and robberies do happen in larger cities of Nigeria. Make sure that all your personal belongings, such as passports and other travel documents, are secure at all times.

Terrorism – Constantly be aware of your surroundings whenever in public places. Be particularly cautious if participating in sporting occasions and throughout religious holidays and various other public occasions, as terrorists frequently make use of such celebrations to mount attacks.

Demonstrations and Protests – Demonstrations may take place. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any moment. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transport. It is in your interest of safety to keep away from areas where demonstrations and big gatherings are happening and follow the instructions of local authorities. Monitor local media in Nigeria for information on continuous demonstrations in Nigeria.

Scams – Exercise caution in crowded tourist areas in Nigeria, where scammers target tourists. If you have actually been scammed in Nigeria, reach a safe place immediately; take note, as soon as possible of the name and address of the facility where you were held; notify the cops in Nigeria and acquire a record and if your credit card is used by the scammer call your credit card company to inform the fraud; they will likely ask for a copy of the police report to cancel the financial transaction.

Spiked Food and Beverages – Never ever leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers when travelling in Nigeria or anywhere else. Watch out for accepting snacks, drinks, chewing gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items might contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and mugging.

What is the entry/exit conditions for Nigeria?

Every country or territory decides who can get in or exit through its borders, in the same manner Nigeria decides who enter its territories. The Government of your home country cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not satisfy your Nigeria’s entry or exit requirements.

To learn more about the entry/exit requirement for Nigeria visit visa requirements for Nigeria or get the current information with the visa office at the Nigerian embassy in your home country.

Travel insurance policy for Nigeria

Travel health cover is one of the primary factors visitors get travel insurance policy. It will not avoid you getting sick or seriously injured, though it can stop you being affected financially. Medical aid overseas can be really expensive.

You need to pay for all treatment you get overseas. You can’t expect to get free or subsidised treatment through your Nigeria’s public health system, like you would in your home country.

If you can’t pay, local authorities might detain you. The government from your home country can not pay you health care costs for you, loan you money or get you out of jail.

You need travel insurance for travelling to Nigeria . You also need to ensure you pick a policy that is right for you.

Read the fine print of your travel insurance policy.

Declare all pre-existing conditions to your travel insurance company upfront. If you don’t, you may void your travel insurance plan.

Tell your travel insurer the activities you plan to do, prior to you go. Many popular activities like winter sports are excluded in basic policies. You may require to pay extra.

Check if you have complimentary credit card travel insurance policy. Some cards include travel insurance policy cover. Nevertheless, they frequently have various conditions than paid plans. Be aware of the differences.

If you’re visiting Nigeria from a country that has a reciprocal health care arrangement, you still require travel medical insurance. Agreements are limited in what they’ll will cover.

If you have an incurable illness, you might not be able to get basic travel insurance policy. Nonetheless you might be able to get a specialised insurance company that covers you for health, mishaps or property troubles unconnected to your ailment. Talk to your insurer to find out.

Discover more about obtaining global travel insurance coverage for Nigeria prior to you go.

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Last verified: Thursday, 18. April 2024 at 08:12 AM

Nigeria Travel Advisory

• Western Africa
• Nigeria Travel Advice

Please reconsider your need to travel to Nigeria

Local situation: 3.8 / 5.

Please reconsider your need to travel to Nigeria. We detected travel advisories from 8 sources for this specific country.

Regional Situation: 3.7 / 5

Nigeria shares a land border with 4 neighbouring states. For this region of countries (including Nigeria), the Advisory Index is 3.7 (average value over all countries). All countries have some reported advisories: Niger (4.7), Chad (3.7), Benin with 3.3 and Cameroon with 3.2 (of 5).

Current informationen on Covid-19 in Nigeria

There are currently no officially reported cases of infections with SARS-CoV-2 (or Coronavirus) in Nigeria. As reported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control this morning (~8:30am CET).

There are currently no officially reported deaths related to this disease in Nigeria.

Source: www.ecdc.europa.eu

Advice scoring history for Nigeria

Chart of the risk level over that last 200 days. This is the daily calculated travel risk for Nigeria.

Chart of the number of sources over that last 200 days. This is the daily number of advisory sources (of any rating) that have been active on that day.

Note: Changes happening on the 28th/29th of July 2019 are related to a change in the software and number of sources processed.

Rating Details (single travel warnings)

These are the individual advisories published by other countries about the destination Nigeria from a travellers perspective. The scoring of all messages combined is the foundation for the current rating 3.8 out of 5.0 .

This is the general advisory usually covering the country as a whole.

Advisory issued by: New Zealand

Avoid non-essential travel elsewhere in Nigeria, including Abuja, (except the cities of Calabar and Lagos), due to the threat from terrorism, kidnapping and violent crime (level 3 of 4).

Source: https://www.safetravel.govt.nz/nigeria

This is a regional information covering specific areas of Nigeria.

Issued by: New Zealand government

Info: If you are planning international travel at this time, please read our COVID-19 related travel advice here, alongside our destination specific travel advice below.

Info: Exercise increased caution in the cities of Calabar and Lagos due to the threat of terrorism and violent crime (level 2 of 4).

Info: Do not travel to the states of Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Borno, Delta, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Niger, Plateau, Rivers (including Port Harcourt and Bonny Island), the river areas of Cross River state, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe and Zamfara. There is an ongoing significant threat from terrorism and a very high threat of kidnapping, localised conflict, and armed attacks in these areas. The security situation is volatile. If you are in one of these areas you should consider departing as soon as it is safe to do so. (Level 4 of 4).

Advisory issued by: Germany

Nigeria: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise (Teilreisewarnung). The German government advises againt travelling this country.

Source: https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/ReiseUndSicherheit/nigeriasicherheit/205788

Advisory issued by: Canada

The Canadian goverment suggests: Avoid non-essential travel (with regional advisories).

Source: https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/nigeria

Advisory issued by: Finland

Iaktta särskild försiktighet - Undvik alla resor till Nigerdeltat. I huvudstaden Abuja och i affärslivets centrum Lagos är situationen till stora delar lugn och relativt trygg. Risken för terrorattacker i hela landet kan inte uteslutas. Det allmänna säkerhetsläget i Nigeria är dåligt. Det förekommer en risk för brottslighet och kidnappning i hela ...

Source: https://um.fi/resemeddelande/-/c/NG

Issued by: Finnish government

Coverage: Borno

Info: Undvik alla resor

Advisory issued by: Australia

We’ve reviewed our advice for Nigeria and continue to advise reconsider your need to travel. Do not travel levels apply in some areas. There’s a high risk of terrorist attacks and kidnappings across Nigeria, including in the capital city Abuja. Attacks are likely and potential targets include a wide range of locations. We advise: Reconsider your need to ...

Source: https://www.smartraveller.gov.au/destinations/africa/nigeria

Advisory issued by: United States

Source: http://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/nigeria-travel-advisory.html

Individual rating changes for Nigeria

This is the recent history of individual changes of travel advices that affected the total asessment of Nigeria. Most recent events first.

Changes from April 9th 2020

The total rating for Nigeria changed from 3.4 to 3.7 . Here are the influencing details:

The Austrian government increased their existing warning for Nigeria to 5.0 (of 5.0) from the previous rating of 3.0 (by +2.0).

Changes from March 18th 2020

The total rating for Nigeria changed from 3.3 to 3.4 . Here are the influencing details:

The Australian government increased their existing warning for Nigeria to 5.0 (of 5.0) from the previous rating of 4.0 (by +1.0).

Changes from March 17th 2020

The total rating for Nigeria changed from 3.2 to 3.3 . Here are the influencing details:

The Irish government increased their existing warning for Nigeria to 4.0 (of 5.0) from the previous rating of 3.0 (by +1.0).

Changes from December 19th 2019

The total rating for Nigeria changed from 3.1 to 3.2 . Here are the influencing details:

The Australian government increased their existing warning for Nigeria to 4.0 (of 5.0) from the previous rating of 3.0 (by +1.0).

Changes from November 29th 2019

The total rating for Nigeria changed from 3.0 to 3.1 . Here are the influencing details:

The Danish government increased their existing warning for Nigeria to 4.0 (of 5.0) from the previous rating of 3.0 (by +1.0).

Changes from September 25th 2019

The total rating for Nigeria changed from 0.0 to 0.0 . Here are the influencing details:

The Australian government issued a new warning for Nigeria with a rating of 3.0.

The United States government issued a new warning for Nigeria with a rating of 4.0.

The German government issued a new warning for Nigeria with a rating of 3.0.

The Austrian government issued a new warning for Nigeria with a rating of 3.0.

The Canadian government issued a new warning for Nigeria with a rating of 3.0.

The New Zealand government issued a new warning for Nigeria with a rating of 2.0.

The Irish government issued a new warning for Nigeria with a rating of 3.0.

The Finnish government issued a new warning for Nigeria with a rating of 3.0.

The Danish government issued a new warning for Nigeria with a rating of 3.0.

About Nigeria

Nigeria with its capital Abuja is a country in Africa (Western Africa), slightly more than twice the size of California (923,768 km²). The country is located Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon. The climate can be described as varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north. The landscape is southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north. With a population of about 138.28 million citizens.

Nigerian flag

Introduction Video

Basic statistics and facts, environmental problems and natural hazzards.

These are problems Nigeria is facing. Environmental issues refer to damages of the nature due to industry and society. Natural hazzards refer to potential dangers originating in nature.

Environmental problems

• desertification
• has suffered serious damage from oil spills
• loss of arable land
• oil pollution - water
• rapid deforestation
• rapid urbanization
• soil degradation
• urban air and water pollution

Natural hazzards

• periodic droughts

Top Industries and Agricultural Products

These are the main product industries and agricultural products of Nigeria. This list indicates what this country is good at producing.

• food products

Agriculture products

Nigerian Imports and Exports

These are the main product categories of imports and exports to and from Nigeria.

Export products

• petroleum products

Import products

• live animals
• manufactured goods
• transport equipment

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the current travel advisory for nigeria.

Nigeria is currently rated at 3,8 out of a possible 5.0. Collected from 8 official sources. Please reconsider your need to travel to Nigeria.

Is it safe to travel Nigeria in 2024?

The score is rather high ( 3,8 ) and you should avoid all non-essential travel to Nigeria. Maybe pick another location.

How many travel advisories do you know for Nigeria?

We currently evaluate 11 official sources each morning. Today, we know of active advisories from 8 individual sources for Nigeria.

What is the current Corona virus situation in Nigeria?

There are currently no officially reported cases of infections with SARS-CoV-2 (or Coronavirus) in Nigeria. As reported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control this morning (~8:30am CET). There are currently no officially reported deaths related to this disease in Nigeria.

What is the size of Nigeria?

Nigeria has a size of 923,768 km² or 356,669 mi² which is slightly more than twice the size of California.

Common Frequently Asked Questions

For non-country specific questions, please check our global F.A.Q.

Travel safety map for Nigeria and bordering countries.

If you want to embed Nigeria travel warning information into your website or application, check out these tools.

• Is Nigeria safe to travel?
• What's the safety situation in Nigeria?
• Are there security warnings for Nigeria?

2020-03-10: Integrated data from European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (COVID-19/ SARS-CoV-2/ Coronavirus).

2019-09-01: Added timeline charts for risk level and number of advisories.

2019-07-29: Added two more sources (Finland and Denmark). Affects country ratings.

2019-07-15: South-Sudan was missing and was added today.

2019-05-18: Performance improvements for API users.

2019-03-23: Introduced professional API with more data.

2019-02-13: Added three more sources (Cyprus, Ireland and Malta). Affects country ratings.

Update April 12, 2024

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Nigeria travel advice

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Nigeria travel alerts

There are currently no travel alerts - You're good to go!

Please check the travel advice for all countries in your itinerary .

Entry requirements

For fully vaccinated travellers, pre-departure tests.

From the 12 December 2022, all passengers regardless of vaccination status no longer require a pre (or post) departure COVID-19 test. 

Proof of Vaccination

All customers travelling to Lagos are no longer required to provide proof of their vaccination status. 

Entry documents

You must complete a  health declaration  form online prior to your arrival into Lagos. You can find and complete the form  here  ahead of arriving at the airport.

COVID-19 testing on arrival

From the 12 December 2022, all passengers regardless of vaccination status no longer require a pre or post departure COVID-19 test. 

You are not required to self-isolate on arrival in Lagos.

Exit requirements

From the 12 December 2022, all passengers regardless of vaccination status no longer require a post (or pre) departure COVID-19 test. 

If you are a UK passport holder visiting Nigeria, your passport should be valid for a minimum period of 6 months from your date of entry into Nigeria.

This guidance is for UK passport holders only.  Passengers from other countries  should check with the necessary Government department in their country of residence for travel information.

If you are not a Nigerian national, you'll usually need a visa to visit the country. Entry requirements differ, depending on your nationality and the reason for your visit.

To find out more about the entry requirements into Nigeria, please contact the Nigeria High Commission.

Apply for a Nigerian visa

If you need a Nigerian visa, we can help. We've partnered with VisaCentral, the global visa and passport experts, where for a fee they will apply for your visa on your behalf. And if you're a Flying Club member, you'll also earn two miles for every £1 you spend.​

Apply for your visa now

You can also apply for your visa through the Nigeria High Commission in London:

Nigeria High Commission

Tel:  020 7839 1244

Opening hours Mon - Fri: from 09:30am to 05:30pm

For non vaccinated / partially vaccinated travellers

From 12 December 2022, all passengers regardless of vaccination status no longer require a pre (or post) departure COVID-19 test. 

You must complete a  health declaration  f orm online prior to your arrival into Lagos. You can find and complete the form here ahead of arriving at the airport.

You are not required to quarantine on arrival in Lagos

Masks are no longer mandatory onboard the aircraft or in the terminal building when travelling to/from Lagos. 

Spraying in the cabin

The process of disinsection is required by WHO (World Health Organisation) and local health authorities to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, e.g. Malaria.

On our Lagos route, we spray the inside of the aircraft with insecticides, which is recommended under the WHO based on their safety and effectiveness.

The spray we use onboard is Phenothrin (1R-trans phenothrin), which dissipates within a few minutes after being sprayed in the cabin.    

Our cabin crew will make an onboard announcement when the spraying of insecticides is about to take place. We encourage customers to use this opportunity to cover their nose, eyes and mouth if they wish to do so. 

Airport guides

Murtala Muhammed International Airport (LOS)

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The Federal Government of Nigeria facilitates admission into Nigerian tertiary institutions for Nigerian students affected by the conflict in Ukraine.

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Regional risks

This section has safety advice for regions of Nigeria. It only covers regions where FCDO has specific advice. 

Insecurity is increasing across Nigeria. Kidnapping, violent crime, and intercommunal violence occur throughout all regions of Nigeria. You should also read FCDO ’s overall travel advice and safety and security advice .

North East Nigeria

FCDO advises against all travel to Borno State, Yobe State, Adamawa State and Gombe State.

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to Bauchi and Taraba states.

There is a high and increasing threat from Boko Haram or Islamic State West Africa, particularly around transport hubs, religious areas and large gatherings. Humanitarian personnel, vehicles, supplies and infrastructure can be targeted by terrorists and criminals.

There is a high threat of kidnap and violent attacks. Intercommunal tensions can lead to outbreaks of violence. During the dry season when roads are more easily accessible this risk is heightened. 

Regular military operations are ongoing in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states. There is a risk of retaliatory attacks.

If you’re in the north-east against FCDO advice, keep in touch with the authorities and the wider community on the security situation. Make sure your safety procedures and contingency plans are up to date. If you are working, make sure you have confidence in your employer’s ability to extract you in the event of any emergency.

If in Maiduguri, be aware that if security were to deteriorate any further, it could be extremely difficult for you to leave the city. FCDO does not advise travelling by road in this area. 

North West Nigeria

FCDO advises against all travel to Kaduna State, Katsina State and Zamfara State.

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to Kano State, Jigawa State, and Sokoto State, and within 20km of the border with Niger in Kebbi State.

Banditry and violent attacks are frequent and there is a high threat of kidnap. Incidents of intercommunal violence occur and trains are vulnerable to attack. If you’re travelling in the north-west against FCDO advice, be extremely cautious and monitor local media.

North Central Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory, including Abuja

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to Niger, Kogi, and Plateau states due to criminal and militant activity and incidents of intercommunal violence.

The outer suburbs of Abuja, within the Federal Capital Territory are prone to varying levels of violence, and the safety of daily activity is unpredictable. Violent crime, often involving firearms, has increased and spread from the outer suburbs to more central, wealthier areas of the city.

The risk of terrorism in Abuja and the Federal Capital Territory area has increased. Islamic State West Africa ( ISWA ) has claimed responsibility for attacks. In one attack on Kuje Prison in Abuja in 2022, an unknown number of prisoners escaped, including suspected terrorists. The risk is present across the Federal Capital Territory, including Abuja, particularly in the border areas.

Be cautious when travelling in the Federal Capital Territory. Take advice from trusted contacts and be prepared to cancel or limit your plans.

There are regular protests in Abuja, which can turn violent. Monitor local media, avoid demonstrations and large gatherings and follow instructions from local police and security forces.

South East and South South Nigeria

FCDO advises against all travel to the riverine areas (the river and swamp locations accessible by boat, but not by road) of Delta, Bayelsa, Rivers, Akwa Ibom and Cross River states.

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to Abia, Anambra and Imo states and non-riverine areas of Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers states.

Militant groups are active across the Niger Delta region and have carried out a number of attacks on oil and gas infrastructure. There’s a high risk of armed robbery, criminality and kidnap in the Niger Delta region.

There have been a number of attacks and targeted killings. Some attacks have been on isolated roads and in remote locations, but they could occur in metropolitan areas. There is also a heightened risk of indiscriminate attacks on police and security infrastructure, which may affect bystanders. A number of states have imposed curfews. Be cautious about travelling in remote areas at night and follow local news and information outlets.

Secessionist groups are active in the south-east and attacks and violent clashes often occur with the military and other security forces. Although foreign nationals are not normally targeted, there is a risk you could be caught in an attack. A period of civil disobedience is expected from 15-19 December. Some previous protests have turned violent.  Anyone travelling to the region should exercise increased caution and continue to follow FCDO travel advice. Monitor local government announcements and media reporting.

South West Nigeria

Violent crime such as mugging, kidnapping, car-jacking and armed robberies are common, particularly in the larger cities . Large-scale attacks are rare, but Islamic State West Africa claimed 2 attacks in 2022. Intercommunal violence is common. While these attacks have not targeted foreign nationals, try to avoid being caught up in such incidents.

Be alert and take any security advice given by your hotel, employer or your hosts.

Nigeria borders

The Nigeria-Niger land border has been closed by the Nigerian authorities in response to the political situation in Niger. Additional checks are in place at the Nigeria-Benin, Nigeria-Niger and Nigeria-Cameroon land borders. If you’re planning to make a land crossing from Nigeria, check with the local authorities for the latest information before travelling.

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