reason to visit a doctor

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Top List of Reasons People Go To the Doctor

Dana Sparks

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A new Mayo Clinic Proceedings study shows people most often visit health care providers because of skin issues, joint disorders and back pain .   

Jennifer St. Sauver, Ph.D. , says, "Much research already has focused on chronic conditions, which account for the majority of health care utilization and costs in middle-aged and older adults. We were interested in finding out about other types of conditions that may affect large segments of the population across all age groups." Dr. St. Sauver is the primary author of the study and a member of the Population Health Program within the Mayo Clinic Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery .

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The graphic and b-roll from the Rochester Epidemiology Project, plus sound bites with Dr. St. Sauver are available in the downloads below

Expert title for broadcast cg: Dr. Jennifer St. Sauver, Mayo Clinic Epidemiologist

• Mayo Clinic: Skin Problems, Joint Disorders Top List of Reasons People Visit Doctors Mayo Clinic Researchers Identify Enzyme Involved in Deadly Brain Tumors

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When to See a Doctor

The decision regarding when to see a doctor or other health care professional may vary, depending on whether the visit is for preventive care (routine visits), for medical problems, or for an emergency. (See also Introduction to Making the Most of Health Care and Using Telemedicine .)

Routine visits

Generally, everyone should routinely see their doctor, dentist, and eye doctor for preventive care . Women should routinely see their primary care doctor or gynecologist for gynecologic examinations . People can obtain a schedule of what type of care is required and how often visits are needed from their primary care doctor. Usually, infants and older people need more frequent preventive visits, but frequency also depends on a person’s health conditions. For example, a person with diabetes or a heart disorder (or risk factors for them) may need to have checkups and often testing relatively frequently.

Visits for a problem

When symptoms or other medical problems develop between preventive visits, people may be unsure whether they need to see a doctor. Many symptoms and problems can be handled at home. For example, most routine colds do not require a doctor’s attention or antibiotic treatment. Many small cuts and abrasions can be handled by first cleaning them with mild soap and water, then applying an antibiotic ointment and a protective covering (see Wounds: First-Aid Treatment ).

People with certain disorders should see a doctor sooner rather than later when new symptoms develop. For example, if people with a chronic lung disorder (such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ) begin to have difficulty breathing or if people with a weakened immune system get a fever, they should see a doctor promptly. The immune system may be weakened by diabetes , human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection , use of chemotherapy drugs , or other conditions. People with chronic disorders should discuss with the doctor in advance what new or changed symptoms should prompt a nonroutine visit.

When unsure about the need to see a doctor or other practitioner, people should call their primary care doctor for guidance. Some doctors can be contacted through an online portal or by e-mail for nonemergency questions. Others prefer to be contacted by telephone. Doctors cannot give all-inclusive guidelines for when a visit is necessary because symptoms with the same cause vary too much and symptoms with different causes overlap too much. However, some problems clearly require a call to a health care practitioner.

Visits to the emergency department

In general, true emergencies should be handled by calling 911 or the local emergency service to provide ambulance service to the nearest hospital. However, deciding what qualifies as an emergency is sometimes difficult because symptoms vary greatly. Learning as much as possible about symptoms of life-threatening disorders (such as heart attack and stroke ) in advance is useful, and good judgment is often required. If the problem seems possibly life threatening, the emergency department is the place to go. The following examples clearly require a visit to the emergency department:

Signs of a heart attack , such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness

Signs of a stroke , such as sudden muscle weakness, paralysis, abnormal or lost sensation on one side of the body, difficulty speaking, confusion, problems with vision, sudden dizziness, loss of balance and coordination

Difficulty breathing

Heavy bleeding

Burns that are open, char, or blister the skin; that result from inhalation; that cover a large area; or that are on the hands, face, feet, or genitals

Severe injury (as in a motor vehicle accident)

Poisoning that causes symptoms (if symptoms are minor or do not develop, the poison control center can be called first at 800-222-1222 for advice)

A severe allergic reaction

Signs of shock , such as dizziness, confusion, and cold, clammy skin

Sudden, severe pain anywhere

Vomiting blood or coughing up a relatively large amount of blood (more than a few streaks in sputum)

Sudden, severe worsening of a serious chronic disorder, such as asthma or diabetes

Going to the emergency department for less serious problems may be appropriate when the person's primary care doctor is unavailable, such as during weekends or during the night. However, emergency department personnel may be unfamiliar with the person's medical history, and periodic crowding may mean long waits to see a doctor. In some health insurance plans, calling the primary care doctor first may be required in order to be reimbursed for a visit to the emergency department, unless symptoms suggest a life-threatening disorder. People should know the requirements of their insurance plan before an emergency develops.

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Top reasons to visit your primary care provider

• October 7, 2019
• Mary Leigh Meyer
• Healthy Living , Medicine , Show on VR homepage

A primary care provider is often the first health care professional you see when you have a question. In some instances, they can consult and treat in-house, but other times they refer you to the appropriate specialist to get more focused help. Primary care physician Jason R. McKnight, MD, clinical assistant professor at the Texas A&M College of Medicine , family medicine physician at Texas A&M Health Family Care , explains some of the most important ways your primary care provider can help you live your healthiest life.

Chronic disease management

“Your primary care provider can help coordinate the care required for your chronic diseases,” McKnight said. “They can prescribe refills for your medications and manage your conditions long-term, even if you also see a specialist for these conditions..”

Your primary care provider can treat and monitor a number of chronic diseases and conditions including:

• Hypertension
• Kidney disease
• Heart disease
• Post-stroke treatment
• High cholesterol
• Musculoskeletal issues like arthritis
• Skin issues like psoriasis
• Lung diseases and conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

If your chronic disease warranted a visit to a specialist, once your chronic disease is stable, primary care providers can coordinate your care to minimize the number of specialist appointments you need after the fact. For example, if you have a heart attack, you will regularly see your cardiologist afterward. However, once you are stabilized on the proper medications, the cardiologist would likely refer you back to your primary care provider for continued monitoring and treatment. However, McKnight says most chronic diseases do not require specialist intervention.

Referrals to medical specialists

Although your primary care provider can sometimes prevent the need to see certain specialists, they can also recommend and suggest qualified specialists. Your primary care provider can also help coordinate treatment among specialists.

“Sometimes when you are seeing multiple specialists, it can be hard for them to treat you when they may not necessarily realize how else you are being treated and for what conditions,” McKnight said. “Your primary care provider will know who you see for specialty care and what medications you take, whereas a specialist may not necessarily realize you are seeing multiple specialists who are prescribing you medications with side effects outside of their specialty.”

Acute care visits for sudden illness or injury

Whether a fever or broken arm, many people first visit their primary care provider. “When in doubt, call or visit your primary care provider if you think something is wrong,” McKnight said. “They may refer you to a specialist, but they may not need to refer you anywhere.” For example, in the case of a broken arm, McKnight said that a lot of simple fractures can be managed by your primary care provider.

Unless it is life-threatening, many people first visit their primary care provider for help treating influenza (flu), pneumonia, stomach virus and any other negative change in health status.

Annual exam or physical exam

From newborn and well-child exams to Medicare-required annual exams to a sports physical , your primary care provider can see you. An annual exam often includes bloodwork and screenings for various diseases and conditions.

“Many people opt to do their whole annual exam at their primary care provider’s office, but some women chose to see an OB-GYN for their pelvic exam,” McKnight said. “It does not matter which you do as long as you are getting the proper screenings and treatments for your age group.”

Reduction of hospital and emergency department visits

“Some people will rush to the emergency department (ED) for something small, but their primary care office can help them,” McKnight said. “If you think you need to go to the ED and it is not a life-threatening situation, you can call your primary care office. They can confirm whether you need to go to the ED or can get a day-of visit at your primary care office.” If your primary care provider does send you to the ED, sometimes they can call ahead and get you evaluated more quickly.

On a similar note, McKnight encourages everyone to be careful if they decide to visit a freestanding emergency room for something that can be treated at their primary care provider’s office or an urgent care clinic . “Sometimes patients get confused between what should be best treated at a freestanding emergency room, urgent care clinic or primary care provider’s office,” he said. “Insurance can classify them differently, so the difference in cost can often be quite large.”

Good continuity of care

If you see the same provider for the majority of your health care needs, then the two of you can develop a relationship,” McKnight said. “Your provider will start to know you even better, which leads to more trusting and communicative patient-provider interactions.” They will have a better understanding of your life and lifestyle, so they can better inform you of the best course of health care for you.

Similarly, a provider who knows you and your family may have a better grasp on your family medical history, which will also inform them of the best type of care for you.

Media contact: [email protected]

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Deciding when to see a doctor.

Last Updated January 2024 | This article was created by familydoctor.org editorial staff and reviewed by Robert "Chuck" Rich, Jr., MD, FAAFP

Should I go to the doctor? Most of us have asked that question at one time or another. Whether it’s a bad cold, a funny-looking mole, or a nagging pain that just won’t go away, it can be hard to know when you should see your doctor. There are no set rules that tell you when to go or when to wait. But some general guidelines might help you the next time you’re trying to decide.

Path to improved health

Below are some common illnesses and problems we may deal with from time to time. Many of them can be managed at home. But sometimes they can progress or change, and then it’s best if they are addressed by a doctor. If you aren’t sure what to do, call your doctor. They — or a nurse in their office — can tell you if you should make an appointment.

Common cold or flu

Many symptoms can be managed with plenty of rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medicine. But if you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor:

• Painful swallowing (more than a sore or dry throat)
• A cough that lasts more than 2 or 3 weeks
• Persistent or severe vomiting
• A fever that doesn’t go down or go away
• Symptoms that last more than 10 days or get worse instead of better

Occasional diarrhea isn’t uncommon. It’s usually harmless and doesn’t mean something is wrong. But there are signs to look for that could indicate a problem. These include:

• Diarrhea that lasts more than 3 days
• Black, tarry stools
• Blood in your stool
• Severe abdominal pain
• Signs of dehydration (very dry mouth or skin, fatigue, decreased urination, confusion, or irritability)

We all get headaches occasionally. They usually go away with rest or over-the-counter medicine. But headache can also be a sign of a serious condition, such as stroke or meningitis. If you have a high fever, stiff neck, confusion, or trouble speaking or walking along with a headache, go to the emergency room. You should see your doctor if you have headaches that:

• Are different than normal (more often or more severe).
• Get worse or don’t get better after taking over-the-counter medicine.
• Keep you from working, sleeping, or participating in activities.

Digestive issues

Digestive issues can include problems in the upper digestive tract (esophagus and stomach) and the lower tract (intestines). If you experience any of the following, call your doctor:

• Feeling like food is caught in your throat or chest.
• Heartburn that doesn’t go away, gets worse, or doesn’t get better with medicine.
• Difficult or painful swallowing.
• Hoarseness or sore throat that doesn’t go away.
• Nausea that won’t go away.
• Vomiting blood or bile (green).
• Severe or persistent abdominal pain.
• Constipation or diarrhea that won’t go away.
• Stools that are black or bloody.

Most back pain will go away in a few weeks without treatment. It often gets better by using over-the-counter medicine. You can also apply heat or cold to the area that hurts. But sometimes it’s a sign of a problem. Call your doctor if you experience:

• Constant pain
• Pain that spreads down one or both legs, especially if it goes past your knee
• Pain with weakness, numbness, or tingling in one or both legs
• Pain plus unexplained weight loss
• Pain with swelling or redness on your back
• Pain with a fever

Head injury

Getting a bump on the head could be minor. But it also could cause a concussion. Look for these signs of concussion and call your doctor if you have any of them after hitting your head:

• Dizziness and balance problems
• Nausea and vomiting
• Concentration and memory problems
• Feeling sluggish or foggy
• Sensitivity to light or noise
• Sleep problems
• Mood changes

Menstrual problems

A woman’s monthly period can have a big impact on her life, especially if there are problems. Call your doctor if you’re experiencing any of these symptoms:

• Your period suddenly becomes irregular.
• You don’t have a period for 3 months or more.
• You have bleeding between periods.
• You have a period that lasts much longer than usual or is much heavier than usual.
• You have severe or disabling cramps.

Mental health issues

Mental health is an important part of our overall health and should never be ignored. Having issues with mental health is common and treatable. Call your doctor if you’re experiencing any of these signs of trouble with your mental health:

• Feelings of depression or sadness that don’t go away
• Feeling extreme highs and lows
• Excessive fear, worry, or anxiety
• Withdrawing from social interactions
• Changes in eating or sleeping
• Inability to cope with daily problems
• Delusions or hallucinations
• Substance abuse
• Thoughts of hurting yourself or others

Other symptoms

Some symptoms are hard to categorize, but it’s still important to know if they occur. The following could be signs of a problem that may need be addressed by your doctor:

• Dizziness or feeling like you are going to faint
• Shortness of breath
• Irregular heartbeats or rapid heartbeats
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue that won’t go away
• Severe sweating, especially cold sweats
• Swelling in the ankles or legs
• Rash along with a fever (100.4 C or higher)
• A new or changing mole or other skin change that concerns you

Things to consider

Most people don’t go to the doctor unless they’re sick or have a problem. But you should start by seeing your doctor when you’re well. By seeing your doctor routinely, you can stay on top of your health. They can provide preventive health screenings and monitor your health over time. This allows them to catch diseases early and help you manage them before they progress into more serious conditions.

How often you routinely see your doctor depends on your health. Many doctors recommend you come in once a year for a check-up. But if you have problems or a chronic condition, such as heart disease or diabetes, you will likely be seen more often.

When deciding whether to call the doctor when you’re experiencing symptoms, you should also consider the state of your health and any risk factors you may have. For example, if you have asthma and you get a respiratory infection, you may need to see your doctor sooner than someone who doesn’t have asthma. In addition, if you’re having new symptoms after having a procedure, surgery, immunization, injection, or starting a new medicine, you should call your doctor.

Questions to ask your doctor

• I have a chronic condition. How often should I be seen?
• What risk factors do I have that could determine whether or not I need to be seen?
• Are there any specific symptoms I need to watch out for?

Last Updated: January 31, 2024

This article was contributed by familydoctor.org editorial staff.

Copyright © American Academy of Family Physicians

This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject.

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6 Health Screenings to Catch Up On Now (Even if You’re Healthy)

Have you seen your primary care doctor recently? If the answer is no, you’re not alone.  

During the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person primary care visits dropped by 60% during the pandemic’s peak in 2020. The number of primary care visits in America was already declining by 2% between 2012 and 2016.  

While that number has rebounded a bit since early 2022, according to the Commonwealth Fund , it’s still low. One-third fewer people have seen a primary care doctor in person this year compared to pre-COVID times. 

It’s worth noting that while the number of in-person visits dropped during the pandemic, many people are still seeing their doctors via telehealth or online visits. No matter how you book a primary care appointment, it’s important to get one on the calendar if you — like so many of us — have skipped your basic preventive care and screenings during the past two years.  

Why health screenings matter

According to Dr. Nina Maisterra , a family medicine physician and clinic chief at UW Medicine Primary Care at South Lake Union , seeing your primary care doctor regularly is vital to maintaining your health and preventing possible future health problems. And the frequency you need to go may vary based on your age and individual risk factors. 

Maisterra says screenings can provide opportunities for healthy lifestyle changes, especially when it comes to preventing illnesses that grow out of unhealthy behaviors. In other words, a screening can help you identify potential health problems before they become bigger and more challenging. 

“Early prevention and early detection can improve health and survival,” she says. “Ask to discuss with your doctor what screenings are appropriate for you based on age, risk factors, family history and personal preference.” 

These regular health screenings, which can be conducted at any annual wellness visit, help your primary care doctor get a sense of your overall health risks and current status of any mental, physical and emotional health issues. The visits are usually reimbursed by health insurance and may require a referral to a specialist if there is a concern or need for more information.  

Here are six important screenings to ask about at your next routine primary care exam: 

Flu shots, COVID boosters and other vaccines 

Did you get your flu shot this year? If not, you should — even if you’re healthy .  

It might not be a health screening, but it still counts as preventive care. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 80,000  Americans died of flu and flu-related diseases during the 2017-2018 flu season, more than any of the previous 40 years. Hospitalizations and illnesses last year also hit a record high during this period, but only 37% of adults got their flu shot. 

In addition to your flu shot, it’s also important to remember to get your COVID-19 booster. Everyone five or older who is already fully vaccinated against COVID-19 is eligible to get a booster .  

As of 2022, the CDC recommends that everyone gets a flu vaccine while getting their COVID-19 vaccine or booster, as many of us will be more susceptible to getting both viruses after a few years spent in isolation. And while you’re at it, see if you’re up to date on other vaccines you might need, like tetanus/diphtheria, pertussis (aka whooping cough), shingles and more recently, monkeypox . If you have an international trip  coming up, be sure to mention that, too.  

Cancer screenings 

Maisterra says most people will need to undergo at least a few cancer screenings regularly, especially as they get older. A few of the most essential screenings are breast cancer screening , colon cancer screening , cervical cancer screenings and skin cancer screenings. 

Cervical cancer 

Most women and people assigned female at birth who are at average risk should get a cervical cancer screening test starting at age 25 and then every five years after that,” Maisterra says. “Pap smears and human papillomavirus testing screen for cervical cancer, which is treatable if caught early enough.” 

Newer tests look for human papillomavirus (HPV), which can lead to cervical cancer. If your pap smear or HPV testing is abnormal, your doctor may suggest more frequent screenings or another procedure like a colposcopy. That said, check with your doctor, as these recommendations can vary based on your health issues. 

Colorectal cancer 

If you’re at average risk, a colorectal cancer  screening test is recommended for adults starting at age 45. This can be done through a colonoscopy, a fecal immunochemical test (FIT), a stool DNA test or other methods that your doctor might suggest.

While these tests screen for colon cancer, they can also help doctors evaluate the root of other potential problems, like blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss, anemia and abdominal pain.  

Typically, you’d only get one of these screenings every 10 years, but if you have risk factors such as a family history of colon cancer, ulcerative colitis or other conditions associated with a higher rate of colon cancer, your doctor might suggest scheduling them more frequently. You may need to have a colonoscopy done earlier than 10 years if advised by your doctor if there were polyps or other findings on a previous colonoscopy. You will need to discuss with your doctor on these individual recommendations. 

Again, it’s important to check with your doctor to see what recommendations are right for you. 

Breast cancer 

A mammogram is also recommended for women and people assigned female at birth starting at age 50 , according to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. However, some people might need or prefer to get screened in their 40s or earlier based on their personal risk or preferences after a discussion with your doctor. 

If you have a family history of breast cancer or may be at higher risk, this might be a reason to talk to your doctor about getting a mammogram sooner rather than later.  

For example, Black women on average are diagnosed with breast cancer at an earlier age, but the mortality rate is 39% higher among this demographic . Because Black women on average are diagnosed earlier, this might be a reason for an earlier mammogram.  

Additionally, transgender women who are over the age of 50 and have undergone hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for five to 10 years should talk to their doctor to see if and when a mammogram is right for them. 

Skin cancer 

Another preventive screening to consider scheduling is a visit to your dermatologist or your primary care doctor for a skin check. This is usually for patients at higher risk for skin cancer based on family history, sun exposure or other medical conditions.  

At this appointment, your doctor may ask if you’ve noticed any unusual spots, moles or changes in your skin and do an exam to see if there are any concerning moles or skin lesions. If so, this can help determine if you need further testing for skin cancer. 

Cardiovascular screenings 

Heart health is key to your overall wellness, so most doctors recommend undergoing a set of tests during your wellness visits. If you schedule a physical exam with your primary care doctor, you should expect a blood pressure screening to check for high blood pressure, a risk factor for heart disease. 

At your visit, your doctor will offer to have your height and weight measured. In some cases, this can help determine if you’re at risk for other conditions. (It’s worth noting that you can forgo the weight check if you wish.) If your doctor doesn’t automatically provide these checks, don’t be afraid to ask for them. 

Maisterra also says to consider cholesterol screenings, which are typically recommended in adulthood. This is especially important if high cholesterol or heart disease run in your family. Screening for diabetes is also commonly offered during primary care appointments, also based on risk factors such as family history and health habits. 

Mental health screenings 

Regardless of age, your doctor should offer you a mental health screening test. This kind of screening usually involves a series of questions about your mental state, worries and concerns, which can help your doctor get a sense of your overall well-being. This can help determine if you are suffering from anxiety, depression, thoughts of suicide or other mental health conditions. If you’re diagnosed with a mental health condition, treatment can significantly improve the quality of your life. 

Primary care offices are safe spaces, and your doctor should be able to offer you tools to help you deal with your symptoms or provide a referral for additional mental health services.  

Many primary care clinics have integrated behavioral healthcare care with a social worker, counselor, psychiatrist and health navigator to assist with your mental health and social support needs. Ask your doctor or clinic if this service is available. 

Substance use screenings 

During a routine physical exam, your primary care doctor will also ask about your smoking and substance use behaviors. This may include questions about how many alcoholic drinks you consume in a week and whether or not you use illicit drugs. It’s important to be honest about these answers, even if you feel a bit nervous; your medical doctor is there to provide nonjudgmental solutions, which might include counseling or other treatment services. 

STI screenings

Maisterra also mentions screening for sexually transmitted infections , which can be offered during a typical wellness visit if you are at higher risk or prefer to have this done. Don’t skip this if you’ve had sex with new partners since your last visit or think you might be at risk for another reason.  

The more information you have, the more help you can get with treating your symptoms and reducing your future risk. 

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10 reasons for a visit to your primary care physician

Primary care physicians manage a wide range of health conditions – so find the right fit..

Your primary care physician plays an important role in managing a wide range of health conditions that occur at different ages and stages of life, so it’s important to find the right fit for you in terms of clinical interests, practice location, hours and personality.

Here are 10 reasons you should make an appointment with your primary care physician or take the time to find one if you don’t have one already.

1. Annual well check

An annual well check can feel like an imposition, especially when a patient is feeling well. However, these appointments are important and shouldn’t be skipped. Annual visits to your physician establish a relationship between you and your primary care doctor. When your physician is familiar with you and your health when you are well, they can better recognize when you aren’t. Routine check-ups mean illnesses and issues can be caught sooner. Patients can get referrals to specialists, better manage chronic conditions, and save money on healthcare costs. Most importantly, patients can establish a medical home. A medical home is the place to turn for acute illnesses, to renew a prescription, or to get health advice from a friendly face.

2. Allergies

Allergies can (and do) happen all year, but for many people, when spring starts and trees and flowers blossom, they start feeling symptoms. Allergy symptoms might present as itchy eyes, stuffy or runny nose, headache, scratchy throat and sneezing. If you are having allergy symptoms that are not improving with over-the-counter medications, it is time to see your primary care doctor to discuss next steps. There may be another reason for your symptoms or other medication or treatments to consider. Allergy testing may also be needed, or you may be experiencing a virus.

3. Back pain

One of the most common reasons people schedule an appointment with their primary care physician is back pain. There are many factors that can bring on an episode of back pain, and often an exam is necessary to determine the best route to relief. Your primary care doctor can coach you on prevention tactics that will help strengthen core muscles and improve spine health.

4. Joint pain

Pain and inflammation in the joints of the knees, hips, shoulders and hands are a common complaint of patients. As a person ages, arthritis can get more painful. High impact movements like running, or repetitive movements like using a mouse five days a week, can also make arthritis worse as a person ages. Joint pain or osteoarthritis left untreated can have a major impact on a person’s quality of life. Your primary care doctor can help you manage joint issues before they become debilitating. 

5. Mental health concerns

Mental health concerns like depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder are very common. Many have felt the impact that the pandemic has had on their mental health. Treating these concerns isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach — each person requires an individualized approach. Sometimes patients need to have several appointments with their doctor to determine if the approach is working. Your primary care doctor can connect you to the mental health care that will work best for you.

6. High blood pressure

High blood pressure is a chronic condition that can weaken the muscles of the heart and lead to heart attack, stroke, and increased risk of developing blood clots. There are typically no symptoms, yet hypertension will need to be managed throughout a person’s life. Regular visits to your primary care doctor help manage the condition through medication and lifestyle changes.

7. Cholesterol concerns

Primary care doctors monitor unhealthy cholesterol levels in patients of all ages. Early intervention, along with changes in lifestyle and diet, can have a big impact on lowering high cholesterol. Keeping up with well visits to your primary care doctor and bloodwork are the best ways to stay ahead of unhealthy cholesterol levels.

8. Headaches and migraines

“Headache” is a broad term referring to any pain around the region of the head. There are many causes for the occasional headache, but frequent headaches could suggest a migraine condition. Whether chronic or sporadic, headaches impact quality of life in a negative way, even leaving a person incapacitated for a time. Your primary care doctor can help determine common triggers and the kind of intervention you need to manage headaches.

9. Illness or infection

Illness and infections happen to everyone. Colds, pink eye, COVID-19, flu or stomach bugs could all ruin a person’s day, week or longer. Your primary care doctor knows how to treat you quickly and get you feeling better. If you need help after hours, find an urgent care or emergency room that will keep your primary care doctor in the loop, so they can follow-up.

10. Skin issues

While teens typically experience skin issues like acne, adults can experience it too. Frequent breakouts can impact a person’s quality of life. Your primary care doctor can help you with acne treatment and prevention. Many people also experience other skin conditions like rashes or infections, and sometimes more chronic issues like eczema and psoriasis. Your primary care doctor can help you manage and alleviate these conditions, or in more severe cases, refer you to a specialist.

Daniel Meram, MD , is a board-certified family medicine physician. He earned his medical degree from the Ross University School of Medicine in Portsmouth, Dominica, and completed his Family Medicine residency at St. Mary Mercy Hospital in Livonia. Dr. Meram earned his Master of Science in Biology from New York University and his Bachelor of Science in Psychology from Eastern Michigan University. He has clinical interests in acute and chronic medical conditions, cardiac health, sports injuries, preventive medicine and healthy lifestyle changes.

Dr. Meram is welcoming new patients! Call Trinity Health IHA Medical Group, Primary Care - Bloomfield at (248) 836-0040, or schedule online .

What Makes a Good Doctor: Qualities to Look For

Find out what makes a good doctor and how to know if you chose a good one.

This article is based on reporting that features expert sources.

(Getty Images) |

Finding the best fit for you

Your doctor might have an incredible medical pedigree and be admired by fellow physicians, but is your doctor a good match for you and your health needs? Finding a doctor is an important step, but deciding whether to stick with your doctor or find a new one is just as important.

“Having a doctor whom patients can build a trusting relationship with always ranks higher than how long they sit in a waiting room,” says Dr. Anthony Orsini, an expert on doctor-patient communication techniques. “Patients need to feel seen and heard, and they need to know they’re more than just a number.”

Making the most of your time with your doctor is critical in the current health care system. Today’s doctors are overburdened by data entry, desk work and health insurance hassles. Doctors are spending more time inputting information into electronic health records and less time with patients. In fact, the average amount of time patients spend with a primary care doctor is about 15 minutes, according to one research study.

With a limited amount of time to talk to your doctor, patients should pay attention to certain behaviors that can make a big difference during the visit. Look for these important traits in your doctor.

Getty Images | Maskot

1. Practices empathetic communication

It cannot be emphasized enough that communication is at the heart of building strong connections with doctors. However, only 39% of patients reported that their doctors are effective communicators, according to an online survey sponsored by Orsini.

“The nuances of communication – including verbal and nonverbal cues, tone and cadence – are equally important. Doctors who don’t invest in adopting effective communication skills may be putting patient loyalty at risk,” says Orsini, author of “It’s All in the Delivery – Improving Healthcare Starting with a Single Conversation.”

Patients seek competence and quality, but they also want a doctor who engages them as a person.

“The stories people share tend to be about how they were treated by a doctor – ‘They took their time to listen to me. They sat down and really got to know more’ – versus simply the expertise they have,” says Jason Wolf, president and CEO of The Beryl Institute, an organization focused on improving patient experiences.

Empathetic communication – such as active listening and asking follow-up questions – improves patient loyalty and satisfaction. According to one study evaluating patients who underwent surgery , patients reported higher overall satisfaction with doctors who demonstrated stronger empathy.

2. Fosters trust

There’s no one-size-fits-all formula for developing a trusting relationship with doctors, but there are common traits to look for in physicians, such as honesty, kindness, respect and intelligence. These traits can help foster and build trust between you and your doctor. A trusting relationship will also help patients stay healthier: If you trust a doctor to have your best interests at heart, you are more likely to listen and act upon what they say.

“There is no reason to stay with a doctor if you don't trust them,” Orsini says. “Mistrust will lead to patients second guessing their doctor’s advice, and that’s counterproductive to maintaining good health.”

In a February 2024 U.S. News & World Report survey of Americans' experiences with primary care providers, 95% of people who had recently gone to the doctor for a yearly physical said they trust the doctor they saw.

3. Shows compassion

Patients don’t commonly experience compassion and empathy during doctor visits.

According to the online survey conducted by Orsini, 71% of patient participants said they experienced a lack of compassion when interacting with doctors and nurses. This could range from not thoroughly answering questions to not sympathizing with patients' challenging health issues or even personal situations at home.

“The overwhelming majority of doctors are compassionate by nature. It is conveying that compassion, however, that we often struggle with,” Orsini says. “As doctors, we are taught from the beginning to set our emotions aside, but the results of this survey make it very clear that patients have a true desire to connect with their physicians emotionally and feel their compassion. Patients need to feel seen and heard, and they need to know they’re more than just a number."

4. Listens carefully

During doctor’s visits, patients should have the opportunity to describe their symptoms and reasons for being there without interruption, but that’s not always the case. In one study that observed 60 patient visits at a primary care office, patients were interrupted within 12 seconds of the doctor entering the room, and one-fourth of the time, patients were interrupted before they finished talking. Additionally, only 35% of respondents in the U.S. News & World Report survey reported feeling heard and understood by their doctor.

Active listening helps build trust between doctors and their patients , according to a paper in the Harvard Business Review. The authors concluded: “Not hearing the patient’s voice harms the patient and the clinician. They don’t have the benefit of pooled knowledge, ability to make fully informed mutual decisions or time to build trust.”

Being heard is a major contributor to higher patient satisfaction with doctors.

“One predictor of patient satisfaction is whether a patient felt that they were treated with trust and respect and that they were listened to during the visit,” Orsini says.

However, listening is a two-way street.

“Effective communication in health care is a two-way dynamic, and when we create a more human connection, we see better outcomes overall,” Wolf says.

Patients also need to listen to their doctor’s advice. Given how it can be challenging to remember all the details and advice provided by the doctor during a visit, some doctors now offer to record appointments so patients can listen to the conversation afterward.

5. Cultivates open dialogue

An effective medical appointment is one where there is open dialogue between patients and their doctor. Watch out for situations in which the doctor is doing most of the talking, not enough active listening and not directly answering questions.

“ Questions from patients should be answered with sensitivity, compassion and based on the latest scientific knowledge,” explains Dr. Marian Sassetti, a family physician in Oak Park, Illinois.

In addition, it’s really important for patients to be invited to ask questions.

“Being asked open-ended questions that flesh out concerns, reluctances, insecurities and bolster the physician's understanding and appreciation of the whole person's life story is what patients should be looking for,” Sassetti adds.

Getty Images |

6. Engages directly with a personal touch

While the effect of social media on society’s ability to communicate is visible in day-to-day interactions, it’s critical to hold your doctor to a higher standard of personal communication. Even though doctors are increasingly using iPads and laptops during visits to capture your health information , that doesn’t mean their interpersonal skills can be overlooked.

“I don’t believe that patients should just accept the fact that the doctor must capture electronic health records during appointments because there are nuances of nonverbal communications that are essential for a doctor to make a correct diagnosis,” Orsini says, adding that there are ways for doctors to maintain that personal connection and eye contact. “Based on my experience, and what I share with other doctors, patients need undivided attention during an exam, and the note-taking can be done after the conversation or be done by an assistant.”

7. Practices cultural awareness

In today's diverse society, cultural awareness is an essential aspect of providing effective health care. A good doctor recognizes that patients come from various cultural backgrounds, each with its own set of beliefs, values and practices that can significantly influence their health care decisions.

“For many patients, having a doctor with a similar background is a more comfortable situation,” says Dr. Danielle Ofri, a clinical professor of medicine at Bellevue Hospital and NYU School of Medicine and the author of “What Patients Say, What Doctors Hear.” "Sharing a common language rather than using a translator certainly lifts many barriers, but the most important thing is that you make a good connection with this doctor – that they listen to you, that they respect your beliefs and point of view, that they explain their thought process behind any medical decisions and that you feel comfortable asking questions .”

Good doctors ensure that their practice is responsive to the needs of diverse patient populations. Each patient may have different cultural, religious or social backgrounds that shape their individual health beliefs and behaviors, and a good doctor does their best to understand and respect that.

8. Displays strong critical thinking skills

Arriving at the correct diagnosis and administrating successful treatment are at the heart of being a good doctor. Diagnosing illness is often a complex process and the right course of action may not always be immediately apparent. Doctors with strong critical thinking skills can navigate this uncertainty logically and systematically arriving at an accurate diagnosis and appropriate course of action.

When evaluating your doctor’s critical thinking skills, ask yourself:

• Does my doctor ask relevant questions and based on my answers and a thorough physical exam consider multiple possibilities before narrowing down to a diagnosis?
• Is my doctor willing and able to adjust their diagnosis or approach to treatment if there are any changes in my condition or if they are given new information?
• Can my doctor clearly explain both how they arrived at my diagnosis and what their rationale behind a specific course of treatment is?

In medical emergencies and other high-stress situations, doctors are required to evaluate multiple sources of information quickly and act decisively. Strong critical thinking abilities help doctors think logically and remain focused under pressure, while they assess the situation and implement effective treatment that will stabilize patients and save lives.

If you feel uncomfortable or certain about their medical decision, don’t hesitate to get a second opinion .

9. Stays current with science

It is crucial for a doctor to stay up-to-date on new treatments , technologies and approaches that improve patient care. But how can you be sure that your doctor is keeping up to speed with the newest medical advances?

“Some doctors will be more diligent in keeping up-to-date with the latest advancements than others, and it can be hard for a patient to know the difference,” Ofri explains. “Obviously, the doctor should be board-certified and keep those certifications up to date, which require ongoing tests and educational requirements. If a doctor is part of an academic medical center, they’re probably more likely to keep up since teaching, educational conferences, and research are typically built into the system.”

Also, ask your doctor about any affiliations they have with professional associations or societies, like the American Medical Association, or within their chosen specialty. These memberships often provide access to the latest research, guidelines and educational resources. Most medical associations also sponsor conferences where doctors and other medical professionals come together to discuss issues and advancements important to their field.

Ultimately, it's important to trust your gut.

When evaluating a doctor, it is essential to consider objective factors such as their qualifications, experience and reputation. However, trusting your instincts – that “gut feeling” you have – about a doctor is also important.

In the end, if something feels “off” and you do not feel the doctor engages you in a way that gives you confidence in their expertise, the partnership between you and this doctor may not work.

Reflect on your past experiences with other health care providers . If you’ve had negative experiences that feel similar to your current situation, your gut feeling may be based on valid concerns. No doctor will be perfect, but in the end only you know what the right fit for you is.

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The U.S. News Health team delivers accurate information about health, nutrition and fitness, as well as in-depth medical condition guides. All of our stories rely on multiple, independent sources and experts in the field, such as medical doctors and licensed nutritionists. To learn more about how we keep our content accurate and trustworthy, read our  editorial guidelines .

Ofri is a clinical professor of medicine at Bellevue Hospital and NYU School of Medicine and the author of “What Patients Say, What Doctors Hear.”

Orsini is a practicing neonatologist, lecturer, author and founder of the Orsini Way, an organization dedicated to helping health care professionals improve communication and trust with patients.

Sassetti is a family physician practicing in Oak Park, Illinois, and she was named family physician of the year in 2021 by the Illinois Academy of Family Physicians.

Wolf is the president and CEO of The Beryl Institute, founder and president of the Patient Experience Institute and founding editor of Patient Experience Journal.

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Top 10 Most Common Reasons to Visit the Doctor and Tips for Prevention

Jun 12, 2017 | Employee Benefits , Wellness

Having to take time off work to visit the doctor is no one’s idea of fun. Fortunately, there are steps you can take now to improve your health and your family’s health so you can minimize the number of trips you take to the doctor’s office each year. The following is a list of the top reasons people in the United States go to the doctor, according to a study by the Mayo Clinic.

1. Skin Disorders

Skin disorders refer to conditions such as acne, cysts and dermatitis. While skin disorders most often affect patients 18 years and younger, adults can be affected too. In fact, 20 percent of acne cases occur in adulthood.

While the occasional pimple is part of life, there are steps you can take to keep your skin healthy. For instance, avoid touching your face throughout the day and make sure to take a shower after exercising to keep pores clean. Use fragrance-free soaps and cleansers and make sure you keep your skin from getting too dry.

2. Joint Pain and Osteoarthritis

One-third of Americans report having joint pain. Joint pain can be caused by various conditions including osteoarthritis—the most common form of arthritis in the United States—and often worsens with age. While osteoarthritis can affect any joint in your body, it most frequently affects the joints in your knees, hips, hands and spine.

Staying active, eating well and maintaining a healthy weight are all key to maintaining joint function. When exercising, try to mix in low-impact exercises like the elliptical machine and swimming, since high-impact exercises like running can lead to joint pain. If you feel pain, ice the affected area to minimize tissue swelling and allow your body time to rest.

3. Back Problems

Back problems plague millions of America each year, and are one of the leading causes of disability. The pain may be a dull ache, shooting pain or a burning sensation. Treatment for back pain varies based on the type of injury and the nerves or joints affected.

One of the best ways to prevent back injuries is to have good posture. Good posture allows your muscles and ligaments to work properly and decreases your risk of injury. If your job involves sitting at a computer, avoid slouching forward and put your computer at eye level to avoid straining your neck by constantly looking down. Maintaining a healthy weight and exercising regularly, especially your core muscles, can improve spine health.

4. Cholesterol Problems

High cholesterol more than doubles your chances of developing heart disease—the leading cause of death for adults in the United States. Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in fats in your blood, which your body needs to function. Having too much cholesterol, though, causes walls to build up in your arteries, making it difficult for blood to circulate.

Keep cholesterol levels in check by eating a well-balanced diet that is high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fish, and by limiting red meat and sugar. Being active and avoiding tobacco can also help promote heart health. Scheduling preventive care visits and following screening recommendations from your doctor can help catch cholesterol issues before they become severe.

5. Upper Respiratory Problems (not including asthma)

Upper respiratory problems can occur at any time, but are most common in winter and fall. The upper respiratory system includes the nose, sinuses and throat. Symptoms often include congestion, facial pain or pressure, a runny or stuffy nose, a cough and a sore throat.

Keep your immune system healthy by washing your hands frequently, not sharing food and drinks with others, and not smoking. If your home is dry, use a humidifier to help you breathe easier. Also, sneezing or coughing into the bend of your elbow can help stop the spread of germs.

6. Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder and Depression

Mental health disorders like anxiety, bipolar disorder and depression affect millions of Americans each year. Mental health disorders can be difficult to treat and are frequent reasons for doctor’s visits.

While genetics and the environment play a role in the development of certain mental health disorders, effectively managing stress and getting frequent, mild exercise can help promote good mental health. If you or someone you know is struggling with anxiety or depression, talk about how you are feeling with someone you trust. Do not be ashamed to get help.

7. Chronic Neurology Disorders

Neurological disorders are diseases of the brain, spine and the nerves that connect them. There are hundreds of neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy.

While many neurological diseases are not preventable, there are steps you can take now to promote overall brain health, which may help slow or delay the progression of certain neurological disorders. For instance, keeping your brain active by completing puzzles, word games or reading can be beneficial. In addition, eating a healthy diet, staying socially active, exercising frequently and getting enough sleep can help keep your mind sharp.

8. High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure, also referred to as hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which artery walls are exposed to constant, steady pressure causing the heart’s muscles to weaken. Hypertension can lead to heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure, and it also increases one’s risk for developing blood clots.

High blood pressure can be avoided by eating a heart-healthy diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, nuts and fish. Being active, abstaining from tobacco and maintaining a healthy weight can also help promote heart health.

9. Headaches and Migraines

Headaches refer to pain in any region of the head. Migraines are a type of headache that causes recurrent, throbbing pain which usually occurs on one side of the head. It can last for hours or days and can sometimes cause nausea, vomiting and sensitivity to light and sound.

Although much is still unknown about the causes of headaches and migraines, some common triggers include stress, sensory stimuli (bright lights, loud sounds, etc.), weather changes and alcohol (especially wine). Certain foods like aged cheeses and food additivities like aspartame have also been identified as potential triggers. In addition, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, getting regular exercise and limiting stress can reduce the frequency and severity of headaches and migraines.

10. Diabetes

Approximately 29.1 million Americans have diabetes, and the rate of new cases continues to grow each year. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Left untreated, diabetes can lead to heart disease, strokes, amputations and kidney disease.

While type 1 diabetes can’t be prevented, type 2 diabetes can be avoided by exercising regularly and eating nutritiously. Maintaining a healthy weight is the biggest thing you can do to prevent type 2 diabetes. If you already have diabetes, it is important that you are vigilant in monitoring your blood sugar so complications do not arise.

What You Can Do

While environmental and genetic factors play a factor in the development of diseases, living a healthy lifestyle now can improve your well-being for years to come. Plus, good primary care can help keep any health issues from progressing. If you haven’t already, check to see if your company has an on-site clinic option for primary care and take advantage if it is available to you.

Click here for more information about on-site clinics.

This information is abstracted from Zywave’s “Live Well, Work Well: Top 10 Most Common Reasons for Going to the Doctor”  article.

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4 Reasons People Don’t Go to the Doctor

They are afraid of what medical care might cost.

• Understanding Risks and Benefits
• Coping With Emotions
• Lack of Support and Resources
• Seeking a Doctor
• Next in Seeing the Doctor Guide 4 Reasons People Don’t Go to the Doctor

If you have a friend or loved one who can't remember the last time they had a doctor's appointment, they might justify it by saying they never get sick or don't have any risk factors. Even if they are generally healthy, that doesn't mean they should skip out on a regular doctor's visit for preventive care .

If you encourage them to visit the doctor and are met with defensiveness or the conversation gets shut down, it's important to consider what else might be going on in your loved one's life that could be preventing them from seeking care—even when they need it.

The cost of healthcare—including the perceived costs of healthcare—drives many people away from the treatment or preventive care they may desperately need. Even in the age of the Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare"), people who are insured still face barriers to obtaining quality coverage and care. This impacts how and when they access healthcare.

According to a 2019 report from the St. Louis School of Medicine:

• Many healthcare plans come with high deductible or out-of-pocket costs that exceed the income of policyholders and dissuade them from seeking care.
• Insured people with chronic medical conditions in need of ongoing care will frequently delay or avoid accessing care due to the fear of high costs.
• Individuals who assume that costs are unaffordable will often delay or avoid care and will only seek treatment when they are very ill and have no other choice.

A person's income contributes a lot to these perceptions, but not entirely. While 26.1% of people who earn less than $25,000 per year delayed or avoided care due to real or perceived costs, nearly the same percentage of people who earn $50,000 to $75,000 per year (25.1%) did the same.

Overall, roughly one in five insured people (20.9%) avoided preventive care or treatment because of cost. Not surprisingly, the percentage was far higher among uninsured people (79.1%).

This largely explains why people who live below the poverty line in the United States are at more than double the risk of death than those who live above the poverty line.

They Don’t Understand Their Health Risks or Know About the Benefits of Preventive Care

If someone is generally in good health (especially when they’re young) they may not see the point in going to the doctor. People who are “healthy as a horse” may go years, if not decades, without seeing a medical professional.

If this sounds like your loved one, they may not realize that regular preventive care is actually one of the best ways to stay healthy.

Preventive health care promotes better health by empowering patients, making it valuable for everyone regardless of their state of health.

People are also often confused about what “risk” means in relation to their health. Some risks are visible and modifiable , such as smoking, but other types aren’t as obvious, like the impact of genetic or environmental risk factors.

For example, if someone is in good health and no one in their family has a serious illness, they might believe they are not at risk for a specific disease or condition. Likewise, if they have been working in a particular job for many years and have yet to experience any ill effects, they may assume that they never will.

They’re Embarrassed or Afraid

When asked directly about their health, people may respond defensively—especially if they feel that they are being judged. Someone’s health is a private matter that involves multiple personal decisions. Adults, in particular, may feel that they are being “coddled” or “nagged” when asked about health care.

Sometimes, a knee-jerk reaction is hiding an emotion your loved one is feeling just below the surface, such as fear, shame, or guilt. 

People may resist going to the doctor out of fear. Some people have specific fears associated with doctor’s offices, hospitals, or medical procedures, such as needles. Other people just find the experience of generally anxiety-provoking .

Sometimes, a person may be reluctant to seek medical care, even when routine, out of the fear that they will be told something is wrong. They may refuse to have tests or screenings because they are afraid of receiving a difficult diagnosis or something else they perceive as "bad news."

Embarrassment

Certain elements of a doctor’s visit can be embarrassing. Many people are uncomfortable being asked direct questions about their bowel habits or sexual activity—especially by a professional they don’t know or perhaps have only just met for the first time!

Needing to disrobe for a physical exam can also make a person feel vulnerable. Some exams, such as those of the breast and prostate, can be especially invasive.

People with a history of trauma may be especially reluctant, especially if they are afraid of re-experiencing their trauma. While an increasing number of healthcare providers are practicing trauma-informed care, your loved one may not be comfortable discussing their mental health needs. In fact, they may not even realize it's a conversation they can, and should, have with their doctor.

Sometimes, a person may also feel embarrassed seeking health care even when they have symptoms. They may worry that they are just “being dramatic” or “making a mountain out of a molehill.” They may also be concerned a doctor will tell them their symptoms are " all in their head ."

They Lack Support and Resources

People struggling to access resources due to poverty, mental or physical disabilities, or other barriers may feel ashamed and demoralized when trying to interact with the healthcare system.

For example, uninsured individuals might believe they will be refused care. Those who have state-provided coverage may be afraid that they will be treated differently than someone with private insurance. 

People may not seek health care because doing so would require asking for help, and they don’t want to be a burden to others. For example, a person who doesn’t have a car may not want to ask a friend for a ride to the clinic.

Work, school, and family commitments can also make it more difficult for someone to address their healthcare needs. If an appointment would require someone to take time off from work or school, they might fret about the time and money lost or be concerned about falling behind.

A person with small children or someone else at home that they take care of may not be able to keep an appointment if they don’t have someone to step in while they're gone.

They Don’t Have a Doctor 

Your friend or loved one might be willing, even eager, to see a doctor—they just don’t have one and aren’t sure where, or how, to find one . If they have complex health needs, they can easily become overwhelmed trying to determine what type of health care they need beyond a primary care doctor.

In some areas, local free clinics are available and can serve as community resources. Clinic staff and patient advocates can help navigate the system and meet healthcare needs.

However, these services aren't available everywhere. People living in rural areas often have far fewer resources to choose from compared to people living in cities. In some cases, technology can help bridge the gap by connecting patients with clinicians via telehealth services.

A Word From Verywell

There are many reasons a person might not be able to go to the doctor—even when they need and want to do so. If your loved one hasn't been to a doctor for a long time, you might want to encourage them—if not for specific symptoms, then for preventive care.

If you try to have the conversation and get shut down, consider that your loved one might be facing barriers to getting the care they need. If there are ways you can help your loved one, such as offering support, providing transportation, or assisting with finding a doctor, let them know you're ready and willing to lend a hand. Creating a calm and nonjudgmental environment to discuss these challenges will help you support your loved ones as they consider decisions about their current and future healthcare needs.

If your loved one isn't responding right away, remember that it might take some time for your words to have an impact. Revisit the conversation at a later date. Also, remember that it's ultimately your loved one's decision to seek care. It can be tough to accept this, but if they aren't responding to your concerns after some time, there is only so much you can do. Your loved one needs to come to their own conclusions when it comes to their health.

Smith KT, Monti D, Mir N, Peters E, Tipirneni R, Politi MC. Access is necessary but not sufficient: factors influencing delay and avoidance of health care services . MDM Policy Pract. 2018 Jan-Jun;3(1):2381468318760298. doi:10.1177/2381468318760298

Zonderman AB, Mode NA, EJiogu N, Evans MK. Race and poverty status as a risk for overall mortality in community-dwelling middle-aged adults . JAMA Intern Med . 2016 Sep 1;176(9):1394–1395. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3649

Earls MF. Trauma-Informed Primary Care .  North Carolina Medical Journal . 2018;79(2):108-112. doi:10.18043/ncm.79.2.108

Taber JM, Leyva B, Persoskie A. Why do People Avoid Medical Care? A Qualitative Study Using National Data .  J GEN INTERN MED . 2015;30(3):290-297. doi:10.1007/s11606-014-3089-1

CDC Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (CSELS). About Rural Health . Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC).

Ashman JJ, Rui P, Okeyode T. Characteristics of office-based physician visits . NCHS Data Brief, no 331. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

Jackson H. Health Status and Medical Services Utilization:(REPORT NUMBER P70-153) . United States Census.

The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Percent Of Adults Who Had Not Seen Or Talked To A General Doctor In The Past 12 Months .

By Abby Norman Norman is a freelance science writer and medical editor. She is the author of "Ask Me About My Uterus: A Quest to Make Doctors Believe in Women's Pain."

Ambulatory Care Use and Physician office visits

Data are for the U.S.

• Percent of adults who had a visit with a doctor or other health care professional in the past year: 83.4% (2022)

Source: Interactive Summary Health Statistics for Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2019-2022

• Percent of children who had a visit with a doctor or other health care professional in the past year: 93.9% (2022)

Source: Interactive Summary Health Statistics for Children: National Health Interview Survey, 2019-2022

• Number of visits: 1.0 billion
• Number of visits per 100 persons: 320.7
• Percent of visits made to primary care physicians: 50.3%

Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2019 National Summary Tables, table 1 [PDF – 865 KB]

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• Ambulatory Health Care Data
• National Health Interview Survey
• American Medical Association

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8 reasons to visit an ENT specialist

• Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT)

Otorhinolaryngology is the medical specialty that focuses on consultation, diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose and neck disorders. Because otorhinolaryngology is hard to pronounce and even harder to spell, most patients refer to otorhinolaryngologists as ear, nose and throat, or ENT, providers.

There are many reasons a person would benefit from an appointment with an ENT provider.

Here are the 8 most common conditions treated:

1. chronic ear infections.

This condition is an infection in the air-filled space behind the eardrum. Some people are more prone to getting ear infections. Kids 6 months to 2 years are most susceptible to infections because of the size and shape of their middle ears and eustachian tubes.

Often ear infections are a result of another illness that causes congestion and swelling, such as a cold, flu or allergies. Ear infections can be painful, and cause impaired hearing, fever, headache and loss of balance.

If your child develops multiple ear infections, it may be time to talk with an ENT provider. Ear infections can affect their ability to hear clearly, so recurrent infections could result in speech, social and developmental delays.

Ear tubes are a common treatment for chronic ear infections. During this procedure, an ENT surgeon creates a tiny hole in the eardrum to suction out fluid from the middle ear. Then a tiny tube is placed in the opening to ventilate the ear and prevent the buildup of fluid in the future. Usually, tubes remain in place for four to 18 months and will fall out on their own.

2. Hearing loss

If you find yourself turning up the volume on your devices or feel like voices are too soft or mumbling, it may be time to talk with an ENT provider about your hearing. ENT providers work together with audiologists to discover the cause of your hearing loss, ranging from ear infection and a buildup of earwax to ruptured eardrum or damage to your inner ear.

Also, if you notice rapid hearing loss all at once or over a few days, you should be evaluated by an ENT provider and audiologist within a few days to a week after noticing the hearing loss. This may be related to what is called "sudden sensorineural hearing loss."

3. Dizziness or vertigo

Many body systems, including your inner ear, must work together to maintain balance. About 30% of people in the U.S. experience dizziness or vertigo at some point in their lives. It could be a short-term concern, such as occurring after standing up too quickly, when taking a medication or during a migraine.

The most common cause of vertigo is when calcium crystals in your inner ear become dislodged from their normal position. This is called "benign paroxysmal positional vertigo." People often experience symptoms with changes in head position, such as bending over, looking up or rolling over in bed. An ENT provider can help develop a treatment plan to steady your footing and ease your symptoms.

4. Ringing in the ears

Tinnitus is commonly referred to as ringing in the ears. This is a recurrent ear or head noise with no external source that lasts longer than five minutes and happens more than once per week. For some people, tinnitus can be extremely bothersome and negatively affect the quality of their lives. While there is no cure for tinnitus, an ENT provider can help with many management strategies to decrease your perception of the ringing sound.

5. Chronic stuffy nose

Sinusitis occurs when your sinuses become swollen and inflamed. This swelling interferes with the way mucus normally drains and makes your nose stuffy. You may find it difficult to breathe through your nose, have discolored discharge from your nose or feel tender around the eyes. Long-lasting sinusitis, also called "chronic sinusitis," is classified by a history of sinus infections that don't respond to treatment or symptoms that last longer than three months.

Common causes of chronic sinusitis include nasal polyps, deviated nasal septum, repeated respiratory infections, allergies or complications of other conditions. An ENT provider can help determine the best treatment option to help ease your symptoms including medications, antibiotics or surgery.

6. Chronic sore throat or tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat. Symptoms include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck.

Because appropriate treatment for tonsillitis depends on the cause, it's important to get a prompt and accurate diagnosis. Surgery to remove tonsils, once a common procedure to treat tonsillitis, is usually performed only when tonsillitis occurs frequently, doesn't respond to other treatments or causes serious complications.

7. Lumps in the neck/enlarged lymph nodes

Your lymph nodes, also called lymph glands, play a vital role in your body's ability to fight off infections. You have many lymph nodes in your head and neck. They can become swollen or feel tender, usually due to an infection from bacteria or virus.

Most swollen lymph nodes get better on their own within a few weeks, but you should talk with an ENT provider if the lumps get bigger; are present for more than two weeks; feel hard or rubbery; appear for no apparent reason; are associated with chronic sore throat or voice changes; or you are experiencing a fever, night sweats or unexplained weight loss.

8. Sleep apnea

Sleep apnea is a serious condition where you repeatedly stop breathing or breathe shallowly while sleeping. When this happens, you may snore loudly or make choking noises as you try to breathe. Your brain and body become oxygen-deprived, and you may wake up. More than 18 million adults in the U.S. have sleep apnea, and many cases are undiagnosed.

An ENT provider may request that you complete a sleep study to measure how well you sleep and how your body responds to sleep problems. This test can help your health care team find out if you have a sleep disorder, how severe it is and the best treatment option for you.

Luke Andera, M.D. , is a physician in Ear, Nose & Throat  in La Crosse  and Onalaska , Wisconsin.

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5 facts about Hispanic Americans and health care

Hispanic Americans have long faced health care challenges in the United States, including lower health insurance coverage rates and less access to preventative care.

Language and cultural barriers, as well as higher levels of poverty, are among the social and economic factors contributing to disparate health outcomes for Hispanic Americans. These disparities were apparent during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic , when Hispanics were far more likely than White Americans to have died from the virus .

Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to highlight Hispanic Americans’ attitudes about and experiences with health care. We surveyed U.S. adults from Nov. 30 to Dec. 12, 2021, including 3,716 Hispanic adults (inclusive of those who identify as any race). A total of 14,497 U.S. adults completed the survey.

The survey was conducted on the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP) and included an oversample of Black and Hispanic adults from the Ipsos KnowledgePanel. Respondents on both panels are recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the  ATP’s methodology .

Here are the survey  questions used for this analysis , along with responses, and its methodology .

This study was informed by a group of advisers with expertise related to Black and Hispanic Americans’ attitudes and experiences in science, health, STEM education and other areas. Pew Research Center remains solely responsible for all aspects of the research, including any errors associated with its products and findings.

This analysis includes additional information from sources including KFF and the U.S. Census Bureau. Further information about these sources can be found through the links in the text.

Here are five key facts about Hispanic Americans and health care, based on a 2021 Pew Research Center survey of Hispanic adults and other sources:

Hispanic adults are less likely than other Americans to have seen a health care provider recently and to have a primary care provider. Seven-in-ten say they’ve seen a doctor or other health care provider in the past year, compared with 82% among Americans overall. Hispanics are also slightly less likely than Americans overall to say they have a primary care provider (68% vs. 76%).

Health care access among Hispanic immigrants differs markedly based on how long they have lived in the U.S. More recent arrivals are less likely than those who have been in the country longer to have seen a doctor recently and to have a primary care provider. For example, 48% of Hispanic immigrants who have been in the U.S. for a decade or less report having a primary care provider, compared with 79% among those who have been in the U.S. for more than two decades.

Recent arrivals make up a declining share of Hispanic immigrants in the U.S. And more broadly, immigrants account for a declining share of the overall U.S. Hispanic population . In 2021, they made up 32% of all Hispanic Americans, down from 37% in 2010.

Hispanic Americans are less likely than people of other racial and ethnic backgrounds to have health insurance. As of 2021, the uninsured rate among Hispanics under age 65 was 19%, according to KFF, formerly known as the Kaiser Family Foundation . That was higher than the share among Black (11%), White (7%) and Asian Americans (6%). (These figures include rates among children as well as adults.)

While comparatively high, the uninsured rate among Hispanic Americans under age 65 in 2021 was down from 33% in 2010, before the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, according to KFF.

Lower rates of health insurance coverage play a major role in Hispanic Americans’ less frequent interactions with health care providers.

The relative youth of the U.S. Hispanic population may be another factor at play. The median age of Hispanic Americans was 30 as of 2020, compared with 41 for non-Hispanic Americans, according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Among both Hispanic and non-Hispanic Americans, younger people are less likely than their elders to have seen a health care provider recently and to have a primary care provider.

Many Hispanic Americans say worse health outcomes for Hispanics are tied to occupational and structural factors. Some 53% of Hispanic adults say a major reason why Hispanic people generally have worse health outcomes is that they’re more likely to work in jobs that put them at risk for health problems. About half (48%) say a major reason is that Hispanic people have less access to quality medical care where they live.

At least four-in-ten Hispanic adults also point to communication problems arising from language or cultural differences (44%) and preexisting health conditions (40%) as major reasons. (Majorities view all of these factors as at least minor reasons for disparate health outcomes among Hispanic adults.)

The coronavirus outbreak took an especially heavy toll on Hispanic Americans when compared with White Americans. Hispanics also face higher rates of certain diseases like diabetes than some other Americans.

When it comes to progress in health outcomes for Hispanic people, 51% of Hispanic adults say health outcomes have gotten a lot or a little better over the past two decades, compared with 13% who say they’ve gotten a lot or a little worse; 34% say they’ve stayed about the same.

About a third of Hispanic Americans – including 58% of Hispanic immigrants – say they prefer to see a Spanish-speaking health care provider. Overall, 35% of Hispanic adults strongly or somewhat prefer seeing a Spanish-speaking doctor or other health care provider for routine care. A larger share (51%) say it makes no difference whether the doctor they see speaks Spanish or not. And 13% say they would rather not see a Spanish-speaking doctor.

Attitudes are broadly similar when it comes to seeing a Hispanic doctor or health care provider. A third of Hispanic adults say they would prefer to see a Hispanic doctor for routine care, while 59% say it makes no difference and 7% would rather not.

Among Hispanic adults, immigrants are much more likely than those born in the U.S. to prefer seeing a Spanish-speaking doctor (58% vs. 12%) and to prefer seeing a Hispanic doctor (47% vs. 20%). About half of Hispanic immigrants in the U.S. mostly speak and read in Spanish.

Hispanic Americans account for 19% of the U.S. population . But only 9% of the nation’s health care practitioners and technicians are Hispanic, according to a 2021 Pew Research Center analysis of federal government data . And just 7% of all U.S. physicians and surgeons and 7% of registered nurses are Hispanic.

Black Hispanic adults are more likely to report negative health care experiences than other Hispanic adults. Overall, about half of Hispanic adults (52%) say they’ve had at least one of six negative health care experiences asked about in the Center’s 2021 survey, including feeling rushed or having to speak up to get the proper care. This is similar to the share of all U.S. adults who report having at least one of these types of negative experiences.

However, there are notable differences among Hispanics by race. Hispanic Americans who identify as Black are much more likely than White Hispanic adults to have faced negative health care experiences. For instance, 52% of Black Hispanic adults say they’ve had to speak up to get proper care, compared with 31% of White Hispanic adults. And Black Hispanic adults are 15 percentage points more likely than White Hispanic adults to say they’ve received lower-quality care (37% vs. 22%).

While negative health care experiences are fairly common, most Hispanic adults have generally positive opinions about their latest health care interaction. A 56% majority say the quality of care they most recently received from doctors or other health care providers was excellent or very good, while another 28% say it was good. Fewer (14%) say the care they received was only fair or poor. Black and White Hispanic adults are about equally likely to give positive ratings of their most recent health care experience.

Note: Here are the survey  questions used for this analysis , along with responses, and its methodology .

• Health Care
• Hispanics/Latinos
• Medicine & Health

Alec Tyson is an associate director of research at Pew Research Center

Mark Hugo Lopez is director of race and ethnicity research at Pew Research Center

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