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Publication: Twenty Reasons Sustainable Tourism Counts for Development

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Travel & Tourism Development Index 2021: Rebuilding for a Sustainable and Resilient Future

1. About the Travel & Tourism Development Index

The Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) is a direct evolution of the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), which has been published biennially for the past 15 years. The TTDI benchmarks and measures “the set of factors and policies that enable the sustainable and resilient development of the Travel and Tourism (T&T) sector, which in turn contributes to the development of a country”.

The transition from TTCI to TTDI reflects the index’s increased coverage of travel and tourism (T&T) development concepts, including the expanding role of sustainability and resilience in T&T growth, and is designed to focus more attention on the sector’s role in broader economic and social development as well as the greater need for T&T stakeholder collaboration and integrated development strategies (local, regional and international) to mitigate the impact of the pandemic, bolster the recovery and deal with future challenges and risks. The TTDI framework and methodology have also been enhanced to reduce index bias and improve flexibility in use. Despite these changes, the TTDI and TTCI remain very close. Earlier editions of the TTCI have always looked at the concept of “competitiveness” as a means of developing the T&T sector and thus measured elements that enabled such development. In this context, It is also important to point out that the new TTDI does not measure the level of T&T development that an economy possesses, but the potential drivers of such development.

The development of the TTDI was pursued following the publication of the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019: Travel and Tourism at a Tipping Point , which considered the challenges linked to tourism development and growth such as overcrowding, unbalanced distribution of T&T economic benefits and damage to tourism-generating natural and cultural assets that ultimately diminished liveability for residents, created a local backlash against T&T development and harmed visitor experiences. Since the publication of the 2019 TTCI, the impact of COVID-19 and now geopolitical disruptions have further demonstrated the potential volatility of the sector and the need to reassess how it embeds resilience into its design and management practices.

In order to ensure a productive and long-standing recovery, the sector must incorporate lessons learned from current crises and ensure better preparedness for future headwinds, many of which can be historic and long term in nature and impact. The new TTDI framework is designed to support this pivot in strategy and practice.

The TTDI framework has been created with input from T&T stakeholders, including an advisory group that includes representatives from: Bloom Consulting, the International Air Transport Association (IATA), JLL Hotels & Hospitality Group, the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA), the University of Surrey, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). In addition, the index relies on close collaboration with the following data partners: AirDNA, Bloom Consulting, Euromonitor International, GlobalPetrolPrices.com, IATA, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), STR, Tripadvisor, the UNWTO and the WTTC.

Please note that while the TTDI is an update of the TTCI, due to the altered methodology, framework and other differences, the 2021 TTDI should not be compared to the 2019 TTCI. To help address this, the 2019 results were recalculated using the new framework, methodology and indicators of the TTDI. Therefore, all comparisons in score and rank throughout this publication are between the 2019 results and the 2021 results of the TTDI.

For more detailed information on the TTDI methodology and new framework, country peer and income group classification, indicator details, partner information and to explore the index results through interactive data visualizations, please visit the index website .

1.1 Benchmarking the enablers of Travel and Tourism development

The index provides a strategic benchmarking tool for business, governments, international organizations and others to develop the T&T sector. By allowing cross-country comparison and by benchmarking countries’ progress on the drivers of T&T development, it informs policies and investment decisions related to the development of T&T businesses and the sector as a whole. The index provides unique insights into the strengths and areas for development of each country to support their efforts to enhance the long-term growth of their T&T sector in a sustainable and resilient manner. Furthermore, it provides a valuable platform for multistakeholder dialogue to formulate appropriate policies and actions at local, national, regional and global levels.

The index is comprised of five subindexes, 17 pillars and 112 individual indicators, distributed among the different pillars. However, the five subindexes are not factored into the calculation of the index and are used only for presentation and categorization purposes. The Non-Leisure Resources, Socioeconomic Resilience and Conditions, and T&T Demand Pressure and Impact pillars are all new when comparing earlier TTCI editions with the new TTDI.

Figure 1: The Travel & Tourism Development Index framework

Business Environment (9 indicators) : This pillar captures the extent to which a country’s policy environment is conducive to companies doing business. Research has found significant links between economic growth and aspects such as how well property rights are protected and the efficiency of the legal framework. Policy stability and levels of regulatory burdens and corruption also play a critical role in determining economic development, productivity and overall investment decisions. These factors are important for all sectors, including T&T. In addition, we consider access to financing for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which is a particularly relevant issue for T&T development as the majority of operators are SMEs.

Safety and Security (6 indicators) : Safety and security are critical factors in determining the success of a country’s T&T sector. This pillar measures the extent to which a country exposes locals, tourists and businesses to security risks. In addition to creating barriers to T&T investment, countries with a high incidence of crime or violence are likely to deter visitors, making it less attractive to develop the T&T sector in those places. Here, the costliness and occurrence of common crime and violence, police reliability, and terrorism and armed conflict are considered.

Health and Hygiene (6 indicators): This pillar measures healthcare infrastructure, accessibility and health security. COVID-19 has highlighted the potential impact of communicable diseases on the T&T sector. In particular, the pandemic has demonstrated how important a country’s healthcare system is when it comes to mitigating the impact of pandemics and ensuring safe travel conditions, and workforce availability and resilience. In general, if tourists or sector employees do become ill, the country’s health sector must be able to ensure that they are properly cared for, as measured by the availability of and access to physicians, hospital beds and general healthcare services. Moreover, access to safe drinking water and sanitation is important for the comfort and health of travellers and locals alike. Please note that due to evolving COVID-19 conditions, this pillar does not track the pandemic itself.

Human Resources and Labour Market (9 indicators): This pillar measures the availability of quality employees and the dynamism, efficiency and productivity of the labour market. High-quality human resources in an economy ensure that the sector has access to the collaborators it needs. Regarding a quality workforce, this means that years of schooling, formal educational attainment rates, the education system’s ability to meet economic needs and private-sector involvement in upgrading human resources are measured. Regarding the labour market, the flexibility, efficiency and openness of labour markets, as well as labour productivity in the hospitality, restaurant and transport sectors, are tracked.

ICT Readiness (8 indicators): This pillar measures the development and use of ICT infrastructure and digital services. Online services and digital platforms continue to grow in importance for T&T business operations. Such services and platforms are being used for everything from planning itineraries to booking travel and accommodation. Moreover, ICT has become crucial for businesses to access and advertise to new markets, improve efficiency and gain insights into consumer needs. The components of this pillar measure not only the existence of modern physical infrastructure (e.g. mobile network coverage and electricity supply), but also the degree to which digital platforms are used for T&T and related services and gain insights into consumer needs. The components of this pillar measure not only the existence of modern physical infrastructure (e.g. mobile network coverage and electricity supply), but also the degree to which digital platforms are used for T&T and related services.

Prioritization of Travel and Tourism (5 indicators): This pillar measures the extent to which the government and investors actively promote and invest in the development of the T&T sector. The extent to which the government prioritizes the T&T sector has an important impact on T&T development. By making clear that the sector is of primary concern, the government can channel funds to essential development projects and coordinate the actors and resources necessary to develop the sector. The government can also play an important role in directly attracting tourists through national marketing campaigns. This pillar includes measures of government spending, country branding and the completeness and timeliness of providing T&T data to international organizations, as these indicate the importance that a country assigns to its T&T sector. Moreover, overall capital investment in T&T is accounted for as it measures the degree to which public and private stakeholders are willing to invest resources in T&T relative to other parts of the economy.

International Openness (4 indicators): This pillar measures how open a country is to visitors and providing travel services. Developing a T&T sector internationally requires a certain degree of openness and travel facilitation. Restrictive policies such as cumbersome visa requirements diminish tourists’ willingness to visit a country. Components measured in this pillar include: the number of bilateral air service agreements that the government has entered into, which affects the availability of air connections to the country; and the number of regional trade agreements in force, which indicates the extent to which it is possible to provide world-class tourism services. Financial openness is also measured as the free flow of capital is important for cross-border trade and investment in T&T services.

Price Competitiveness (5 indicators): This pillar measures how costly it is to travel or invest in a country. Lower costs related to travel in a country increase its attractiveness for many travellers as well as making its T&T sector more appealing to investors. Among the aspects of price competitiveness taken into account in this pillar are: airfare ticket taxes and airport charges, which can make flight tickets much more expensive; the relative cost of hotel and short-term rental accommodation; the cost of living, represented by purchasing power parity; and fuel price costs, which directly influence the cost of travel.

Air Transport Infrastructure (4 indicators ): Air connectivity is essential for travellers’ ease of access to and from countries, as well as movement within many countries. In this pillar we measure international and domestic air route capacity and quality, using indicators such as available seat kilometres, the number of operating airlines and the efficiency of air transport services. The extent to which a country’s airports are integrated into the global air transport network is also measured.

Ground and Port Infrastructure (7 indicators): This pillar measures the availability of efficient and accessible ground and port transportation to important business centres and tourist attractions. Sufficiently extensive road and railway networks, indicated by road and railway densities, as well as road, railway and port infrastructure that meets international standards of comfort, security and modal efficiency are vital to enabling a T&T economy. This pillar also accounts for the efficiency of and access to public transport services such as underground rail systems and taxis as these are regularly used by visitors and T&T employees, especially in urban locations.

Tourist Service Infrastructure (5 indicators): This pillar measures the availability and competitive provision of key tourism services such as accommodation and car rentals. The availability of sufficient accommodation, resort and leisure facilities can represent a significant advantage for a country. We measure the level of tourism service infrastructure through the number of hotel rooms and short-term rental units, complemented by the extent of access to services such as car rentals and ATMs. Competition among tourism services is also accounted for because it plays a role in the pricing and quality of services.

Natural Resources (5 indicators): This pillar measures the available natural capital as well as the development of outdoor tourism activities. Natural capital is defined in terms of the landscape, natural parks and richness of fauna. Countries with natural assets may be better positioned to attract tourists. In this pillar, we include several attractiveness measures, including the number of United Nations Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (UNESCO) natural World Heritage Sites, the richness of fauna and biodiversity in the country and the scope of protected areas, which indicates the extent of national parks and nature reserves. Digital Demand [i] for nature and relevant activities is also measured as an illustration of how well known and effectively marketed a country’s natural assets are.

Cultural Resources (6 indicators): This pillar measures the availability of cultural resources such as archaeological sites and entertainment facilities. To an extent, this pillar captures how cultural resources are protected, developed and promoted. Included here are the number of UNESCO cultural World Heritage Sites, the number of large stadiums that can host significant sport or entertainment events, and a measure of Digital Demand for a country’s cultural sites and entertainment. Also included are the number of UNESCO Creative Cities, representing efforts to protect and develop cultural and creative activities and industries in urban centres.

Non-Leisure Resources (4 indicators): This pillar measures the extent and attractiveness of factors that drive business and other non-leisure travel, which account for a significant share of T&T revenue and profit. We have included the presence of major multinational corporations and cities that are highly integrated into the global economy as proxies for business travel. Meanwhile, the number and quality of a country’s universities play an important role in attracting academic travel. Lastly, online searches related to business, academic and medical travel are also measured to imply global interest in a country’s non-leisure resources.

Environmental Sustainability (15 indicators): This pillar measures the general sustainability of an economy’s natural environment, protection of its natural resources, and vulnerability to and readiness for climate change. The importance of the natural environment in providing an attractive location for tourism cannot be overstated, so policies and factors enhancing environmental sustainability are an important aspect of ensuring a country’s future attractiveness as a destination. Water stress, marine and air pollution, loss of forest cover and the degree of extinction risk for species provide an insight into the status of a country’s environment. Additionally, public- and private-sector protection of the environment and national parks and the ratification of international environmental treaties indicate the degree to which the government and the private sector are preserving the natural assets that generate nature-based T&T. Lastly, metrics related to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), the use of renewable energy, investment in green infrastructure and exposure to weather-related events are important in understanding how exposed, ready and willing a country is to address climate change, which in itself is one of the greatest long-term threats the T&T sector faces.

Socioeconomic Resilience and Conditions (7 indicators): This pillar captures the socio-economic well-being and resilience of an economy. Gender equality, inclusion of a diverse workforce, greater workers’ rights and reducing the number of young adults not in education, employment or training are all important for improving employee productivity and creating a larger and higher-quality labour pool. This is particularly important for the T&T sector as it often employs an above-average number of women, members of minorities and youths. Investment in and greater coverage of social protection services such as child and maternity support, unemployment and disability benefits are also key to making the labour market more resilient in the face of economic downturns and other shocks. Furthermore, combined with access to basic resources, as measured by poverty rates, all of the factors above play a role in broader social and economic stability, which affects investment in T&T.

Travel and Tourism Demand Pressure and Impact (7 indicators): This pillar measures factors that may indicate the existence of, or risk related to, overcrowding and demand volatility, as well as the quality and impact of T&T. The T&T sector does not operate in a vacuum. Unmanaged tourism development can lead to destinations operating beyond their capacity, leading to overcrowding, damaged natural and cultural resources, strained infrastructure, increased housing prices and overall reduced liveability for local residents. If left unaddressed, such issues can lead to a backlash by residents towards tourism, reduced visitor satisfaction and lower overall destination attractiveness, all of which negatively affect T&T development. Aspects measured include length of visitor stays, tourism seasonality, proxies for the dispersion of tourism, and the distribution of T&T economic benefits to local communities. Such factors can all help mitigate these issues by lowering the strain on destination capacity, creating resident buy-in, promoting more travel options and markets, and enriching travellers’ experiences.

1.2 Data and methodology

Most of the dataset for the TTDI is statistical data from international organizations, with the remainder based on survey data from the World Economic Forum’s annual Executive Opinion Survey, which is used to measure concepts that are qualitative in nature or for which internationally comparable statistics are not available for enough countries.

The sources of statistical data include, but are not limited to, AirDNA, Bloom Consulting, Euromonitor International, IATA, ICAO, the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), the International Union for the Conservation (IUCN), STR, Tripadvisor, UNESCO, UN Statistics Division, UNWTO, the World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank, CIA World Factbook, WTO, WTTC and the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). The overall TTDI score is computed through successive aggregations of scores, from the indicator level (e.g. the lowest, most disaggregated level) through the pillar levels, using a simple average (i.e. the arithmetic mean) to combine the components. Scores on each indicator are first normalized and rated on a common scale.

1.3 Country coverage

The TTDI covers 117 countries. Economies that were covered in the TTCI 2019 but are not covered in the TTDI 2021 are Algeria, Brunei Darussalam, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Eswatini, Gambia, Guinea, Haiti, Iran, Jamaica, Liberia, Mauritania, Mozambique, Norway, Oman, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Uganda, Ukraine, Zimbabwe and Taiwan, China.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

01 Sep THE IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainability is a concept that has been gaining social and political recognition, not least due to the coordinated launch of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000, and now with the 2030 Agenda and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Established in 2015 and promoted by the United Nations, the SDGs are key to ensuring an environmentally, economically and socially sustainable world.

The 2030 Agenda is the reference framework for all UN agencies, programs and funds, and the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is responsible for ensuring international tourism plays its part in its achievement.

The following guidelines have been established:

• The principle of sustainability refers not just to the environmental impact of tourism but also to its social and economic impacts.
• To protect and preserve the natural spaces and biological ecosystems of destinations.
• To respect the traditions and cultures of host countries and develop intercultural tolerance.
• To ensure economic activities that reduce poverty in the host country.

These guidelines are only the first link in a whole chain that is concerned with and advocates sustainable tourism.

These guidelines mean that as tourism restarts, the sector is ready to grow back stronger and better for people, planet and prosperity.

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Mengenal Sustainable Tourism, Konsep Wisata dengan Memperhatikan Aspek Keberlanjutan Lingkungan

Kompas.com travel jalan jalan, traveling di indonesia aja, hotria mariana,, sri noviyanti.

Tim Redaksi

Hotria Mariana

Penulis sri noviyanti.

Salah satu bukti penerapan sustainable tourism di Indonesia terlihat di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon , Banten. Beragam jenis flora dan fauna hidup serta tumbuh di taman seluas 122.956 hektare (ha) ini.

Selain itu, taman nasional yang berada di ujung barat Pulau Jawa tersebut juga menjadi rumah bagi hewan langka berstatus kritis, yakni badak jawa. Perlu diketahui, populasi spesies ini hingga Agustus 2020 hanya berjumlah 74 individu. Angka ini terdiri dari 40 jantan dan 34 betina.

Dikutip dari The Conversation , Jumat (24/9/2021), jumlah populasi tersebut tergolong kecil untuk total populasi global suatu spesien. Karena itu, pelestarian badak jawa masih menjadi pekerjaan rumah (PR) besar bagi Indonesia.

Tak sekadar melestarikan hewan dan tumbuhan, keberadaan Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon juga mampu menciptakan peluang ekonomi bagi masyarakat sekitar karena fungsinya sebagai destinasi wisata.

Ada banyak kegiatan seru bisa dijajal oleh pelancong ketika berkunjung ke sana. Sebut saja, snorkeling di Pulau Peucang, hiking ke Karang Copong, berselancar di Pulau Panaita, trekking ke Gunung Honje, bersantai di Padang Rumput Cidaon, menyaksikan owa jawa di Curug Cikacang, menikmati kekayaan alam di Kepulauan Handeuleum, serta berkano di Pulau Pamanggangan.

2. Taman Sari Buwana, Bali

Sebagai negara agraris, Indonesia memiliki banyak lahan pertanian. Area-area itu pun diberkahi dengan pemandangan luar biasa. Salah satu contohnya terlihat pada persawahan di Taman Sari Buwana yang terletak di Banjar Beng Utara, Desa Tunjuk, Kabupaten Tabanan, Bali .

Menariknya, sistem pertanian di sana masih menggunakan cara-cara tradisional, baik dari segi alat maupun metode bertani. Hal ini terlihat dari keberadaan subak dan aktivitas metekap , yakni membajak sawah menggunakan dua ekor sapi.

Kawasan tersebut menawarkan konsep farming tour kepada wisatawan. Meski begitu, bukan berarti kegiatan di Taman Sari Buwana terbatas pada kegiatan bercocok tanam. Sebaliknya, banyak aktivitas seru bisa dilakukan di sini. Contohnya, trekking dengan rute Subak Kelasem hingga Subak Babakan.

Selain itu, wisatawan juga bisa belajar membuat canang sari (terbuat dari janur dan bunga) dan ceper (wadah berbentuk kotak dari daun kelapa dan pinang) yang merupakan perlengkapan ibadah umat Hindu di Bali.

Dilansir dari situs web resmi Taman Sari Buwana www.balivillagelife.com , aktivitas wisata di destinasi ini pada dasarnya adalah kegiatan semisosial yang dikembangkan untuk tujuan keberlanjutan. Jadi, retribusi yang masuk ke pengelola akan dialokasikan untuk mendukung kegiatan belajar-mengajar di Desa Tunjuk.

Sebagai informasi, setiap Minggu, anak-anak di desa tersebut berkumpul di salah satu rumah warga untuk belajar tentang komputer, bahasa Inggris, dan aritmatika China, serta cara membangun mentalitas positif.

3. Raja Ampat, Papua Barat

Jauh dari hiruk pikuk kota metropolitan ditambah lanskap alam yang begitu menawan membuat Raja Ampat menjadi salah satu tujuan wisata favorit pelancong domestik dan mancanegara.

Daya tarik utama Raja Ampat terletak pada perairannya yang begitu kaya akan biota laut. Sebanyak 699 jenis moluska, 5 jenis penyu, dan 16 jenis mamalia laut hidup di sana.

Selain itu, Raja Ampat juga menjadi rumah bagi 70 persen spesies karang dunia, dengan rincian 553 terumbu karang dan 1.505 jenis ikan karang, sebagaimana dikutip dari Kompas.id , Selasa (12/10/2021).

Dengan segala kekayaan bahari tersebut ditambah kondisi laut yang masih terjaga, tak heran bahwa Raja Ampat mendapat julukan surga bawah laut.

Untuk diketahui, kawasan Raja Ampat memiliki sekitar 113 titik penyelaman. Beberapa spot menyelam terbaik dan paling terkenal adalah Kabui Passage, di sekitar Dermaga Pulau Arborek, Sauwandarek, Yenbuba, dan Dinding Friwen.

Tak sekadar menjadi tempat konservasi biota, Raja Ampat juga berfungsi sebagai sumber mata pencarian bagi masyarakat sekitar.

Sekretaris Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Raja Ampat Engelbert Wader mengungkapkan, cukup banyak profesi dan bisnis pariwisata bermunculan seiring geliat wisata di kawasan Raja Ampat. Contohnya, usaha rental mobil, pemandu wisata, dan penginapan.

Mengukur jejak karbon

Agar berwisata di tiga destinasi tersebut ramah terhadap kelestarian lingkungan, Menteri Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif (Menparekraf) Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno mengajak pelancong untuk memperhatikan jejak karbon ( carbon footprint ).

Adapun jejak karbon adalah total emisi yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas individu, peristiwa, organisasi, atau produk dan didefinisikan dalam karbon dioksida ekuivalen.

Pasalnya, hasil riset Nature Climate Change menunjukkan bahwa industri pariwisata berkontribusi pada emisi karbon dunia. Jumlahnya mencapai 8 persen yang berasal dari aktivitas transportasi, belanja, dan makanan.

"Keberlanjutan ekonomi, kelestarian budaya, dan keberlanjutan lingkungan adalah satu kaitan nada. Ini sesuai dengan tren pariwisata personalized , customized , localize, dan smallest impact ," ujarnya, seperti dikutip dari laman resmi Kemenparekraf, Jumat (7/1/2022).

Untuk memudahkan wisatawan mengukur jejak karbon selama berwisata, Kemenparekraf meluncurkan Carbon Footprint Calculator dan Offsetting (CFPC) .

Selain memperhatikan jejak karbon, Kemenparekraf juga mengimbau agar wisatawan mematuhi segala aturan perjalanan yang berlaku demi keamanan bersama. Salah satunya, vaksinasi lengkap.

Protokol kesehatan (prokes) 6M juga wajib diterapkan, mulai dari memakai masker, mencuci tangan dengan sabun di air mengalir, menjaga jarak, menjauhi kerumunan, mengurangi mobilitas, hingga menghindari makan bersama.

Pastikan juga spot-spot wisata yang dikunjungi di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Taman Sari Buwana, dan Raja Ampat sudah tersertifikasi Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and Environmental Sustainability (CHSE) dari Kemenparekraf.

Sebagai informasi, CHSE diberikan kepada pelaku industri pariwisata, seperti hotel, restoran, dan wahana rekreasi yang mampu memberikan jaminan kebersihan, kesehatan, keselamatan, dan kelestarian lingkungan kepada wisatawan.

Agar tidak ketinggalan berita menarik seputar pariwisata #WonderfulIndonesia, jangan lupa follow akun Instagram @pesona.indonesia dan akun TikTok @pesonaindonesia . Selain itu, kamu juga bisa mengikuti kuis berhadiah Pesona Punya Kuis (PUKIS).

Persyaratan untuk mengikuti kuis itu tidaklah sulit. Peserta hanya perlu menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan di kedua akun media sosial tersebut, serta tag tiga orang teman.

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5 Destinasi Wisata Berbasis Sustainable Tourism di Indonesia

KOMPAS.com – Saat ini, Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif (Kemenparekraf)/Badan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif (Baparekraf) memiliki fokus mendorong pariwisata berkelanjutan atau sustainable tourism dibandingkan mengejar angka kunjungan wisatawan di Indonesia.

Untuk diketahui, pariwisata berkelanjutan merupakan pengembangan konsep berwisata yang dapat memberikan dampak jangka panjang, mulai dari dampak terhadap lingkungan, sosial, budaya, serta ekonomi.

Dampak tersebut harus dapat dinikmati oleh masyarakat lokal dan wisatawan yang berkunjung, baik untuk masa kini maupun masa depan.

Dalam upaya mengembangkan sustainable tourism , Kemenparekraf/Baparekraf memiliki empat pilar fokus.

Pilar tersebut adalah pengelolaan berkelanjutan (bisnis pariwisata), ekonomi berkelanjutan (sosio ekonomi) jangka panjang, keberlanjutan budaya ( sustainable culture ) yang harus selalu dijaga dan dikembangkan, serta aspek lingkungan ( environment sustainability ).

Berbekal pilar tersebut, Kemenparekraf/Baparekraf meyakini bahwa tren pariwisata berkelanjutan akan menjadi kegiatan berwisata yang banyak diminati wisatawan. Pasalnya, wisatawan tidak hanya ingin berlibur, tetapi juga memperhatikan protokol berwisata yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan, keamanan, kenyaman, dan kelestarian alam.

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Sejatinya, konsep sustainable tourism bukanlah hal baru di Indonesia. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan banyaknya destinasi wisata berbasis sustainable tourism yang masih terus bertahan hingga sekarang.

Berikut lima destinasi wisata berbasis sustainable tourism di Indonesia yang lengkap dengan keindahan alam.

1. Taman Nasional Baluran

Taman Nasional Baluran merupakan tempat wisata berwawasan lingkungan yang mengutamakan konservasi alam. Tempat wisata ini berfungsi sebagai pendukung pelestarian satwa dan lingkungan sekaligus menunjang kesejahteraan masyarakat setempat.

Taman nasional yang berada di Situbondo, Jawa Timur, ini juga dikenal sebagai ‘Little Afrika’ di Jawa. Pasalnya, Taman Nasional Baluran memiliki suasana savana yang khas. Menurut jurnal Domestic Case Study yang dikutip dari Katadata , Taman Nasional Baluran memiliki 444 jenis tumbuhan, 28 jenis mamalia, serta 196 aves, pisces, dan reptil.

Tak hanya Taman Nasional, di Kawasan Baluran juga memiliki berbagai objek wisata menarik lain yang bisa dikunjungi, Sebut saja Pantai Bilik Sijile, Gunung Baluran, serta Savana Bekol.

2. Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon

Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon dikenal sebagai salah satu Situs Warisan Dunia dan rumah bagi Badak Jawa. Tak hanya itu, taman nasional ini juga dikenal sebagai destinasi wisata yang mengembangkan sustainable tourism di Indonesia.

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Hal tersebut wajar mengingat Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon tidak sekadar melestarikan alam dan Badak Jawa yang kian langka, tetapi juga memberdayakan masyarakat sekitar guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi.

Pengunjung bisa menikmati berbagai spot wisata di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, mulai dari snorkeling dan diving di Pulau Peucang, menikmati kekayaan alam di Kepulauan Handeuleum, serta bermain kano di Pulau Pamanggangan.

3. Sangeh Monkey Forest

Pulau Bali juga memiliki destinasi wisata berbasis sustainable tourism , yakni Sangeh Monkey Forest. Di kawasan ini, wisatawan bisa dapat melihat langsung habitat alami dari ratusan monyet berekor panjang sekaligus mengenal lingkungan alam yang masuk dalam kawasan hutan lindung Bali.

Memiliki luas sekitar 10 hektare dengan udara yang sejuk, Hutan Sangeh memiliki berbagai jenis flora yang cukup langka. Sebut saja, tanaman amplas, pule, pala, buni, serta cempaka kuning.

Selain menjadi “rumah” bagi ratusan monyet berekor panjang, Sangeh Monkey Forest juga menjadi tempat suci bagi masyarakat Hindu di Bali. Terdapat dua pura di tengah hutan yang disakralkan, yaitu Pura Melanting dan Pura Bukit Sari.

4. Punti Kayu Palembang

Punti Kayu merupakan kawasan penyumbang oksigen alami terbesar di Palembang. Tak heran, bila kawasan ini menjadi salah satu destinasi wisata dengan konsep sustainable tourism yang menarik untuk dikunjungi.

Punti Kayu memiliki deretan pohon pinus dan berbagai flora, mulai dari mahoni, talog, hingga akasia.

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Selain itu, wisatawan juga bisa melihat berbagai macam fauna unik dan langka di Punti Kayu. Sebut saja, kera ekor panjang, beruk, tupai, biawak, musang, hingga berbagai serangga langka yang belum diberi nama.

Wisatawan juga bisa belajar sambil berwisata karena dapat berinteraksi langsung dengan satwa. Tak hanya itu, wisatawan juga bisa belajar menanam bibit pohon serta menikmati berbagai permainan yang menarik di Punti Kayu.

5. Umbul Ponggok

Umbul Ponggok menjadi salah satu contoh destinasi sustainable tourism yang cukup unik dan menarik perhatian wisatawan untuk berlibur ke Klaten, Jawa Tengah. Pasalnya, konsep sustainable tourism di Umbul Ponggok adalah pengelolaan berkelanjutan atau bisnis pariwisata.

Sejak awal, tempat wisata yang berlokasi di Desa Ponggok ini memiliki potensi sumber air melimpah. Hal tersebut mendorong masyarakat memanfaatkan sumber daya air yang biasanya hanya digunakan sebagai irigasi sawah menjadi atraksi wisata. Wisata air tersebut berupa latihan menyelam, berswafoto di dalam air, serta snorkeling.

Masyarakat lokal yang terjun langsung mengelola Umbul Ponggok menjadi kunci sukses destinasi wisata tersebut. Dengan dukungan penuh masyarakat yang terlibat dalam memanfaatkan potensi alam yang dimilikinya, Umbul Ponggok menjadikan salah destinasi wisata dengan penghasilan tinggi, yakni mencapai Rp 4 miliar per tahun.

Itulah beberapa destinasi wisata berbasis sustainable tourism di Indonesia yang sayang dilewatkan. Tertarik untuk mengunjungi tempat wisata di atas?

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PENGENALAN PARIWISATA BERKELANJUTAN (SUSTAINABLE TOURISM)

Apa itu pariwisata berkelanjutan ( sustainable tourism )?

Pariwisata berkelanjutan ( sustainable tourism ) mengacu pada jenis pariwisata di mana dampak lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi dari pariwisata diperhitungkan, dan dimana penyesuaian yang relevan dibuat untuk meminimalkan konsekuensi negatif ini. Dalam sustainable tourism ini, kita mempertimbangkan kebutuhan para pelancong, tetapi juga kebutuhan komunitas tuan rumah, bisnis lokal, dan alam.

Ini bisa berarti, mengadopsi metode transportasi yang lebih berkelanjutan, tinggal di akomodasi yang lebih ramah lingkungan, makan makanan yang bersumber secara lokal dan etis, dan menghindari aktivitas berbahaya. Pariwisata berkelanjutan dapat dikaitkan dengan liburan, perjalanan bisnis atau acara, tetapi juga perjalanan untuk mengunjungi teman dan keluarga juga.

Apa tujuan dari pariwisata berkelanjutan atau sustainable tourism ?

Tujuan akhir dari pariwisata berkelanjutan adalah untuk mengurangi dampak pariwisata terhadap masyarakat lokal dan lingkungan. Ini berarti memanfaatkan sumber daya secara optimal untuk menghindari konsumsi berlebihan, membantu konservasi alam dan membuat upaya sadar untuk menghormati tradisi dan warisan lokal, dan berkontribusi pada pelestariannya.

Jadi, tujuan utama yang terkait dengan pariwisata berkelanjutan adalah membuat masa depan pariwisata jangka panjang lebih layak dan ini dicapai melalui pendidikan dan perubahan perilaku. Selain itu, pariwisata berkelanjutan bertujuan untuk memberikan manfaat ekonomi dan sosial bagi masyarakat lokal, menghasilkan lebih banyak hubungan ‘memberi dan menerima’ yang saling menguntungkan.

Apa perbedaan antara pariwisata yang bertanggung jawab ( Responsible Tourism ) dan pariwisata berkelanjutan ( Sustainable tourism )?

Konsep pariwisata berkelanjutan dan pariwisata yang bertanggung jawab terkait erat, sedemikian rupa sehingga sering digunakan secara bergantian. Namun, ada beberapa perbedaan antara kedua ide tersebut dan akan sangat membantu untuk memahami apa yang memisahkan kedua istilah tersebut, serta apa yang menyatukannya.

Pariwisata berkelanjutan sangat terfokus pada keberlanjutan jangka panjang industri pariwisata, sehingga kebutuhan saat ini tidak membahayakan kebutuhan generasi mendatang. Tanggung jawab dibagi antara para pemimpin politik, perusahaan pariwisata dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya. Pariwisata yang bertanggung jawab, di sisi lain, terutama berkaitan dengan cara individu berinteraksi dengan tujuan yang mereka kunjungi dan fokusnya umumnya pada orang yang membuat perubahan perilaku.

Mengapa sustainable tourism ini penting?

Konsep pariwisata berkelanjutan sangat penting karena selain pariwisata itu dapat menghasilkan manfaat ekonomi bagi daerah setempat dan menyediakan lapangan kerja bagi mereka yang berada di industri, hal itu juga dapat memiliki konsekuensi negatif, termasuk penggunaan sumber daya yang berlebihan, pemindahan satwa liar, dan kerusakan budaya lokal, sambil berkontribusi pada emisi gas rumah kaca. Karena pariwisata diperkirakan akan terus tumbuh di tahun-tahun mendatang, kebiasaan pariwisata saat ini akan menjadi tidak berkelanjutan, karena akan menjadi lebih merugikan lingkungan, masyarakat lokal, dan sumber daya alam bumi. Hal ini membuat pariwisata berkelanjutan penting untuk kelangsungan jangka panjang industri pariwisata secara keseluruhan.

Dengan memprioritaskan pariwisata berkelanjutan, pemerintah, perusahaan perjalanan, maskapai penerbangan, hotel, restoran, dan pelancong semuanya dapat membantu memastikan pariwisata masih memungkinkan di tahun-tahun mendatang. Ketika langkah-langkah diambil untuk memberikan manfaat bagi penduduk setempat dan meminimalkan kerugian yang disebabkan oleh pariwisata, itu menjadi kekuatan untuk kebaikan di dunia.

• Andy, Hannif. 2020. Upaya Pembangunan Pariwisata yang Berkelanjutan. https://eticon.co.id/konsep-pariwisata-berkelanjutan/
• Making Tourism More Sustainable – A Guide for Policy Makers . UNEP and UNWTO. 2005. p.11-12
• Image Source: https://getinthering.co/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/beach-colorful-colourful-164287.jpg

Last updated : August 03, 2022 00:00

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New ITU case study maps the Moscow ‘smart city’ journey

Moscow reports experience with Key Performance Indicators for Smart Sustainable Cities

A new ITU case study offers an evaluation of Moscow’s progress in meeting the objectives of its ‘smart city’ strategies and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The case study ,  Implementing ITU-T International Standards to Shape Smart Sustainable Cities: The Case of Moscow , was undertaken using the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for Smart Sustainable Cities developed by the  United for Smart Sustainable Cities (U4SSC) initiativ e .

The ITU case study traces Moscow’s smart city journey from its origins in Moscow’s  Information City  strategy launched in 2011 to its successor the  Smart Moscow 2030  strategy. It highlights the role of Moscow’s Government in coordinating the implementation of a wide array of smart city projects in the city and how these projects have substantially improved the quality of life for city residents. The report assesses Moscow’s smart city performance using U4SSC indicators that measure impact on three dimensions: the economy, environment and society & culture.

Information and communication technology (ICT) is a recognized key contributor to the Moscow economy. Building on its strengths and maintaining ICTs as a strategic lever, Moscow has adopted vibrant policies for ICT development and proliferation. These aspects are clearly reflected in the good performance by Moscow, as presented in the report, within the sub-dimensions of “ICT” and “Productivity”.

The case study also serves as a valuable reference point to other cities in Russia and Commonwealth of Independent State countries – as well as to cities around the world pursuing greater efficiency and sustainability. ITU standardization experts responsible for the refinement of the Key Performance Indicators will also find the case study to be valuable.

RELATED: Dubai reports results from implementing ITU’s Key Performance Indicators for Smart Sustainable Cities

“Home to more than 12 million people, Moscow is the largest urban area on the European continent,” said ITU Secretary-General Houlin Zhao. “Considering the size of Moscow and its population, this case study offers a unique set of lessons learned for other cities around the world developing a ‘smart city’ strategy. I commend Moscow’s leaders for their efforts to share these experiences and this knowledge with the international community, towards creating a ‘smart’ world for everyone, everywhere.”

“Moscow has made a rapid smart city journey from 2011 and we are keen on keeping up with the pace. No matter whether it is Moscow, Singapore or Barcelona – every city has the same task to make their residents’ lives enjoyable, safe and comfortable,” said Strategy and Innovations Advisor to the Chief Information Officer of Moscow, Andrey Belozerov. “We are happy to contribute to this research as it is important to develop universal metrics to access city performances all around the world.”

The findings of the case study will feed into the work of ITU’s Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)  Study Group 20 , the expert group leading the development of ITU standards for the Internet of Things and smart cities. These standards assist in optimizing the application of ICTs within smart cities, in addition to supporting efficient data processing and management.

RELATED: New ITU case study shares insight into Singapore’s ‘Smart Nation’ strategy

The findings will also be taken up by the U4SSC initiative, which advocates for public policy to ensure that ICTs, and ICT standards in particular, play a definitive role in the transition to Smart Sustainable Cities. U4SSC also promotes the adoption of international standards in reaching the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the reporting of associated experiences.

The Moscow case study follows prior smart city case studies of Dubai and Singapore. These have made valuable smart cities experiences and knowledge available to other cities around the world. This reporting also solicits feedback that helps cities to refine their smart city strategies.

U4SSC has developed a  ‘Collection methodology for the Key Performance Indicators for Smart Sustainable Cities’  to guide cities in their collection of core data and information necessary to assess  their progress in becoming a Smart Sustainable City. It is supported by 16 United Nations bodies, including ITU, and is open to the participation of all stakeholders interested in driving smart city innovation.

The collaboration encouraged by U4SSC has led more than 50 cities to measure their smart city strategies using the U4SSC’s KPIs for Smart Sustainable Cities, which are based on the ITU international standard,  ITU Y.4903/L.1603 “Key Performance Indicators for Smart Sustainable Cities to assess the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals” .

This ITU News story was originally distributed as an ITU press release. For more ITU press releases, see the  ITU Media Centre . 

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