air travel hub

• TODAY’S TOP FARES
• WEEKEND DEALS
• SEARCH FARES FROM A CITY
• SEARCH FARES TO A CITY
• SEE CHEAPEST MONTH TO FLY
• SEARCH & COMPARE FLIGHT DEALS
• SET UP FARE PRICE ALERTS
• ALL AIRLINE DEALS
• ALASKA DEALS
• AMERICAN AIRLINE DEALS
• DELTA DEALS
• JETBLUE DEALS
• SOUTHWEST DEALS
• UNITED DEALS
• ALASKA AIRLINES
• ALLEGIANT AIR
• AMERICAN AIRLINES
• DELTA AIRLINES
• FRONTIER AIRLINES
• HAWAIIAN AIRLINES
• SOUTHWEST AIRLINES
• SPIRIT AIRLINES
• SUN COUNTRY AIRLINES
• UNITED AIRLINES
• AIRLINE BAGGAGE FEES
• AIRLINE CODES GUIDE
• SEE ALL BLOG POSTS
• RECENT FARE SALES
• TRAVEL TIPS & ADVICE
• TRAVEL GEAR
• SEE MY ALERTS
• MY ALERTS Get Money-Saving Alerts Sign Into Your Account Get Alerts By proceeding, you agree to our Privacy and Cookies Statement and Terms of Use Or Sign In
• SEARCH HOTEL DEALS BY DESTINATION
• SEARCH FAVORITE HOTEL BRANDS
• SET UP ALERTS

Airline Hub Guide: Which U.S. Cities Are Major Hubs and Why it Matters

See recent posts by Ricky Radka

The favored model of the American airline industry since its deregulation in 1978, airport hubs have formed the backbone of the country’s present-day aviation network and marketplace. Nowadays these hub-and-spoke systems have become ubiquitous in the U.S. travel sphere, replacing most previous point-to-point models offered by airlines.

By providing greater efficiency and profitability, the hub system seems here to stay, so lets took a look at how this transportation model can benefit both the airline and the passengers they carry.

Why Hubs Matter for Passengers

In a perfect world, every flight would be nonstop, and you'd be jetting off to your destination without any extended connection times or roundabout routings. But in that perfect world, your airfare would likely cost triple.

So why do hubs matter for passengers? The almighty dollar. If airlines can reduce costs by running an efficient hub-and-spoke system, they can, in theory , pass along the savings to the customer. While airport connections aren’t always ideal, hubs allow for carriers to provide more extensive route networks, streamlined operations, and lower fares.

And those low fares come in several forms.

Some of the best-unadvertised savings in the entire aviation marketplace come in the form of hub attacks by competing airlines. These fare wars often instigated by rival carriers trying to undercut prices on select routes from a competitor hub airport, sometimes to the tune of hundreds of dollars.

As an example, Delta might try to drum up sales in a market such as Houston (IAH) that are traditionally dominated by United Airlines by listing fares to destinations in say, Europe or Hawaii, for half the going price. By instigating a fare war, Delta can cut into United’s hub profits and sway customers who are generally handcuffed to United’s monopolized airfares to try their product instead.

These so-called fare wars often escalate quickly with multiple airlines getting in on the action targeting rivals’ hometown hubs across the country. By knowing which hub is nearest to you and which airlines tend to undercut prices when a fare war kicks up might be key in grabbing a rock-bottom fare during one of these short-lived unadvertised sales and save big.

Why Hubs Matter for Airlines

Consolidated route networks play a big part in how airlines can shed overhead on their overall operational costs. Hubs allow airlines to funnel feeder flights with lower passenger volumes through strategically placed airports without having to allot larger aircraft on less popular city-to-city pairings. Thus, adjusting for the total number of travelers on routes and reducing empty seats – the bane of every carrier’s bottom line.

For example, instead of offering a nonstop point-to-point option between two smaller cities like Des Moines (DSM) and Dayton (DAY) that would more than likely fly half empty, these two markets connect through a midway hub like Detroit (DTW) or Chicago (ORD) . This allows the airline to better utilize its aircraft and corral passengers between the two points at a profitable schedule while reducing its risk of low passenger loads.

Hubs also provide airlines with a centralized work base for employees, allow for more timely mechanical fixes, and provide additional options for aircraft swaps or adjustments, all of which significantly reduce operating costs compared to a point-to-point system.

Related: The Best and Worst Airlines for 2021

A List of Airport Hubs Across America

The following is a list of major U.S.-based carriers and the location of their airport hubs cities.

(Red dots indicate hubs – Yellow for focus cities)

Alaska airlines.

Focused on West Coast markets, Alaska Airlines operates five hubs with its primary hub and headquarters located at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport (SEA). Focus cities of San Diego (SAN) and San Jose (SJC) round out the carrier’s prodigious Pacific Coast presence.

• Seattle/Tacoma (SEA) – Primary Hub
• Anchorage (ANC)
• Los Angeles (LAX)
• Portland (PDX)
• San Francisco (SFO)

Focus Cities

• San Diego (SAN)
• San Jose (SJC)

American Airlines

As the world's largest airline, American routes its nearly 200,000,000+ annual passengers through its ten major U.S. hubs. Following its merger with US Airways in 2013, American added Phoenix (PHX), Philadelphia (PHL), Washington DC (DCA), and Charlotte (CLT) to its roster of hub airports. While unofficial, Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) is considered the airline’s primary hub and home to the company’s global headquarters.

• Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) – Primary Hub
• Charlotte (CLT)
• Chicago–O’Hare (ORD)
• Miami (MIA)
• New York–Kennedy (JFK)
• New York–LaGuardia (LGA)
• Philadelphia (PHL)
• Phoenix (PHX)
• Washington DC–National (DCA)

Related: American Airlines 777-300ER Business Class Review

Delta Air Lines

Considered to be the first mega-hub in America, Atlanta’s Hartsfield–Jackson International Airport (ATL) is also the world’s busiest and the primary hub for hometown Delta Air Lines. After finalizing its merger with Northwest Airlines in 2010, Delta inherited hubs at Minneapolis (MSP) and Detroit (DTW) and upgraded its presence in Boston (SEA) in 2019 bringing its total hub count to nine.

• Atlanta (ATL) - Primary Hub
• Boston (BOS)
• Detroit (DTW)
• Minneapolis/Saint Paul (MSP)
• Salt Lake City (SLC)
• Seattle/Tacoma (SEA)
• Raleigh/Durham (RDU)

United Airlines

Chicago-based United Airlines operates a total of seven hubs in the States, including its prime base at hometown O'Hare (ORD) airport. Its merger with Continental Airlines in 2010 has resulted in the addition of Newark (EWR) and Houston-Intercontinental (IAH) to its roster of hub airports. Cleveland Hopkins International (CLE) a former Continental hub has been disbanded by United in favor of increased service at other regional airports.

• Chicago–O’Hare (ORD) - Primary Hub
• Denver (DEN)
• Houston–Intercontinental (IAH)
• Newark (EWR)
• Washington DC–Dulles (IAD)

Related: The 15 Most Exciting New Airline Routes for 2022

Hawaiian Airlines

Honolulu-based Hawaiian Airlines operates two hubs in the 50 th state – its headquarters at Daniel K. Inouye/Honolulu International Airport (HNL) and its secondary outpost on the island of Maui at Kahului Airport (OGG). Kona International Airport (KOA) and Lihue Airport (LIH) serve as focus cities for the airline.

• Honolulu–Oahu (HNL) - Primary Hub
• Kahului–Maui (OGG)
• Kona–Big Island (KOA)
• Lihue–Kauai (LIH)

Frontier Airlines forgoes maintaining multiple hubs across its network and relies on a patchwork of focus cities to connect its low-cost customers to their destinations. The budget carrier supports a solitary hub at Denver International Airport (DEN) of which most of its West Coast connections route through. On East Coast operations, Frontier tends to lean toward a point-to-point model but often routes passengers through one of its nine focus airports.

• Denver (DEN) – Operating Base
• Atlanta (ATL)
• Cleveland (CLE)
• Las Vegas (LAS)
• Orlando (MCO)
• Tampa (TPA)
• Trenton (TTN)

Related: Is Frontier’s New High Cost Airport Fee a Scam?

Sun Country Airlines

Ultra low-cost carrier Sun Country’s route network is primarily connected through its sole hub at Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport (MSP). Over the last several years the airline has rapidly expanded its route network outside the confines of its Minnesota hub by adding focus airports at Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) and Las Vegas (LAS).

• Minneapolis/Saint Paul (MSP) – Primary Hub
• Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW)

Related: How to Find the Cheapest Flight for Your Next Trip

Airlines With Operating Bases and Focus Cities Instead of Hubs

Not all airlines rely on the hub-and-spoke system; many provide point-to-point networks to route passengers on strategically chosen flight paths to compete with legacy carriers.

New York-based JetBlue prefers to maintain a single operating base at New York's John F. Kennedy Airport (JFK) instead of proclaiming a primary hub. The airline's low-cost model is heavily reliant on nonstop point-to-point offerings rather than funneling its passenger through the more common hub system. With focus airports in five other cities like Boston (BOS), Orlando (MCO), Ft. Lauderdale (FLL), Long Beach (LGB), and San Juan (SJU), JetBlue’s network leans heavy on East Coast air traffic.

• New York-Kennedy (JFK) – Operating Base
• Fort Lauderdale (FLL)
• Long Beach (LGB)
• San Juan (SJU)

Southwest Airlines

The anti-establishment answer to the hub-and-spoke system, Southwest has made its mark as the top airline to favor a point-to-point delivery for its passengers. As the largest domestic carrier in the United States, Southwest prefers to assign its important airports as operating bases. The airline currently lists 11 airports as operating bases. Southwest's recent expansion to Hawaii has given the carrier a strong presence at Honolulu International Airport (HNL), but the airline has yet to designate it a focus city or operating base.

(Only airports designated as operating bases shown)

• Baltimore (BWI)
• Chicago–Midway (MDW)
• Dallas–Love Field (DAL)
• Houston–Hobby (HOU)
• Los Angles (LAX)
• Oakland (OAK)

Related: What You Should Know Before Flying Spirit Airlines

Spirit Airlines

Ultra-low-cost carrier Spirit Airlines skips doling out the term hub to its busiest airports in favor of labeling them operating bases. The no-frills airline connects some itineraries through one of its seven nationwide stations but for the most part, relies on single leg city-to-city service to deliver passengers to their destinations.

• Atlantic City (ACY)

Featured image by Nazarkru / shutterstock.com

More stories you'll love, jetblue's big winter sale—ends tomorrow, 10 things not to wear on a plane, how not to embarrass yourself in the tsa line, the 8 most important travel tips for couples, trending stories, 7 best wireless headphones for 2021, the best cyber monday flight deals 2021, the best black friday flight deals 2021, today's top stories.

$99 First-Class Ticket Sale on Breeze Airways

6 Travel Predictions for 2022

• Terms of Use
• Update Preferences
• Privacy and Cookies Statement
• Cookie Policy
• Cookie Consent

Airline Hubs: Bases Of Operations

Explore Today's Deals

Airline Hub Locations

Read our Trust & Transparency Statement Key Topics:

• American Airlines
• United Airlines
• Delta Airlines
• JetBlue Airways
• Alaska Airlines

Hawaiian Airlines

Spirit airlines, frontier airlines, british airways, cathay pacific, faq: airline hub locations.

As an aviation buff and frequent flyer, I've come to appreciate the intricacies of airline operations, and how they use specific airports as gateways (known as hubs) to connect multiple destinations to a central point. An airline hub is essentially the heart of an airline's geographic zone, where they funnel passengers onto connecting flights, ensuring we reach our intended destinations as smoothly as possible.

Like many frequent flyers, I often find myself navigating the hub-and-spoke system , a model that airlines use to streamline their operations. Hubs serve as central points where flights from different origins converge, allowing for easy transfers to a wide array of destinations. It’s efficient for the airlines, if not necessarily for passengers who must make a flight connection.

Most airlines have more than one hub, strategically located at some of the world’s busiest airports. These hubs aren't just passenger transfer points; they're also crucial for cargo operations, with many doubling as major freight centers. I’ve found that having a good understanding of these hubs (and where the airlines have them located) can make a significant difference in planning and enjoying my travels.

Ever wondered where major US airlines call home? This insightful video dives into the main hubs of American, Delta, United, and more, revealing the strategic bases where they station their crews and maintain their fleets. I found it fascinating to learn about the unique operational models of each airline, especially how Southwest Airlines breaks the mold with its point-to-point routes. If you're an aviation enthusiast or just curious about where your next flight might be coming from, this video is a must-watch. Click play to explore the bustling hubs and home bases of America's top carriers!

When I’m on a flight, I used to have a habit of checking out the airline route maps in the in-flight magazines (if you can find those anymore!). These maps are interesting to identify all the places you can fly from. So to dive into things deeper, below is a list of some major US and international carriers and their main hubs.

  American Airlines

American Airlines , one of the largest airlines in the world, has its main base at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport in Texas. This hub is the epicenter of American's operations, and I’ve passed through it countless times. It’s incredibly convenient for connecting to a vast array of domestic and international destinations.

American Airlines operates from several major hubs, and I’ve had the pleasure of flying through most of them:

• New York LaGuardia Airport (LGA)
• New York John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK)
• Philadelphia International Airport (PHL)
• Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT)
• Miami International Airport (MIA)
• Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD)
• Dallas-Ft. Worth International Airport (DFW)
• Los Angeles International Airport (LAX)

 United Airlines

United Airlines operates an impressive network of hubs across the United States. I’ve flown through many of them, and each has its own distinct vibe. The largest hubs, in Denver, Chicago, Newark, and Houston, are especially important for connecting flights.

United's key hubs include:

• Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR)
• Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD)
• Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH)
• Denver International Airport (DEN)
• San Francisco International Airport (SFO)

 Delta Airlines

Delta Airlines has one of the largest hubs in the world at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL). This is Delta’s main operational base, and as someone who frequently flies with Delta, I’ve gotten to know this hub quite well. Whether I’m heading out on a domestic trip or flying internationally, ATL is usually my starting point.

Delta also operates out of several other hubs, each with its own strengths:

• Salt Lake City (SLC)
• Atlanta (ATL)
• Minneapolis (MSP)
• Detroit (DTW)
• Boston Logan (BOS)
• New York (JFK)
• Los Angeles (LAX)

 JetBlue Airways

JetBlue Airways ’ primary hub is at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in New York City. I love flying with JetBlue, especially because their hubs are conveniently located for East Coast travel. JFK is the central hub, but JetBlue’s reach extends far beyond.

JetBlue operates from the following major hubs:

• Boston Logan International Airport (BOS)
• Orlando International Airport (MCO)
• Ft. Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport (FLL)
• Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport (SJU)
• Long Beach Airport (LGB)

 Air Canada

Air Canada , as Canada's largest airline, operates its primary hub out of Pearson International Airport in Toronto. I’ve flown with Air Canada several times, and their hubs are well-positioned to connect travelers across Canada and beyond.

Air Canada's hubs include:

• Vancouver International Airport (YVR)
• Calgary International Airport (YYC)
• Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ)
• Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport (YUL)

 Alaska Airlines

Alaska Airlines has a strong presence on the West Coast, and I’ve found their hubs to be incredibly convenient for regional travel. Whether you’re heading to the Pacific Northwest or beyond, Alaska’s hubs make it easy to get where you need to go.

Alaska Airlines' primary hubs are:

• Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC)
• Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA)
• Portland International Airport (PDX)

Alaska Airlines also operates hubs at:

Hawaiian Airlines operates primarily from its hub at Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu, Hawaii. This hub is essential for connecting travelers to and from the Hawaiian Islands, as well as to key destinations across the Pacific.

Spirit Airlines , known for its ultra-low-cost model, operates from several hubs across the United States. While Spirit's hubs aren't as extensive as those of the major carriers, they are strategically located to maximize coverage across key regions.

Spirit's primary hubs include:

• Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport (FLL)
• Detroit Metropolitan Airport (DTW)
• McCarran International Airport, Las Vegas (LAS)
• Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW)
• Atlantic City International Airport (ACY)

Frontier Airlines , another ultra-low-cost carrier, has a network of hubs that allow it to offer affordable flights to a wide range of destinations, particularly across the United States.

Frontier's main hubs include:

• Las Vegas Harry Reid International Airport (LAS)

British Airways , one of the world's leading airlines, operates from its primary hub at London Heathrow Airport. This hub is crucial for BA's extensive network of international flights, connecting the UK to destinations around the globe.

British Airways operates primarily from the following hubs:

• London Heathrow Airport (LHR)
• London Gatwick Airport (LGW)
• London City Airport (LCY)

Lufthansa , Germany's largest airline and one of the most recognized names in aviation, operates from several major hubs across Europe. These hubs are key to Lufthansa’s extensive international and domestic network.

Lufthansa’s main hubs include:

• Frankfurt Airport (FRA)
• Munich Airport (MUC)
• Vienna International Airport (VIE) - via Austrian Airlines
• Zurich Airport (ZRH) - via Swiss International Air Lines

Emirates , based in Dubai, operates one of the largest and most advanced hubs in the world. Dubai International Airport serves as a critical connecting point for travelers flying between Europe, Asia, Africa, and beyond.

Emirates' primary hub:

• Dubai International Airport (DXB)

Cathay Pacific , Hong Kong’s flagship carrier, operates from its hub at Hong Kong International Airport. This hub is pivotal for Cathay’s extensive network, particularly across Asia and to destinations worldwide.

Cathay Pacific's primary hub:

• Hong Kong International Airport (HKG)

Air France , the national carrier of France, operates from several hubs in France, with its main hub at Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris. These hubs are essential for Air France’s operations, connecting France to destinations across the globe.

Air France's hubs include:

• Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG)
• Paris Orly Airport (ORY)

EasyJet , one of Europe’s leading low-cost carriers, operates from a network of hubs across Europe. These hubs enable EasyJet to offer affordable flights to a wide range of destinations.

EasyJet's main hubs include:

• London Luton Airport (LTN)
• Milan Malpensa Airport (MXP)
• Geneva Airport (GVA)

Ryanair , Europe’s largest low-cost carrier, operates from a vast network of hubs across the continent. These hubs support Ryanair’s extensive operations, connecting hundreds of destinations.

Ryanair's main hubs include:

• Dublin Airport (DUB)
• London Stansted Airport (STN)
• Milan Bergamo Airport (BGY)
• Madrid Barajas Airport (MAD)
• Frankfurt Hahn Airport (HHN)

READ MORE: Info & help on specific airports

Find more help here for your journey through the airport

Advertiser Disclosure

Many of the credit card offers that appear on this site are from credit card companies from which we receive financial compensation. This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site (including, for example, the order in which they appear). However, the credit card information that we publish has been written and evaluated by experts who know these products inside out. We only recommend products we either use ourselves or endorse. This site does not include all credit card companies or all available credit card offers that are on the market.  See our advertising policy here where we list advertisers that we work with, and how we make money. You can also review our  credit card rating methodology .

The Ultimate Guide to Airline Hubs Globally [115+ Airlines]

Former Senior Content Contributor

483 Published Articles

Countries Visited: 24 U.S. States Visited: 22

Keri Stooksbury

Editor-in-Chief

41 Published Articles 3357 Edited Articles

Countries Visited: 50 U.S. States Visited: 28

Director of Operations & Compliance

6 Published Articles 1199 Edited Articles

Countries Visited: 10 U.S. States Visited: 20

Table of Contents

What is an airline hub, what is a focus city, why should i care about airline hubs, the airline hubs for the top 115+ major airlines, final thoughts.

We may be compensated when you click on product links, such as credit cards, from one or more of our advertising partners. Terms apply to the offers below. See our  Advertising Policy for more about our partners, how we make money, and our rating methodology. Opinions and recommendations are ours alone.

Commercial aviation is one of the world’s most fascinating sectors. As a subset of leisure, tourism, and logistics industries, airlines have never been more crucial than today. The great COVID-19 outbreak of 2019-2022 has more or less brought the world to its knees in dramatic fashion.

A global pandemic has translated into economic seizures, especially due to the massive reduction in travel and therefore aviation. Despite aviation being a low-margin business due to the volatility of oil, high CapEx, and several different factors, it is still one of the most important businesses in the world.

When an airline is formed, they’ll usually designate a specific city from which its operational tendrils form a web. Hubs have become pervasive throughout aviation. Simply put, it’s much easier to strive for operational optimization if you only have to worry about 1 core city through which you operate flights.

In this guide, we’ll investigate what an airline hub is, why it’s important, and then break all of the major airlines down into their hub cities. Let’s get started.

According to strategic aviation consultant Stephen Holloway , “An airline hub may be defined as an airport that receives many passengers or as an airport that serves as an operating base of an airline, whether or not the airline allows for connecting traffic.”

The easiest way to describe a hub for a given airline is to attribute the amount of traffic as a percentage of its total traffic. Alternatively, you can also calculate the percentage of flights operated by a particular airline in a specific airport.

There are 2 main operating strategies for airlines:

• Airlines like Qantas, Emirates, Etihad, Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines, and EL AL are some of the best examples of hub and spoke airlines.
• Airlines like Southwest, Hainan Airlines, Ryanair, and easyJet are some of the best examples of point-to-point airlines

Generally, smaller planes are used on point-to-point routes due to the lower demand relative to massive hub-and-spoke routes. For example, a point-to-point Hainan Airlines flight from New York City (JFK) to Chengdu (CTU) is operated using a 787-9, and Air China operates a hub-and-spoke route from New York City (JFK) to Beijing (PEK) using a 747-8, which can hold more passengers.

To visualize, check out Etihad’s route network:

Most of Etihad’s flights go through Abu Dhabi. This is consistent with the hub-and-spoke philosophy, which is capable of funneling travelers across the world via its hub in Abu Dhabi.

On the flip-side, let’s look at Hainan Airlines’ international route network below:

As you can tell, Hainan Airlines operates several different flights and covers a lot of area with its point-to-point network. That means customers can fly on lesser-known routes like from New York City (JFK) to Chongqing (CKG) without having to inconveniently stop in Beijing (PEK) or Shanghai (PVG).

Bottom Line: An airline hub is advantageous because air transportation can be consolidated into 1 destination, which allows for a greater scale. If an airline can fill larger aircraft easily, it will realize significant cost savings. However, with technological advances from fuel-efficient aircraft and a greater appetite for convenient nonstop flights in the point-to-point model, the hub-and-spoke model is quickly losing favor. 

We discussed what hub airports are in the above section, so let’s briefly touch on focus cities. According to the Encyclopedia of Transportation: Social Science and Policy , focus cities are defined as a “ destination from which an airline operates limited point-to-point routes .”

By extension, a focus city appeals to the “local” instead of connecting markets much more than a hub city.

Airline hubs are crucial for numerous things. Since Upgraded Points has always been focused on points and premium cabin travel, we’ll be talking about airline hubs as they relate to these topics.

Knowing which hubs exist for a particular airline will be extremely important in crafting an award itinerary. After all, how can you plan a Cathay Pacific first class award flight without first knowing that Cathay Pacific’s hub is Hong Kong (HKG)?

The other, less obvious reasons why you should care about airline hubs may be as follows:

• Hub-and-spoke routes can sometimes have the most award availability. Sometimes, it’s the other way around, where the airline’s ultra-premium routes have sufficient revenue demand, thereby drying up award availability.
• Figuring out where airline hubs are can help you plan a journey with as little time wasted possible actually going through airports and in the air.
• Airline hubs offer the most operational flexibility. Because most of their flights go through hubs, you can then plan a connecting flight with a convenient schedule.
• One of the best examples of this would be comparing an itinerary on Delta nonstop from Los Angeles (LAX) to Paris (CDG). Award availability will be rare/expensive, but if you choose to go from Los Angeles (LAX) to Salt Lake City (SLC) and then to Paris (CDG), you’ll find huge award availability.
• One other example would be comparing an itinerary on American Airlines nonstop from Los Angeles (LAX) to Hong Kong (HKG). Award availability will be nearly impossible to find, but if you start your search in Phoenix (PHX) or San Diego (SAN) and go through Los Angeles (LAX) and then finally to Hong Kong (HKG), you’ll see a ton of award availability that isn’t bookable with the nonstop option. This is known as married segment availability .

Now that we’ve demonstrated why you should care about figuring out key airline hubs globally as well as their associated airlines, let’s get into our list of the top airlines in the world and discuss where they hold hub operations.

All of these images and maps were provided via searches on Great Circle Mapper , so keep that in mind. Additionally, all airline hubs are shown as red dots, while all airline focus cities are shown as blue dots .

The organization of these airlines hereafter is in alphabetical order.

Aegean Airlines Hubs

Aegean Airlines is the flag carrier of Greece. This Star Alliance airline maintains an operational strategy and focus of mostly regional flights. Unfortunately, Aegean Airlines doesn’t operate any flights to/from the U.S. This isn’t terribly surprising, as the country as a whole is still recovering from a historic sovereign debt crisis.

Aegean Airlines maintains airport hubs in:

• Athens (ATH)*
• Larnaca (LCA)
• Macedonia (SKP)

Aegean Airlines maintains focus cities in:

• Chania (CHQ)
• Heraklion (HER)
• Kalamata (KLX)
• Rhodes (RHO)

* Airline headquarters

Aer Lingus Hubs

Aer Lingus is the flag carrier of Ireland. One interesting fact about Aer Lingus is that it’s not the largest airline in Ireland. That honor goes to the famous ultra-low-cost carrier Ryanair. Aer Lingus was a state-owned airline, and through several corporate actions, it is now owned by IAG, which is the parent company that owns British Airways.

Aer Lingus has a strong long-haul presence, using A330, A350, or even A321XLR aircraft for its flights. Aer Lingus has many nonstop flights from the U.S. , but its airport hub is:

• Dublin (DUB)*

Additionally, Aer Lingus has 2 focus cities:

• Shannon (SNN)

Aeroflot Hubs

Aeroflot is the state-owned flag carrier of Russia. If you’re thinking of flying to Russia, you’re probably going to end up flying on Aeroflot, one of the world’s oldest airlines. This SkyTeam partner maintains 1 sole hub:

• Moscow-Sheremetyevo (SVO)*

Aerolíneas Argentinas Hubs

Aerolíneas Argentinas is the flag carrier of Argentina. It’s also the largest airline in Argentina. This SkyTeam partner has 2 hub airports, both in the capital city:

• Buenos Aires-Aeroparque (AEP)*
• Buenos Aires-Ministro (EZE)

Additionally, Aerolíneas Argentinas has focus cities in:

• Córdoba (COR)
• Santa Fe (ROS)

Aeromexico Hubs

Aeromexico is the flag carrier of Mexico. This SkyTeam partner has wide-ranging airline operations. Its flight range from simple, domestic short-haul flights to ultra-long-haul flights to Asia.

Currently, Aeromexico has 1 hub airport:

• Mexico City (MEX)*

Additionally, Aeromexico maintains 2 focus cities:

• Guadalajara (GDL)
• Monterrey (MTY)

AirAsia Hubs

AirAsia is a low-cost carrier with operations all around Asia. Their focus is on Southeast Asia operations. As such, its hub airport is:

• Kuala Lumpur (KUL)*

AirAsia also has several focus cities:

• Kota Kinabalu (KBI)
• Kuching (KCH)
• Penang (PEN)
• Senai (JHB)

Air Astana Hubs

Air Astana is the flag carrier of Kazakhstan. It also happens to be a state-owned enterprise, which is majority-owned by the Kazakh Sovereign Wealth Fund. Air Astana doesn’t belong to an airline alliance, but it maintains numerous code-shares with Asian and European airlines such as Lufthansa and Asiana Airlines, respectively.

Air Astana has 2 hub airports:

• Almaty (ALA)*
• Nur-Sultan (TSE)

Air Canada Hubs

Air Canada is one of the largest airlines in the world. With a respectable fleet size of 189, excluding subsidiaries, and 222 destinations globally, Air Canada can leverage its vast reach across many countries.

Chiefly, Air Canada maintains hubs in familiar airports:

• Calgary (YYC)
• Montréal (YUL)*
• Toronto (YYZ)
• Vancouver (YVR)

Furthermore, Air Canada has these focus cities operating some point-to-point routes:

• Halifax (YHZ)
• Québec City/Ottawa (YOW)
• St. John’s, Newfoundland (YYT)

Air China Hubs

Air China is the flag carrier of China and is also one of many state-owned airlines in China. Most known for being a Star Alliance airline and one of the largest airlines in the world, Air China’s route network is deep.

When you consider the large area of China, you’ll see why there are numerous hubs and focus cities. Air China has these hub airports:

• Beijing (PEK)*
• Beijing-Daxing (PKX)
• Chengdu (CTU)
• Shanghai (PVG)

Air China has these focus cities:

• Chongqing (CKG)
• Hangzhou (HGH)
• Hohhot (HET)
• Shenzhen (SZX)
• Tianjin (TSN)
• Wuhan (WUH)

Air Dolomiti Hubs

Air Dolomiti is a unique airline. This airline has its headquarters in Verona, Italy. However, the airline operates out of Munich (MUC) as its sole operating base and hub.

Air Europa Hubs

Air Europa is the third-largest Spanish airline after Iberia and Vueling. This SkyTeam airline uniquely operates a few U.S. flights using long-haul aircraft.

Air Europa maintains its hub airport at:

• Madrid (MAD)

It also maintains 2 focus cities:

• Palma de Mallorca (PMI)*
• Tenerife (TFS)

Air France Hubs

Air France is one of the largest airlines in the world, and certainly one of the largest SkyTeam airlines out there. With its crucial role connecting France to the rest of the world, Air France understandably has lots of focus cities.

Air France has 2 hub airports, both in Paris:

• Paris-Charles de Gaulle (CDG)*
• Paris-Orly (ORY)

Air France has 5 focus cities:

• Bordeaux (BOD)
• Marseille (MRS)
• Toulouse (TLS)

Air India Hubs

Air India is the financially distressed flag carrier and state-owned enterprise airline of India. This Star Alliance carrier maintains hub airports at:

• Mumbai (BOM)
• New Delhi (DEL)*

Also, Air India maintains focus cities around the country:

• Ahmedabad (AMD)
• Bangalore (BLR)
• Chennai (MAA)
• Cochin (COK)
• Kolkata (CCU)
• Trivandrum (TRV)

Air Macau Hubs

Air Macau is one of the major airlines connecting the Special Administrative Region (SAR) of Macau to the rest of the world. This market is fulfilled primarily by Chinese tourism, though Air Macau operates flights to many destinations.

Owned by Air China, Air Macau operates flights solely from its hub airport in Macau:

• Macau (MFM)*

Air Malta Hubs

Air Malta connects the rest of the world to Malta, a small island republic located south of Italy in the Mediterranean Sea. Air Malta has its sole airline hub at:

• Malta (MLA)*

Air Mauritius Hubs

Known for perfect beaches, picturesque Mauritius is connected by its flag carrier, Air Mauritius. Located off the coast of East Africa, further out than Madagascar, Mauritius maintains 1 airline hub:

• Mauritius (MRU)*

Air New Zealand Hubs

Air New Zealand is the most important Star Alliance partner in Oceania. This airline is the flag carrier of New Zealand and operates flights from its hub airports:

• Auckland (AKL)*
• Christchurch (CHC)
• Wellington (WLG)

Additionally, Air New Zealand as 2 focus cities outside of New Zealand:

• Los Angeles (LAX)
• Sydney (SYD)

Air Serbia Hubs

Air Serbia is the flag carrier of the eastern European country Serbia. This airline isn’t in a specific alliance, though it uses Etihad’s frequent flyer program, Etihad Guest.

Believe it or not, Air Serbia  does operate flights from the U.S. to Serbia, and these flights are through New York City (JFK). Nevertheless, Air Serbia’s hub is located in:

• Belgrade (BEG)*

Additionally, Air Serbia has a focus city in:

Air Tahiti Nui Hubs

Air Tahiti Nui is one of the most famous airlines in the points community. You may be shocked to find that Air Tahiti Nui operates a whopping fleet size of 4 aircraft.

Air Tahiti Nui recently operated the longest ever domestic flight from Tahiti to Paris, which was done due to COVID-19.

These are all Boeing 787-9 aircraft, and they all fly from Air Tahiti Nui’s hub airport:

• Pape’ete (PPT)*

Air Transat Hubs

Air Transat is a Canadian airline, and it’s currently in the process of being bought out by Air Canada. Being the third-largest airline in Canada, Air Transat maintains a single hub:

Air Transat maintains 3 distinct focus cities:

• Québec City (YQB)

Aircalin Hubs

Aircalin is the flag carrier of New Caledonia, a popular tourist destination famous for its amazing beaches. New Caledonia is a special French territory off the northeast coast of Australia. It is divided into 3 provinces, but its total land area of 7,000+ square miles is impressive for a small territory.

Aircalin operates flights out of its hub:

• Noumea (NOU)*

Also, Aircalin operates flights out of its focus city:

• Hihifo (WLS)

Alaska Airlines Hubs

Alaska Airlines , originally known as a low-cost carrier, has solidified itself as one of the biggest airlines in the U.S. Focusing primarily on West Coast commercial aviation, Alaska Airlines maintains several hubs:

• Anchorage (ANC)
• Portland (PDX)
• San Francisco (SFO)
• Seattle (SEA)*

Also, Alaska Airlines has its focus cities as follows:

• San Diego (SAN)
• San Jose (SJC)

Allegiant Airlines Hubs

Allegiant Air is one of the most successful low-cost carrier airlines with point-to-point operations. As you can see, Allegiant Air focuses on flights to/from Florida, as well as in the Midwest, Nevada, and Arizona.

It’s the ninth-largest commercial airline in the U.S., and its top hub airport bases include:

• Fort Myers (RSW)
• Las Vegas (LAS)*
• Orlando-Sanford (SFB)
• Phoenix-Mesa (AZA)
• St. Petersburg-Clearwater (PIE)

Allegiant Air’s major focus cities are:

• Bellingham (BLI)
• Cincinnati (CVG)
• Fort Lauderdale (FLL)
• Grand Rapids (GRR)
• Indianapolis (IND)

American Airlines Hubs

American Airlines is the largest airline in the world by numerous measures. Even though American Airlines has tons of point-to-point routes, its international departures are concentrated through its hub airports and focus cities.

This Oneworld partner airline doesn’t obviously delineate which major bases are hub airports or focus cities. However, our best stab at American Airlines’ hub airports are:

• Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW)*
• Miami (MIA)
• New York City (JFK)
• Phoenix (PHX)

We believe American Airlines’ focus cities (which are self-proclaimed hubs by American Airlines) are:

• Charlotte (CTA)
• Chicago (ORD)
• New York-LaGuardia (LGA)
• Reagan-National (DCA)

All Nippon Airways (ANA) Hubs

All Nippon Airways is the largest airline in Japan. This Star Alliance partner maintains hub airports in:

• Osaka-Itami (ITM)
• Osaka-Kansai (KIX)
• Tokyo-Haneda (HND)
• Tokyo-Narita (NRT)

Also, ANA has focus cities in:

• Fukuoka (FUK)
• Nagoya (NGO)
• Okinawa (OKA)
• Sapporo (CTS)

Airline headquarters are located in Shiodome, Minato-ku, Tokyo.

Asiana Airlines Hubs

Asiana Airlines is one of the 2 major airlines headquartered in South Korea, with the other one being Korean Air. Asiana Airlines maintains most of its international flights from 3 key airport hubs:

• Busan (PUS)
• Seoul-Gimpo (GMP)*
• Seoul-Incheon (ICN)

Asiana Airlines has 1 focus city in:

Austrian Airlines Hubs

Austrian Airlines is the flag carrier of Austria. It is also owned by Lufthansa Group — the parent company that owns Lufthansa, SWISS International Air Lines, and more.

Austrian Airlines is the main airline connecting Austria to the rest of the world. Its global hub is:

• Vienna (VIE)*

Its focus cities are:

• Innsbruck (INN)
• Salzburg (SZG)

Avianca Hubs

Avianca is the flag carrier of Colombia. Although its headquarters are in Bogotá, its reach extends much further. With hubs and focus cities scattered all over Central and northern South America, you’ll have no shortage of flight options, thanks to its numerous airline subsidiaries, such as Avianca Ecuador or Avianca Peru.

Here are Avianca’s airline hubs:

• Bogotá (BOG)*
• Quito (UIO)
• San Salvador (SAL)
• San Jose (SJO)

Here are Avianca’s focus cities:

• Guatemala City (GUA)
• San Pedro Sula (SAP)
• Managua (MGA)
• Medellín (MDE)

Azores Airlines Hubs

Azores Airlines is a Portuguese airline, formerly known as SATA. Azores Airlines operates an extremely small fleet size of 5 airplanes. Its hub airport is:

• Ponta Delgada (PDL)*

Azores Airlines’ focus city is:

• Lisbon (LIS)

Azul Brazilian Airlines Hubs

Azul Brazilian Airlines is a Brazilian airliner founded by superstar airline CEO David Neeleman (founder of JetBlue). This airline is a major player in the regional aviation scene, with hubs in:

• Belo Horizonte-Confins (CNF)
• Campinas (VCP)
• Recife (REC)

Also, Azul has numerous focus cities:

• Curitiba (CWB)
• Manaus (MAO)
• Porto Alegre (POA)
• Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont (SDU)
• Salvador (SSA)
• São Paulo-Congonhas (CGH)*
• São Paulo-Guarulhos (GRU)*

Bamboo Airways Hubs

Bamboo Airways is a Vietnamese startup airline owned by Vietnamese conglomerate FLC Group. Currently, Bamboo Airways maintains 2 hubs:

• Hanoi (HAN)*
• Ho Chi Minh City (SGN)

Bangkok Airways Hubs

Bangkok Airways is a boutique regional airline that sometimes gets confused as a low-cost carrier. This airline consistently gets rave reviews and offers amazing perks, such as lounge access on economy flights and food, even on short-haul flights.

Its hubs are:

• Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi (BKK)*
• Phuket (HKT)
• Chiang Mai (CNX)
• Krabi (KBV)
• Koh Samui (USM)

British Airways Hubs

British Airways is one of the world’s largest airlines. This Oneworld partner airline has 2 hubs in the same city:

• London-Heathrow (LHR)*
• London-Gatwick (LGW)

Additionally, British Airways maintains 1 U.S. focus city:

Brussels Airlines Hubs

Brussels Airlines is the flag carrier of Belgium and also the largest airline in that country. This relatively new airline was founded in 2006. Brussels Airlines is a subsidiary of Lufthansa Group, and it maintains 1 central hub at:

• Brussels (BRU)*

Cathay Pacific Hubs

Cathay Pacific is one of the world’s most iconic airlines. The flag carrier of Hong Kong serves tons of countries worldwide and connects international travelers to the financial capital of Asia.

A central hub airport is maintained via:

• Hong Kong (HKG)*

Also, Cathay Pacific has 1 focus city, and that is:

• Taipei-Taoyuan (TPE)

China Airlines Hubs

China Airlines, despite its moniker, does not have a formal association with China. Instead, China Airlines is the flag carrier of Taiwan, which is not currently a part of mainland China.

China Airlines operates chiefly out of its hub:

• Taipei-Taoyuan (TPE)*

Also, China Airlines operates flights to/from its focus cities:

• Hong Kong (HKG)
• Kaohsiung (KHH)
• Taipei-Songshan (TSA)

China Eastern Hubs

China Eastern is one of the largest airlines in the world and the second-largest airline in China. China Eastern is a SkyTeam alliance airline, and the airline is a state-owned enterprise with hubs in:

• Beijing-Capital (PEK)
• Kunming (KMG)
• Qingdao (TAO)
• Shanghai-Hongqiao (SHA)
• Shanghai-Pudong (PVG)*
• Xi’an (XIY)

Here are China Eastern’s focus cities (there’s a ton):

• Dalian (DLC)
• Guangzhou (CAN)
• Harbin (HRB)
• Hefei (HFE)
• Lanzhou (LHW)
• Nanchang (KHN)
• Nanjing (NKG)
• Ningbo (NGB)
• Taiyuan (TYN)
• Yantai (YNT)

China Southern Hubs

China Southern is the largest airline in China by passengers carried, surpassing China Eastern by around 28%. China Southern is, just like Air China and China Eastern, a state-owned airline that is overseen by the government.

China Southern has hubs in:

• Guangzhou (CAN)*
• Shanghai-Pudong (PVG)
• Ürümqi (URC)

Furthermore, China Southern has a ton of focus cities:

• Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi (BKK)
• Changchun (CGQ)
• Changsha (CSX)
• Guiyang (KWE)
• Haikou (HAK)
• Jieyang (SWA)
• Sanya (SYX)
• Shenyang (SHE)
• Zhengzhou (CGO)
• Zhuhai (ZUH)

Condor Hubs

Condor is a German airline that was formerly a subsidiary of Thomas Cook Group. However, Thomas Cook Group declared bankruptcy and is being sold to Polish Aviation Group, which owns LOT Polish Airlines.

Currently, Condor maintains its hub at:

• Frankfurt (FRA)*

Also, Condor has 6 focus cities:

• Düsseldorf (DUS)
• Hamburg (HAM)
• Hannover (HAJ)
• Leipzig/Halle (LEJ)
• Munich (MUC)
• Stuttgart (STR)

Copa Airlines Hubs

Copa Airlines is the flag carrier of Panama, the Central American logistics hub. Copa Airlines has 1 hub airport:

• Panama City (PTY)*

Also, it has 2 focus cities:

• Bogotá (BOG)
• San José (SJO)

Croatia Airlines Hubs

Croatia Airlines is the Star Alliance carrier mainly operating flights to/from Croatia. The airline’s hub is:

• Zagreb (ZAG)*

Croatia Airlines’ 3 focus cities are:

• Dubrovnik (DBV)
• Split (SPU)
• Zadar (ZAD)

Czech Airlines Hubs

Czech Airlines is a SkyTeam airline that doesn’t operate very many long-haul flights. Still, of its 30 destinations, you can find its sole airport hub at:

• Prague (PRG)*

Delta Air Lines Hubs

Delta Air Lines is one of the biggest carriers in the world. As the flagship member of the SkyTeam alliance, it has tons of airport hubs:

• Atlanta (ATL)*
• Boston (BOS)
• Detroit (DTW)
• Minneapolis/St. Paul (MSP)
• Salt Lake City (SLC)
• Seattle (SEA)

Also, Delta considers these 2 cities to be focus cities:

• Raleigh-Durham (RDU)

Edelweiss Air Hubs

Edelweiss Air is the Swiss leisure airline, which acts as a counterpart to SWISS International Air Lines. In fact, an analogy can be made that Edelweiss Air is to SWISS Air as Condor is to Lufthansa.

Nonetheless, it only has 1 airport hub:

• Zurich (ZRH)*

Egyptair Hubs

Egyptair is one of the 3 African Star Alliance partners, with the other 2 being Ethiopian Airlines and South African Airways. Interestingly, it was founded in 1932, which makes it one of the oldest airlines in the world.

Its sole hub airport is in:

• Cairo (CAI)*

Egyptair has 4 focus cities:

• Alexandria (HBE)
• Hurghada (HRG)
• Luxor (LXR)
• Sharm El Sheikh (SSH)

EL AL is the flag carrier of Israel. It has 1 airport hub:

• Tel Aviv (TLV)*

Emirates Hubs

Emirates is one of the world’s most famous airlines. It is a state-owned airline based in Dubai, and it’s also the largest airline in the Middle East. Here is its hub airport:

• Dubai (DXB)*

Ethiopian Airlines Hubs

Ethiopian Airlines is one of the fastest-growing African airlines in the world. This Star Alliance partner has a strategic location in its airport hub:

• Addis Ababa (ADD)*

Additionally, Ethiopian Airlines has a focus city in the capital of Togo, a West African nation:

Etihad Airways Hubs

Etihad Airways is the flag carrier of the United Arab Emirates, despite being the second-largest airline in the country. Founded in 2003, this airline is one of the quintessential airlines that make up the “Big 3.”

Here is its airport hub:

• Abu Dhabi (AUH)*

Eurowings Hubs

Eurowings is a subsidiary of Lufthansa Group, and it operates under low-cost carrier model with its hub:

Also, Eurowings has these focus cities:

• Berlin (BER)
• Cologne/Bonn (CGN)
• Nuremberg (NUE)
• Palma de Mallorca (PMI)
• Pristina (PRN)
• Salzburg (SLZ)
• Vienna (VIE)

EVA Air Hubs

EVA Air is the largest airline in Taiwan. It has its main airport hub:

It also has lots of focus cities:

• Taipei-Songshan (SHA)

Fiji Airways Hubs

Fiji Airways is the flag carrier of Fiji, and it operates most international flights out of its hub:

• Nadi (NAN)*

Also, Fiji Airways has 1 other focus city:

• Nausori (SUV)

Finnair Hubs

Finnair is the flag carrier of Finland. This Northern European country only has 1 airport hub:

• Helsinki (HEL)*

French Bee Hubs

French Bee is a low-cost European airline headquartered in France. It has 1 hub airport:

• Paris-Orly (ORY)*

Frontier Airlines Hubs

Frontier Airlines is a major low-cost carrier in the United States. It has 1 hub airport in:

• Denver (DEN)*

And it has many focus cities:

• Atlanta (ATL)
• Cleveland (CLE)
• Las Vegas (LAS)
• Orlando (MCO)
• Philadelphia (PHL)
• Trenton (TTN)

Garuda Indonesia Hubs

Garuda Indonesia is the flag carrier of Indonesia, and it is famous for offering one of the world’s best international first class products . This SkyTeam airline has hubs in:

• Bali-Denpasar (DPS)
• Balikpapan (BPN)
• Jakarta (CGK)*
• Makassar (UPG)
• Medan (KNO)
• Surabaya (SUB)

Garuda Indonesia has 3 focus cities:

• Manado (MDC)
• Palembang (PLM)
• Yogyakarta (JOG)

GOL is a Brazilian low-cost carrier and one of the largest airlines in South America. This airline has airport hubs in:

• Brasília (BSB)
• Fortaleza-Pinto Martins (FOR)
• Rio de Janeiro-Galeão (GIG)
• São Paulo-Guarulhos (GRU)
• São Paulo-Congonhas (CGH)

[/upgp-two-column-list]

Also, this airline has focus cities in tons of places:

• Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont (SDU)*
• Vitória (VIX)

Gulf Air Hubs

Gulf Air is the flag carrier of Bahrain, a small Middle Eastern country. It chiefly operates out of its hub in Muharraq:

• Bahrain (BAH)*

Hainan Airlines Hubs

Hainan Airlines is one of the world’s largest airlines. It is the largest civilian-run company in China, and it’s the fourth-largest airline in China. Hainan Airlines operates numerous point-to-point routes, as well as a solid number of hub-and-spoke routes, which provides a good mix within its network.

Hainan Airlines’ main hubs are:

• Haikou (HAK)*
• Xi’An (XIY)

Also, Hainan Airlines has focus cities in:

Hawaiian Airlines Hubs

Hawaiian Airlines is the main operator of international flights to/from Hawaii, as well as a large operator of domestic flights to/from Hawaii. It’s 2 hub airports are:

• Honolulu (HNL)*
• Kahului (OGG)

HK Express Hubs

HK Express is the low-cost carrier in Hong Kong that was recently bought out by Cathay Pacific. This airline operates exclusively out of its airport hub:

Hong Kong Airlines Hubs

Hong Kong Airlines is owned by HNA Group, the same conglomerate that owns Hainan Airlines. However, Hong Kong Airlines operates flights out of its hub in:

Iberia Hubs

Iberia is the flag carrier of Spain. This Oneworld airline is smaller in network size than expected. Still, Iberia flies planes to/from its hub in Spain:

• Madrid (MAD)*

Icelandair Hubs

Icelandair is the flag carrier of Iceland, a huge tourist destination. Icelandair maintains a strong position offering both convenient nonstop flights to Iceland, as well as affordable connecting flights to Europe via Iceland.

Specifically, Icelandair operates flights from its airport hub in the capital city of Reykjavik:

• Keflavik (KEF)*

InterJet Hubs

InterJet is a Mexican low-cost carrier, and it is the country’s third-largest airline, falling behind Aeroméxico and Volaris. InterJet’s airport hub is in:

Also, InterJet’s 3 focus cities are:

• Cancún (CUN)

Japan Airlines (JAL) Hubs

Japan Airlines is Japan’s flag carrier, despite being smaller in size than its main competitor, ANA. Its headquarters are located in Shinagawa it has hub airports in:

It also has focus cities in:

JetBlue Hubs

JetBlue is one of the world’s most famous low-cost carriers. As one of the pioneers of this business model, JetBlue has focused on placing hub airports on the East Coast:

• New York City (JFK)*
• San Juan (SJU)

Jetstar Hubs

Jetstar is an Australian low-cost carrier that operates many short-haul, regional, and even international long-haul flights. Jetstar has hubs in:

• Auckland (AKL)
• Brisbane (BNE)
• Cairns (CNS)
• Gold Coast (OOL)
• Melbourne (MEL)*

Additionally, Jetstar designates its focus cities as:

• Adelaide (ADL)
• Perth (PER)

Kenya Airways Hubs

Kenya Airways is the flag carrier of Kenya. It maintains its sole hub in its capital city:

• Nairobi (NBO)*

KLM is the Netherlands flag carrier. As one of the most important SkyTeam partners, KLM operates flights chiefly out of its hub airport:

• Amsterdam-Schipol (AMS)*

Korean Air Hubs

Korean Air is the flag carrier of South Korea. It operates flights out of 3 hub airports:

Also, Korean Air flies through its focus city:

La Compagnie Hubs

La Compagnie is a boutique airline that offers all-business class flights from its hub airport in Paris:

LATAM Airlines Group is Latin America’s largest airline holding company. Numerous different subsidiaries fall under its umbrella. This is why there are so many hub airports:

• Buenos Aires-Ezeiza (EZE)
• Buenos Aires-Newbery (AEP)
• Guayaquil (GYE)
• Rio de Janeiro (GIG)
• Santiago (SCL)*
• São Paulo (GRU)

Here are LATAM’s non-hub focus cities:

• Arequipa (AQP)
• Asunción (ASU)
• Belém (BEL)
• Belo Horizonte (CNF)
• Cusco (CUZ)
• Florianópolis (FLN)
• Fortaleza (FOR)
• Natal (NAT)
• Rio de Janeiro Santas (SDU)

LOT Polish Airlines Hubs

LOT Polish Airlines is the flag carrier of Poland, and this airline has 2 hub airports:

• Budapest (BUD)
• Warsaw (WAW)*

Interestingly, LOT Polish Airlines designates the capital of Estonia as its focus city:

• Tallinn (TLL)

Lufthansa Hubs

Lufthansa is one of the largest and most well-known airlines in the world. This airline only has 2 hubs:

Luxair Hubs

Luxair is a relatively unknown airline. The flag carrier of Luxembourg, this airline has a very small route network. Still, Luxair’s hub is in:

• Luxembourg (LUX)*

Malaysia Airlines Hubs

Malaysia Airlines is a Oneworld partner that offers lots of flights to Malaysia, which contains over 800+ islands! Its airport hubs are in:

• Kota Kinabalu (BKI)

Additionally, Malaysia Airlines has 1 focus city:

Middle East Airlines Hubs

Middle East Airlines is the flag carrier of one of the most historically significant countries in the world: Lebanon. This SkyTeam airline doesn’t operate many long-haul routes. Instead, it focuses on regional flights from its hub in:

• Beirut (BEY)*

Norwegian Air International Hubs

Norwegian Air International is one of the most well-known low-cost carriers in the world. Norwegian Air flies its planes to/from 1 hub airport:

• Oslo (OSL)*

Additionally, Norwegian Air has a ton of focus cities:

• Barcelona (BCN)
• Copenhagen (CPH)
• Helsinki (HEL)
• Stockholm-Arlanda (ARN)

Oman Air Hubs

Oman Air, as the name might suggest, is the flag carrier of the Sultanate of Oman. Located just east of the United Arab Emirates, Oman Air operates numerous long-haul flights, including some ultra-long-haul flights. However, all of its flights should depart from its hub:

• Muscat (MCT)*

Pakistan International Airlines Hubs

Pakistan International Airlines, or PIA, is the flag carrier and national airline of Pakistan. This airline operates flights between its 3 hub airports:

• Islamabad (ISB)
• Karachi (KHI)*
• Lahore (LHE)

Philippine Airlines Hubs

Philippine Airlines is the essential flag carrier airline connecting the Philippines to the rest of the world. This airline is a major player in global aviation, and it has its airline hubs in:

• Clark (CRK)
• Davao (DVO)
• Manila (MNL)*
• Kalibo (KLO)

Qantas Hubs

Qantas is the flag carrier of Australia. This ultra-famous airline has a reputation for being the safest airline in the world. In fact, this airline has never had a fatality on any of its jets.

Qantas maintains airport hubs in these essential airports:

• Melbourne (MEL)
• Sydney (SYD)*

Also, Qantas designates these airports as its focus cities:

• Darwin (DRW)
• Singapore (SIN)

Qatar Airways Hubs

Qatar Airways is the flag carrier of Qatar, one of the richest countries in the world. Located just east of Saudi Arabia, this airline operates one of the most famous business class products, the Qatar Airways QSuite .

You can fly on Qatar Airways for the most part by going through its hub airport:

• Doha (DOH)*

Royal Air Maroc Hubs

Royal Air Maroc is the flag carrier of Morocco, and it operates most flights through its hub airport:

• Casablanca (CMN)*

However, Royal Air Maroc has 2 other focus cities:

• Marrakesh (RAK)
• Tangier (TNG)

Royal Brunei Airlines Hubs

Royal Brunei Airlines is the flag carrier and national airline of Brunei. This is one of the world’s richest countries, though it’s a controversial destination governed by Sharia law.

Royal Brunei Airlines flies to/from its hub in the capital:

• Bandar Seri Begawan (BWN)*

Royal Jordanian Hubs

Royal Jordanian is the flag carrier airline of the Middle Eastern country Jordan. It operates flights mostly from its hub airport:

• Amman (AMM)*

Additionally, you’ll see flights operating to/from its sole focus city:

• Aqaba (AQJ)

RwandAir Hubs

RwandAir is the flag carrier of the African country Rwanda. It operates flights through its 2 hubs:

• Cotonou (COO)
• Kigali (KGL)*

S7 Airlines Hubs

S7 is one of the largest airlines in Russia. The 2 hubs are:

• Moscow-Domodedovo (DME)
• Novosibirsk (OVB)*

There are 3 focus cities in S7’s classifications. Namely:

• Irkutsk (IKT)
• St. Petersburg (LED)
• Vladivostok (VVO)

Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) Hubs

SAS, which is short for Scandinavian Airlines, is the flag carrier of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. As such, its 3 main hubs are in its capital cities:

• Stockholm-Arlanda (ARN)*

SAS has 5 focus cities:

• Bergen (BGO)
• Gothenburg (GOT)
• Stavanger (SVG)
• Tromsø (TOS)
• Trondheim (TRD)

Saudia Hubs

Saudia is the national carrier of Saudi Arabia, the largest Middle Eastern country. Saudia considers all these 3 cities to be its airport hubs:

• Dammam (DMM)
• Jeddah (JED)*
• Riyadh (RUH)

Shanghai Airlines Hubs

Shanghai Airlines is a regional carrier subsidiary of China Eastern. It has 2 hub airports, though both are in the same city:

• Shanghai-Hongqiao (SHA)*

Singapore Airlines Hubs

Singapore Airlines is the flag carrier of Singapore. It also owns regional subsidiaries Scoot. Collectively, these 2 airlines have 1 airport hub:

• Singapore (SIN)*

South African Airways Hubs

South African Airways is the flag carrier of South Africa. As a result, it has 1 hub airport:

• Johannesburg (JNB)*

It also has 1 focus city:

• Cape Town (CPT)

Southwest Airlines Hubs

Southwest Airlines has numerous operating bases, which will be considered hubs for this discussion. Here are all of Southwest Airlines’ hubs:

• Baltimore (BWI)
• Chicago-Midway (MDW)
• Dallas-Love Field (DAL)*
• Denver (DEN)
• Houston-Hobby (HOU)
• Oakland (OAK)

Spirit Airlines Hubs

Spirit Airlines is one of the U.S.’s largest low-cost carriers. In fact, it is the seventh-largest airline, which is impressive compared to juggernauts like Delta, United, and American Airlines.

Spirit Airlines’ main operating bases are:

• Atlantic City (ACY)
• Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW)

Interestingly, Spirit Airlines’ headquarters is in Miramar, Florida, which is in the Miami metro area.

SriLankan Airlines Hubs

SriLankan Airlines is the Oneworld airline partner responsible for much of the connectivity in South Asia. Located off the coast of India, SriLankan Airlines is the flag carrier of Sri Lanka, which is the largest airline in Sri Lanka.

As the island nation is small, SriLankan Airlines operates flights only out of its capital:

• Colombo (CMB)*

Sun Country Airlines Hubs

Sun Country Airlines is a U.S. low-cost carrier, similar to Spirit Airlines. However, it’s the 11th largest airline in the U.S., and it has 1 main hub:

• Minneapolis/St. Paul (MSP)*

It focuses on flights to/from these 3 cities:

SWISS International Air Lines Hubs

SWISS International Air Lines is one of the world’s most famous airlines. The Star Alliance partner is owned by Lufthansa Group, and it operates tons of flights to/from its capital city:

Also, SWISS Air has 1 focus city:

• Geneva (GVA)

TAAG Angola Airlines Hubs

TAAG Angola Airlines is the flag carrier and national airline of the African country of Angola. It is 100% owned by the government of Angola, and it doesn’t fall under any major airline alliances.

TAAG has only 1 airline hub in Angola’s capital city:

• Luanda (LAD)*

TAP Air Portugal Hubs

TAP Air Portugal is the main airline operating flights to/from Portugal. The flag carrier of Portugal and popular Star Alliance partner is famous for offering cheap connecting tickets to Europe via Portugal, both in economy and business class.

TAP Air Portugal has 2 hubs:

• Lisbon (LIS)*
• Porto (OPO)
• Madeira (FNC)

Thai Airways Hubs

Thai Airways is the flag carrier and majority government-owned airline of Thailand. Thai Airways is famous for its amazing first class product , and it’s no secret that Thai Airways mostly operates flights to/from its 2 hubs in Thailand:

Transavia Airlines Hubs

Transavia is one of the low-cost carriers in Europe. It’s owned wholly by KLM, which makes it fall under the Air France-KLM Group.

It has 2 hub airports:

• Brussels (BRU)

It also has 3 focus cities:

• Eindhoven (EIN)
• Groningen (GRQ)
• Rotterdam (RTM)

Turkish Airlines Hubs

Turkish Airlines is the flag carrier of Turkey, the quasi-European and Middle Eastern country. This airline has 3 hub airports:

• Ankara (ESB)
• Istanbul (IST)*
• Istanbul-Sabiha (SAW)

Also, Turkish Airlines has 1 focus city:

• Izmir (ADB)

Ukraine International Hubs

Ukraine International Airlines is the flag carrier of Ukraine. This airline doesn’t belong to any major alliance, but the key hub airport is located in its capital:

• Kiev (KBP)*

United Airlines Hubs

United Airlines is one of the world’s largest airlines and is one of the big 3 airlines in the U.S. Known for its Polaris Class product, United Airlines has numerous airline hubs:

• Chicago (ORD)*
• Houston (IAH)
• Newark (EWRK)
• Washington, D.C. (IAD)

Uzbekistan Airways Hubs

Uzbekistan Airways is one of the core airlines in Central Asia, following the close lead of Air Astana. In this case, Uzbekistan Airways operates flights to/from the same country, Uzbekistan. Namely, it operates flights to/from its hub airport in the capital:

• Tashkent (TAS)*

Vietnam Airlines Hubs

Vietnam Airlines is one of the fastest-growing SkyTeam airline partners in the world. Its primary role is to serve as one of the arteries connecting the SkyTeam alliance to Southeast Asia, particularly the smaller cities in Southeast Asia.

Vietnam Airlines has 3 airport hubs:

• Da Nang (DAD)

Vietnam Airlines also has 2 focus cities in neighboring Cambodia:

• Phnom Penh (PNH)
• Siem Reap (REP)

Virgin Atlantic Hubs

Virgin Atlantic , based in Crawley, England, is one of the most beloved and popular airlines in the world. Operating as a daughter organization of Virgin Group, Virgin Atlantic plays a pivotal role in connecting the U.K. to the rest of the world.

Virgin Atlantic has 3 hubs:

• London-Heathrow (LHR)
• Manchester (MAN)

Virgin Australia Hubs

Virgin Australia is the other big-name airline under the Virgin Group umbrella. This time, Virgin Australia operates flights to/from Oceania.

The 4 main airport hubs are:

• Brisbane (BNE)*

While the main focus cities are:

Vistara Hubs

Vistara is one of the newest airlines to emerge in the commercial aviation scene. Most notable for its corporate structure being 51% owned by Tata Group and 49% owned by Singapore Airlines, this is undoubtedly one of the most prominent business ventures in aviation.

Currently, Vistara has only 1 airport hub:

Volaris Hubs

Volaris is the second-largest airline in Mexico. Here are its hub airports:

• Tijuana (TIJ)

Here are its focus cities:

Vueling Airlines Hubs

Vueling is the second-largest airline in Spain. Here are its 2 hubs:

• Barcelona (BCN)*

WestJet Hubs

WestJet is a Canadian low-cost carrier. It has 3 hubs:

• Calgary (YYC)*

Westjet also has 3 focus cities:

• Edmonton (YEG)
• Winnipeg (YWG)

XiamenAir Hubs

Xiamen Air is a SkyTeam partner connecting much of South China to the rest of the world. Here are the 3 hub cities:

• Fuzhou (FOC)
• Xiamen (XMN)*

It has these focus cities:

• Quanzhou (JJN)

In this guide, we talked in detail about the benefits and drawbacks of flying through airline hubs. We also compared 2 operational models: the hub-and-spoke model and the point-to-point model.

We discussed why points travelers should be interested in learning about airport hubs as they relate to each airline they’re interested in flying. For example, knowing where Cathay Pacific offers its first class product is half the battle, and you can bet that they operate these flights to/from its airport hub in Hong Kong.

Now, you have the best resource and the most comprehensive guide on where airline hubs are located around the world.

All content images credited to Great Circle Mapper.

Related Posts

UP's Bonus Valuation

This bonus value is an estimated valuation  calculated by UP after analyzing redemption options, transfer partners, award availability and how much UP would pay to buy these points.

• Skip to main content
• Skip to header right navigation
• Skip to site footer

milepro | travel like a pro!

travel smarter....travel like a pro!

Airline Hubs in the United States – Comprehensive List

Understanding major airline hubs is a great way to maximize your flight options and increase your odds of getting a good frequent flyer award redemption.

In case you aren't aware, an airline hub airport is an airport used by an airline to consolidate passenger traffic and flight operations.  The term comes from the “hub-and-spoke” system where an airline operates flights from several “spoke” cities into a hub airport.  The passengers traveling from the spoke cities connect through the hub airport and onto their final destination.  This system allows airlines to serve more passengers with fewer planes at a lower cost.

Flying into a hub airport has a number of important benefits, including:

• Better Travel Planning: If you are planning a trip and want to fly with a specific airline, knowing their hubs can help you identify the most direct and cost-efficient routes.
• Flight Availability: Airlines offer more flights and a wider range of destinations from their hubs. If you are looking for a specific destination or a broader choice of flight options, knowing your preferred airline's hubs can help you identify the best routes and increase your chances of finding available flights (both with paid fares and with frequent flyer miles).
• More Options with Flight Disruptions: In the event of a flight cancellation, delay, or other disruption, knowing an airline's hubs can be very helpful. Hubs have more alternative flight options, allowing you to re-book or find alternative routes more easily compared to smaller airports where an airline may have limited operations.
• Reduced Costs: If airlines can reduce their costs by running an efficient hub and spoke system, then they can pass those savings onto you in the form of lower airfare.
• Better Airport Amenities: Hub airports typically have a lot more travelers and with that comes more and better restaurants, airline lounges, etc.

However, there are also some disadvantages such as overcrowded lounges, long lines to get through security and long waits for your baggage.

List of Airline Hubs in the United States

Here is a list of hubs for each of the largest U.S. based airlines.

American Airlines:

American Airlines has more hubs than any other airline, with a total of 10 hubs. Their largest hub is Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW).

• Charlotte (CLT)
• Chicago O'Hare (ORD)
• Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW)
• Los Angeles (LAX)
• Miami (MIA)
• New York (JFK)
• New York, LaGuardia (LGA)
• Philadelphia (PHL)
• Phoenix (PHX)
• Washington Reagan (DCA)

Related Article: Guide to all American Airlines Hubs

Delta Airlines:

Delta Air Lines operates with a total of 9 hubs. Their largest hub is Atlanta (ATL), which also happens to be the world's largest hub airport.

• Atlanta (ATL)
• Boston (BOS)
• Detroit (DTW)
• Minneapolis-St. Paul (MSP)
• New York – Kennedy (JFK)
• New York – LaGuardia (LGA)
• Salt Lake City (SLC)
• Seattle (SEA)

Related Article: Guide to all Delta Airlines Hubs

United Airlines:

United Airlines operates with a total of 8 hubs. Their largest hub is Chicago O'Hare (ORD) and their smallest is Guam (GUM).

• Denver (DEN)
• Houston-Intercontinental (IAH)
• Newark (EWR)
• San Francisco (SFO)
• Washington-Dulles (IAD)

Related Article: Guide to all United Airlines Hubs

Alaska Airlines:

Alaska Airlines operates with a total of 5 hubs. Their largest hub is Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.

• Anchorage (ANA)
• Portland (PDX)
• Seattle-Tacoma (SEA)

Hawaiian Airlines:

Hawaiian Airlines operates with a total of 2 hubs. Their largest hub is Daniel K. Inouye International Airport (HNL) on the island of Oʻahu with a secondary hub out of Kahului Airport on the island of Maui.

• Honolulu (HNL)
• Kahului (OGG)

Other focus airports for Hawaiian Airlines include:

• Lihue (LIH)

Frontier Airlines:

Frontier has a mixed mode model with a single hub at Denver International Airport (DEN) for it's West Coast flights and flies point to point via focus cities on the East Coast.

Focus airports for Frontier Airlines include:

• Chicago–Midway (MDW)
• Cleveland (CLE)
• Las Vegas (LAS)
• Orlando (MCO)
• Phoenix–Sky Harbor (PHX)
• Tampa (TPA)
• Trenton (TTN)

Airlines that do not have hubs

jetBlue, Southwest and Spirit do not operate off of a hub and spoke system, they are point to point. While they don't have hubs, they do have major focus cities. The following are the major focus cities for jetBlue and Southwest

jetBlue Airways:

jetBlue has 6 focus cities, with JFK being the largest focus city and base of operations.

• Fort Lauderdale (FLL)
• Long Beach (LGB)
• New York-JFK (JFK)
• San Juan (SJU)

Southwest Airlines:

Southwest has 13 focus cities, with Denver being the busiest airport, despite Dallas Love Field being its base of operations.

• Baltimore (BWI)
• Chicago Midway (MDW)
• Dallas Love Field (DAL)
• Houston-Hobby (HOU)
• Nashville (BNA)
• Oakland (OAK)
• St. Louis (STL)

Spirit Airlines:

Spirit Airlines operates out of 9 focus cities. Their largest is Fort Lauderdale.

• Atlantic City (ACY)
• Chicago (ORD)
• Dallas (DFW)
• Fort Lauderdale, Florida (FLL)
• Houston (IAH)
• Myrtle Beach (MYR)

Reader Interactions

Leave a reply cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

• Travel Miles 101 Course
• Travel Rewards
• Travel News
• Trip Reports
• Reader Questions
• Success Stories
• Advanced Miles & Points
• Sweet Spots
• Aegean Airlines
• Air New Zealand
• ANA All Nippon Airways
• Asiana Airlines
• Austrian Airlines
• Brussels Airlines
• SAS Scandinavian Airlines
• Singapore Airlines
• SWISS International Air Lines
• TAP Air Portugal
• THAI Airways
• Turkish Airlines

United Airlines

Alaska airlines, american airlines.

• British Airways
• Cathay Pacific
• Japan Airlines
• Qatar Airways
• Delta Air Lines
• KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
• Etihad Airways
• Hawaiian Airlines
• Southwest Airlines
• Virgin Atlantic
• American Express Membership Rewards
• Capital One Rewards
• Chase Ultimate Rewards
• Citi ThankYou Points
• Choice Privileges
• Hilton Honors
• IHG One Rewards
• Marriott Bonvoy
• Radisson Rewards
• World of Hyatt
• Rewards Credit Cards
• Testimonials

List of Major Airline Hubs

Travel Miles 101 has partnered with CardRatings for our coverage of credit card products. Travel Miles 101 and CardRatings may receive a commission from card issuers.

It’s often easiest to search segment-by-segment, so knowing the hubs is essential, especially when you’re looking for international flights.

Keep in mind that if a particular airline doesn’t have a hub in a desired city, it doesn’t mean that the airline doesn’t fly to/from that city!

Here is a list of airline hubs for some of the US’s largest airlines:

International hubs are in bold

• Denver – Denver International Airport (DEN)
• Houston – George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH)
• Los Angeles – Los Angeles International (LAX)
• Newark – Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR)
• Chicago – O’Hare International Airport (ORD)
• San Francisco – San Francisco International Airport (SFO)
• Washington – Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD)
• Guam – Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport (GUM)
• Tokyo – Narita International Airport (NRT)
• Charlotte – Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT)
• Dallas – Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW)
• Los Angeles – Los Angeles International Airport (LAX)
• Miami – Miami International Airport (MIA)
• New York – John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK)
• New York – LaGuardia Airport (LGA)
• Philadelphia – Philadelphia International Airport (PHL)
• Phoenix – Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX)
• Washington – Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA)
• Cincinnati – Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG)
• Detroit – Detroit Metropolitan Airport (DTW)
• Atlanta – Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL)
• New York City – John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK)
• New York City – LaGuardia Airport (LGA)
• Boston – Logan International Airport (BOS)
• Minneapolis – Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport (MSP)
• Salt Lake City – Salt Lake City International Airport (SLC)
• Seattle – Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA)

Southwest airlines calls the airports where they have a large presence as operating bases.

• Dallas – Dallas Love Field (DAL)
• Chicago – Chicago Midway International Airport (MDW)
• Houston – William P. Hobby Airport (HOU)
• Baltimore – Baltimore Washington International Airport (BWI)
• Las Vegas – McCarran International Airport (LAS)
• Oakland – Metropolitan Oakland International Airport (OAK)
• Orlando – Orlando International Airport (MCO)
• Phoenix – Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX)

Jet Blue doesn’t have “hubs”, but rather Focus Cities

• Fort Lauderdale – Hollywood International Airport (FLL)
• Long Beach – Long Beach Airport (LGB)
• San Juan – Luis Muñoz Marin International Airport (SJU)

Focus Cities are in bold

• Portland – Portland International Airport (PDX)
• Anchorage – Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC)
• San Diego – San Diego International Airport (SAN)
• San Jose – Norman Y Mineta San Jose International Airport (SJC)

This list could come in handy to know how to plan your future travel.  It is also helpful so that you know which airline to pursue elite status with if that is one of your goals.  If you happen to live close to one of the airports that are listed as a hub for several airlines, then you have lots of options!

Which is your favorite airline hub?

Thanks for signing up! You'll get an email from Travel Miles 101 each time we post.

There was an error submitting your subscription. Please try again.

You may also like

Tm101 facebook group, read, learn, discuss with 40,000+ members, recent posts.

• March 14, 2024 Booking Australian Domestic Flights with Points
• March 7, 2024 8 Action Items For A New Credit Card
• February 25, 2024 10 Ways To Earn More Miles and Points
• February 24, 2024 Using a Flight Schedule Change To Your Advantage
• February 22, 2024 How to Still Earn Miles for Distance Flown

Compare flights from 100s of sites.

Big names, great deals, filter for what you want, track prices, more than flights, search cheap flights by destination, find cheap flights.

Save money on airfare by searching for cheap flight tickets on KAYAK. KAYAK searches for flight deals on hundreds of airline tickets sites to help you find the cheapest flights. Whether you are looking for a last minute flight or a cheap plane ticket for a later date, you can find the best deals faster at KAYAK.

Las Vegas Flights

• Flight Phoenix - Las Vegas (PHX - LAS) $27+
• Flight San Diego - Las Vegas (SAN - LAS) $29+
• Flight Los Angeles - Las Vegas (LAX - LAS) $33+
• Flight San Jose - Las Vegas (SJC - LAS) $33+
• Flight Ontario - Las Vegas (ONT - LAS) $37+
• Flight Burbank - Las Vegas (BUR - LAS) $38+
• Flight Oakland - Las Vegas (OAK - LAS) $39+
• Flight Portland - Las Vegas (PDX - LAS) $39+
• Flight San Antonio - Las Vegas (SAT - LAS) $39+
• Flight Santa Ana - Las Vegas (SNA - LAS) $39+

Los Angeles Flights

• Flight Las Vegas - Los Angeles (LAS - LAX) $33+
• Flight San Jose - Los Angeles (SJC - LAX) $39+
• Flight Dallas - Los Angeles (DFW - LAX) $45+
• Flight Oakland - Los Angeles (OAK - LAX) $47+
• Flight Phoenix - Los Angeles (PHX - LAX) $50+
• Flight Seattle - Los Angeles (SEA - LAX) $51+
• Flight Portland - Los Angeles (PDX - LAX) $58+
• Flight San Francisco - Los Angeles (SFO - LAX) $60+
• Flight Salt Lake City - Los Angeles (SLC - LAX) $68+
• Flight Atlanta - Los Angeles (ATL - LAX) $69+

Orlando Flights

• Flight Charlotte - Orlando (CLT - ORL) $36+
• Flight Atlanta - Orlando (ATL - ORL) $37+
• Flight Houston - Orlando (IAH - ORL) $54+
• Flight St. Louis - Orlando (STL - ORL) $55+
• Flight Philadelphia - Orlando (PHL - ORL) $56+
• Flight Baltimore - Orlando (BWI - ORL) $58+
• Flight Hartford - Orlando (BDL - ORL) $58+
• Flight Cincinnati - Orlando (CVG - ORL) $62+
• Flight Chicago - Orlando (CHI - ORL) $66+
• Flight Dallas - Orlando (DFW - ORL) $67+

Cancun Flights

• Flight Fort Lauderdale - Cancún (FLL - CUN) $181+
• Flight Chicago - Cancún (CHI - CUN) $190+
• Flight Philadelphia - Cancún (PHL - CUN) $190+
• Flight Dallas - Cancún (DFW - CUN) $207+
• Flight Houston - Cancún (HOU - CUN) $217+
• Flight Orlando - Cancún (ORL - CUN) $223+
• Flight Atlanta - Cancún (ATL - CUN) $227+
• Flight Las Vegas - Cancún (LAS - CUN) $227+
• Flight Miami - Cancún (MIA - CUN) $234+
• Flight New York - Cancún (NYC - CUN) $235+

Tokyo Flights

• Flight Phoenix - Tokyo (PHX - TYO) $444+
• Flight Honolulu - Tokyo (HNL - TYO) $454+
• Flight San Jose - Tokyo (SJC - TYO) $479+
• Flight Seattle - Tokyo (SEA - TYO) $535+
• Flight Los Angeles - Tokyo (LAX - TYO) $537+
• Flight San Francisco - Tokyo (SFO - TYO) $552+
• Flight San Diego - Tokyo (SAN - TYO) $643+
• Flight Dallas - Tokyo (DFW - TYO) $660+
• Flight Las Vegas - Tokyo (LAS - TYO) $667+
• Flight New York - Tokyo (NYC - TYO) $675+

Chicago Flights

• Flight Dallas - Chicago (DFW - CHI) $39+
• Flight Boston - Chicago (BOS - CHI) $46+
• Flight Atlanta - Chicago (ATL - CHI) $47+
• Flight New York - Chicago (NYC - CHI) $51+
• Flight Charlotte - Chicago (CLT - CHI) $53+
• Flight Miami - Chicago (MIA - CHI) $55+
• Flight Tampa - Chicago (TPA - CHI) $55+
• Flight Houston - Chicago (IAH - CHI) $58+
• Flight Las Vegas - Chicago (LAS - CHI) $60+
• Flight Denver - Chicago (DEN - CHI) $62+

Phoenix Flights

• Flight Dallas - Phoenix (DFW - PHX) $43+
• Flight Las Vegas - Phoenix (LAS - PHX) $43+
• Flight Salt Lake City - Phoenix (SLC - PHX) $49+
• Flight Los Angeles - Phoenix (LAX - PHX) $54+
• Flight San Diego - Phoenix (SAN - PHX) $54+
• Flight Denver - Phoenix (DEN - PHX) $60+
• Flight Houston - Phoenix (IAH - PHX) $62+
• Flight San Francisco - Phoenix (SFO - PHX) $65+
• Flight Seattle - Phoenix (SEA - PHX) $72+
• Flight Portland - Phoenix (PDX - PHX) $80+

India Flights

• Flight Washington, D.C. - New Delhi (WAS - DEL) $589+
• Flight San Francisco - New Delhi (SFO - DEL) $593+
• Flight San Francisco - Mumbai (SFO - BOM) $601+
• Flight New York - New Delhi (NYC - DEL) $610+
• Flight San Francisco - Bengaluru (SFO - BLR) $627+
• Flight New York - Mumbai (NYC - BOM) $650+
• Flight Chicago - New Delhi (CHI - DEL) $659+
• Flight Boston - Mumbai (BOS - BOM) $663+
• Flight Washington, D.C. - Hyderabad (WAS - HYD) $683+
• Flight Dallas - New Delhi (DFW - DEL) $694+

Japan Flights

• Flight Denver - Tokyo (DEN - TYO) $685+
• Flight Portland - Tokyo (PDX - TYO) $690+
• Flight San Francisco - Osaka (SFO - OSA) $691+
• Flight Houston - Tokyo (IAH - TYO) $720+
• Flight Atlanta - Tokyo (ATL - TYO) $721+
• Flight Los Angeles - Osaka (LAX - OSA) $734+
• Flight Boston - Tokyo (BOS - TYO) $798+
• Flight Los Angeles - Okinawa (LAX - OKA) $822+
• Flight Chicago - Tokyo (CHI - TYO) $943+

New York Flights

• Flight Atlanta - New York (ATL - NYC) $36+
• Flight Fort Lauderdale - New York (FLL - NYC) $45+
• Flight Charlotte - New York (CLT - NYC) $46+
• Flight Boston - Newark (BOS - NYC) $48+
• Flight Chicago - New York (CHI - NYC) $51+
• Flight Miami - New York (MIA - NYC) $51+
• Flight Raleigh - New York (RDU - NYC) $56+
• Flight Orlando - New York (ORL - NYC) $63+
• Flight Houston - New York (IAH - NYC) $64+
• Flight Dallas - New York (DFW - NYC) $71+

Miami Flights

• Flight New York - Miami (NYC - MIA) $49+
• Flight Charlotte - Miami (CLT - MIA) $63+
• Flight Dallas - Miami (DFW - MIA) $65+
• Flight Chicago - Miami (CHI - MIA) $69+
• Flight Nashville - Miami (BNA - MIA) $70+
• Flight Atlanta - Miami (ATL - MIA) $71+
• Flight Raleigh - Miami (RDU - MIA) $74+
• Flight Boston - Miami (BOS - MIA) $75+
• Flight Las Vegas - Miami (LAS - MIA) $75+
• Flight Houston - Miami (IAH - MIA) $76+

Rome Flights

• Flight New York - Rome (NYC - ROM) $330+
• Flight Miami - Rome (MIA - ROM) $364+
• Flight Boston - Rome (BOS - ROM) $390+
• Flight Los Angeles - Rome (LAX - ROM) $416+
• Flight Baltimore - Rome (BWI - ROM) $419+
• Flight San Francisco - Rome (SFO - ROM) $441+
• Flight Atlanta - Rome (ATL - ROM) $444+
• Flight Las Vegas - Rome (LAS - ROM) $451+
• Flight Fort Lauderdale - Rome (FLL - ROM) $455+
• Flight Seattle - Rome (SEA - ROM) $523+

Seattle Flights

• Flight Las Vegas - Seattle (LAS - SEA) $37+
• Flight Ontario - Seattle (ONT - SEA) $48+
• Flight Los Angeles - Seattle (LAX - SEA) $51+
• Flight Dallas - Seattle (DFW - SEA) $64+
• Flight Sacramento - Seattle (SMF - SEA) $64+
• Flight San Jose - Seattle (SJC - SEA) $67+
• Flight Santa Ana - Seattle (SNA - SEA) $74+
• Flight Salt Lake City - Seattle (SLC - SEA) $76+
• Flight Phoenix - Seattle (PHX - SEA) $78+
• Flight San Diego - Seattle (SAN - SEA) $78+

Fort Lauderdale Flights

• Flight Hartford - Fort Lauderdale (BDL - FLL) $37+
• Flight New York - Fort Lauderdale (NYC - FLL) $45+
• Flight Raleigh - Fort Lauderdale (RDU - FLL) $48+
• Flight Atlanta - Fort Lauderdale (ATL - FLL) $51+
• Flight Boston - Fort Lauderdale (BOS - FLL) $51+
• Flight Dallas - Fort Lauderdale (DFW - FLL) $52+
• Flight Cleveland - Fort Lauderdale (CLE - FLL) $66+
• Flight Chicago - Fort Lauderdale (CHI - FLL) $71+
• Flight Tampa - Fort Lauderdale (TPA - FLL) $72+
• Flight Baltimore - Fort Lauderdale (BWI - FLL) $74+

Atlanta Flights

• Flight Boston - Atlanta (BOS - ATL) $33+
• Flight Houston - Atlanta (IAH - ATL) $34+
• Flight Houston - Atlanta (HOU - ATL) $34+
• Flight Baltimore - Atlanta (BWI - ATL) $36+
• Flight New York - Atlanta (NYC - ATL) $37+
• Flight Orlando - Atlanta (ORL - ATL) $37+
• Flight Philadelphia - Atlanta (PHL - ATL) $37+
• Flight Dallas - Atlanta (DFW - ATL) $38+
• Flight Cleveland - Atlanta (CLE - ATL) $49+
• Flight Fort Lauderdale - Atlanta (FLL - ATL) $51+

Boston Flights

• Flight Atlanta - Boston (ATL - BOS) $37+
• Flight Nashville - Boston (BNA - BOS) $45+
• Flight Baltimore - Boston (BWI - BOS) $47+
• Flight Fort Lauderdale - Boston (FLL - BOS) $51+
• Flight Philadelphia - Boston (PHL - BOS) $54+
• Flight Dallas - Boston (DFW - BOS) $59+
• Flight Houston - Boston (IAH - BOS) $60+
• Flight Charlotte - Boston (CLT - BOS) $61+
• Flight Miami - Boston (MIA - BOS) $70+
• Flight Orlando - Boston (ORL - BOS) $72+

United States Flights

• Flight Seattle - Las Vegas (SEA - LAS) $39+
• Flight Dallas - Las Vegas (DFW - LAS) $40+
• Flight San Francisco - Las Vegas (SFO - LAS) $49+
• Flight Boston - Orlando (BOS - ORL) $68+
• Flight Atlanta - Las Vegas (ATL - LAS) $69+
• Flight New York - Orlando (NYC - ORL) $75+
• Flight Denver - Las Vegas (DEN - LAS) $82+
• Flight Philadelphia - Miami (PHL - MIA) $89+
• Flight Minneapolis - Phoenix (MSP - PH1) $96+
• Flight Minneapolis - Las Vegas (MSP - LAS) $112+

Hawaii Flights

• Flight Los Angeles - Hawaii (LAX - USHI) $151+
• Flight San Francisco - Hawaii (SFO - USHI) $169+
• Flight San Jose - Hawaii (SJC - USHI) $194+
• Flight Seattle - Hawaii (SEA - USHI) $210+
• Flight Oakland - Hawaii (OAK - USHI) $229+
• Flight San Diego - Hawaii (SAN - USHI) $236+
• Flight Portland - Hawaii (PDX - USHI) $248+
• Flight Sacramento - Hawaii (SMF - USHI) $248+
• Flight Ontario - Hawaii (ONT - USHI) $286+
• Flight Las Vegas - Hawaii (LAS - USHI) $297+

London Flights

• Flight New York - London (NYC - LON) $300+
• Flight Atlanta - London (ATL - LON) $325+
• Flight Boston - London (BOS - LON) $325+
• Flight Chicago - London (CHI - LON) $325+
• Flight Washington, D.C. - London (WAS - LON) $325+
• Flight Miami - London (MIA - LON) $351+
• Flight Los Angeles - London (LAX - LON) $400+
• Flight San Francisco - London (SFO - LON) $430+
• Flight Baltimore - London (BWI - LON) $465+
• Flight Seattle - London (SEA - LON) $466+

Paris Flights

• Flight New York - Paris (NYC - PAR) $298+
• Flight Baltimore - Paris (BWI - PAR) $306+
• Flight Boston - Paris (BOS - PAR) $306+
• Flight Washington, D.C. - Paris (WAS - PAR) $306+
• Flight New Windsor - Paris (SWF - PAR) $311+
• Flight Los Angeles - Paris (LAX - PAR) $316+
• Flight Chicago - Paris (CHI - PAR) $379+
• Flight Miami - Paris (MIA - PAR) $388+
• Flight Atlanta - Paris (ATL - PAR) $398+
• Flight Las Vegas - Paris (LAS - PAR) $404+

Manila Flights

• Flight Los Angeles - Manila (LAX - MNL) $534+
• Flight San Francisco - Manila (SFO - MNL) $716+
• Flight Seattle - Manila (SEA - MNL) $725+
• Flight Honolulu - Manila (HNL - MNL) $744+
• Flight New York - Manila (NYC - MNL) $761+
• Flight Ontario - Manila (ONT - MNL) $764+
• Flight Houston - Manila (IAH - MNL) $783+
• Flight Chicago - Manila (CHI - MNL) $790+
• Flight Atlanta - Manila (ATL - MNL) $831+
• Flight Las Vegas - Manila (LAS - MNL) $839+

Denver Flights

• Flight Phoenix - Denver (PHX - DEN) $38+
• Flight Ontario - Denver (ONT - DEN) $58+
• Flight Los Angeles - Denver (LAX - DEN) $61+
• Flight San Diego - Denver (SAN - DEN) $61+
• Flight Salt Lake City - Denver (SLC - DEN) $64+
• Flight Minneapolis - Denver (MSP - DEN) $68+
• Flight Seattle - Denver (SEA - DEN) $73+
• Flight St. Louis - Denver (STL - DEN) $76+
• Flight Austin - Denver (AUS - DEN) $78+
• Flight Portland - Denver (PDX - DEN) $78+

San Francisco Flights

• Flight Los Angeles - San Francisco (LAX - SFO) $48+
• Flight Ontario - San Francisco (ONT - SFO) $48+
• Flight Las Vegas - San Francisco (LAS - SFO) $63+
• Flight Santa Ana - San Francisco (SNA - SFO) $77+
• Flight Denver - San Francisco (DEN - SFO) $82+
• Flight San Diego - San Francisco (SAN - SFO) $83+
• Flight Phoenix - San Francisco (PHX - SFO) $84+
• Flight Portland - San Francisco (PDX - SFO) $88+
• Flight Salt Lake City - San Francisco (SLC - SFO) $88+
• Flight Seattle - San Francisco (SEA - SFO) $115+

San Diego Flights

• Flight Las Vegas - San Diego (LAS - SAN) $31+
• Flight Sacramento - San Diego (SMF - SAN) $37+
• Flight San Jose - San Diego (SJC - SAN) $38+
• Flight Oakland - San Diego (OAK - SAN) $42+
• Flight Phoenix - San Diego (PHX - SAN) $44+
• Flight Dallas - San Diego (DFW - SAN) $64+
• Flight Chicago - San Diego (CHI - SAN) $65+
• Flight Portland - San Diego (PDX - SAN) $70+
• Flight Salt Lake City - San Diego (SLC - SAN) $74+
• Flight Seattle - San Diego (SEA - SAN) $78+

Punta Cana Flights

• Flight Fort Lauderdale - Punta Cana (FLL - PUJ) $188+
• Flight Miami - Punta Cana (MIA - PUJ) $200+
• Flight Raleigh - Punta Cana (RDU - PUJ) $246+
• Flight Hartford - Punta Cana (BDL - PUJ) $256+
• Flight New York - Punta Cana (NYC - PUJ) $259+
• Flight Boston - Punta Cana (BOS - PUJ) $260+
• Flight Philadelphia - Punta Cana (PHL - PUJ) $260+
• Flight Atlanta - Punta Cana (ATL - PUJ) $263+
• Flight Tampa - Punta Cana (TPA - PUJ) $265+
• Flight Dallas - Punta Cana (DFW - PUJ) $269+

Europe Flights

• Flight Boston - Dublin (BOS - DUB) $302+
• Flight Boston - Lisbon (BOS - LIS) $312+
• Flight Miami - Madrid (MIA - MAD) $314+
• Flight New York - Athens (NYC - ATH) $383+
• Flight Los Angeles - Lisbon (LAX - LIS) $409+
• Flight Boston - Athens (BOS - ATH) $422+
• Flight Los Angeles - Madrid (LAX - MAD) $438+
• Flight Los Angeles - Athens (LAX - ATH) $499+
• Flight Los Angeles - Istanbul (LAX - TR5) $555+
• Flight San Francisco - Lisbon (SFO - LIS) $613+

Florida Flights

• Flight New York - Florida (NYC - USFL) $45+
• Flight Atlanta - Florida (ATL - USFL) $51+
• Flight Boston - Florida (BOS - USFL) $51+
• Flight Philadelphia - Florida (PHL - USFL) $56+
• Flight Baltimore - Florida (BWI - USFL) $58+
• Flight Hartford - Florida (BDL - USFL) $58+
• Flight Charlotte - Florida (CLT - USFL) $63+
• Flight Dallas - Florida (DFW - USFL) $65+
• Flight Los Angeles - Florida (LAX - USFL) $83+
• Flight Minneapolis - Florida (MSP - USFL) $103+

Frequently asked questions

What do i need to know before booking a flight.

There are various factors to consider when booking a flight including cost, fare classes, baggage policies, the complications of flying long haul, and complying with airport regulations. To make your booking journey smoother KAYAK has developed a comprehensive flight guide including insights on finding affordable flights, packing efficiently, and utilizing the best travel tools.

What is the cheapest day of the week to book a flight?

The best day to book your flight depends on a number of factors, but there are general trends that you can follow to increase your chances of cheaper plane tickets. Based on an analysis of KAYAK data for all flights departing from inside United States over the last 12 months, the cheapest day to fly for domestic flights is Wednesday. For international flights, Tuesday had the cheapest tickets on average.

Which month of the year are flight prices lowest?

It’s well established that flights in the low season are generally cheaper than ticket prices during the high season. That means that knowing which month to find the lowest priced plane tickets will depend heavily on seasonality and your destination. While avoiding peak travel times can help you keep costs down, our data shows that the month with the lowest priced plane tickets for domestic flights based on all searches made on KAYAK in the last 12 months was January, while the most expensive was August. If you’re booking an international flight, then January is the cheapest month to fly and June the most expensive.

When is the best time to buy plane tickets - Last minute or in advance?

Last minute flight deals are definitely up for grabs but when exactly to purchase your plane tickets will depend on where you’re traveling to and from. Based on all data for flight searches made on KAYAK over the last 12 months, prices for domestic flights remained below the average price up to 1 weeks before departure. For international flights, deals could still be had up to 1 weeks prior to the departure date, with prices remaining below average. If you’re flexible, KAYAK brings you both advance and last minute one-way and round-trip flight deals.

Can flying international flights with a layover save money on airfare?

For many long-haul international flights, flying non-stop is not possible and you will have to fly with a layover. Some routes will offer both and you could consider flying with a layover for a number of reasons. Firstly, breaking up what would otherwise be a long-haul flight, taking a rest and then completing the journey might make the flight more manageable. Secondly, prices can also be lower than non-stop flights, so while it might take longer for you to reach your destination, you could save money. We’ve looked at prices over the last 12 months for the 100 most popular international destinations for KAYAK users and on average, prices for non-stop flights were cheaper than flights with a layover.

How does KAYAK find such low flight prices?

KAYAK processes over 2 billion flight queries annually and displays results from hundreds of airlines and third party sites, allowing it to find a variety of flight prices and options. It also displays results from 2M+ properties along with rental cars, vacation packages, activities and millions of verified reviews so users can see as many available travel options as possible.

How do I find the best flight deals on KAYAK?

A simple flight search at https://www.kayak.com/flights scans for prices on hundreds of travel sites in seconds. We gather flight deals from across the web and put them in one place. Then on the search results page you can use various filters to compare options for the same flight and easily choose the best flight deal from all of the deals coming straight from the travel sites to your screen, with no extra fee from KAYAK.

How can Hacker Fares save me money?

Hacker Fares allow you to combine one-way tickets on different airlines when it can save you money over a traditional round-trip ticket.

Does KAYAK query more flight providers than competitors?

Yes, KAYAK has access to more data and information than online travel agencies and consistently outperforms the competition in accuracy, globally.

How does KAYAK's flight Price Forecast tool help me choose the right time to buy?

KAYAK's flight Price Forecast tool uses historical data to determine whether the price for a given destination and date is likely to change within 7 days, so travelers know whether to wait or book now.

What is KAYAK's "flexible dates" feature and why should I care?

Sometimes travel dates aren't set in stone. If your preferred travel dates have some wiggle room, flexible dates will show you flights up to 3 days before/after your preferred dates. That way, you can see if leaving a day or two earlier will find you a better deal. You can also select the flexible "weekend" or "month" search options to widen your search range and find the cheapest price that works for you.

Search cheap flights with KAYAK. Search for the cheapest airline tickets for all the top airlines around the world, airports around the world and the top international flight routes . KAYAK searches hundreds of travel sites to help you find cheap airfare and book a flight that suits you best. Since KAYAK searches many plane tickets sites at once, you can find cheap tickets from cheap airlines and for trains and buses quickly.

KAYAK also helps you find the right hotels for your needs.

Air Travel 101: Hub-Spoke vs Point-To-Point

There are two main models used by airlines for their route networks: the hub-spoke model and the point-to-point model. Understanding the difference between these two models can help you choose the best airline for your travel needs.

A hub-and-spoke model is a system used by many airlines in which they operate flights from a central hub to a number of smaller destinations, known as spokes. This model allows airlines to efficiently connect a large number of destinations and reduce the need for multiple direct flights between each pair of cities.

One advantage of the hub-and-spoke model is that it allows for more efficient use of aircraft and crew. By having a central hub, airlines can schedule flights and crew in such a way that they can make multiple trips per day, rather than having to return to their home base after each flight. This results in lower costs and increased profits for the airline.

Another advantage is that the hub-and-spoke model allows for more convenient connections for passengers. By having a central hub, passengers can easily connect to multiple destinations without having to go through the hassle of booking separate flights. This can make travel more convenient for passengers and can lead to increased customer satisfaction.

However, there are also some disadvantages to the hub-and-spoke model. One disadvantage is that passengers may have to travel to the central hub in order to reach their final destination, which can be inconvenient and time-consuming. Additionally, if there are delays or cancellations at the hub, it can have a cascading effect on flights to other destinations.

In contrast, a point-to-point model is a system in which an airline operates flights directly between two destinations, without the need for a central hub. This model is often used by smaller, regional airlines that serve a limited number of destinations.

One advantage of the point-to-point model is that it allows for more direct flights, which can be more convenient for passengers. Additionally, point-to-point airlines may have more flexibility in terms of scheduling and route planning, as they are not limited by the constraints of a central hub.

However, there are also some disadvantages to the point-to-point model. One disadvantage is that it may not be as efficient in terms of aircraft and crew utilization, as flights may have to return to their home base after each trip. This can result in higher costs for the airline. Additionally, point-to-point airlines may face more difficulties in the event of a cascade failure, as they do not have the option of routing passengers through a central hub to reach their final destination.

Some examples of airlines that use the hub-and-spoke model include American Airlines , Delta Air Lines , and United Airlines . Examples of airlines that use the point-to-point model include SouthWest Airlines and JetBlue Airways .

Overall, both the hub-and-spoke model and the point-to-point model have their advantages and disadvantages, and the best model for a particular airline will depend on its specific needs and goals.

Releated Travel News

Venice implements new restrictions on group tours and noise pollution.

Lisbon Doubles Tourism Taxes for Visitors Starting September

Africa Emerges as Top Destination for Adventure Tourism

Experience the 2026 Total Solar Eclipse with Holland America Cruises

Uniworld Celebrates 50 Years with Exclusive Rivers of the World Cruise

2024 Europe River Cruise Trends: High Demand and Last-Minute Bookings

Related Travel Blogs

Your ultimate guide to global power adapters and plug types.

Essential Power Converters for American Travelers to Mexico & South America

Essential Power Converters for American Travelers to the Middle East

Essential Power Converters for American Travelers to Asia

Essential Power Converters for American Travelers to Europe

Preserving Culture: How to Travel Sustainably and Respectfully

These photos show how Amazon's San Bernardino air hub works

A ug. 16—Amazon's air hub at San Bernardino International Airport is a major link between online shoppers throughout the U.S. and the goods they order.

RELATED: What's it like inside Amazon's San Bernardino air hub?

In July, we toured the air hub — the online retailer's third busiest in the nation — to see what happens inside.

From robots to roaring jets, here's what we saw.

Originally Published: August 16, 2024 at 5:30 a.m.

(c)2024 San Gabriel Valley Tribune, West Covina, Calif. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

Cheap International Airfares

Save up to 70% on international airfares average savings per passenger: $320.

What are consolidator fares? Consolidator fares are airline tickets purchased by “airline wholesalers” and then resold to travel agencies at  substantial discounts  (up to 70% off regular fares).

Are they charter flights? This was true in the “old days.” The truth is  the overwhelming majority of consolidator fares are on the same airlines you presently pay full fare for.

What’s the catch? Consolidator fares are a great deal for most travelers, most of the time.  However, airline fare wars and special promotions are sometimes cheaper.

Just like regular airfares, consolidator fares can sell out quickly and may not be available all of the time.

Not all consolidators are alike.  The BEST consolidators have direct contracts with the airlines. ALL THE CONSOLIDATORS ON TRAVELHUB HAVE DIRECT CONTRACTS WITH THE AIRLINES.

Cancellation fees may be substantially higher (50% or more of the fare price). In some cases  NO REFUNDS ARE AVAILABLE AT ALL . Consequently, you should not purchase a consolidator fare unless you are sure about your travel plans.

What makes TravelHUB’s consolidator search different from the rest?

TravelHUB  has powerful relationships with the most respected consolidators in the travel industry. Our consolidator clients have close relationships with all major air lines, Global Distribution Systems, and large travel agencies. Additionally, you are able to reserve your discounted ticket; immediately while online.

TravelHUB listed agencies must be certified  with the Airline Reporting Corporation (or equivalent certification for overseas agencies) and must meet TravelHUB’s customer service requirements before they can partake, or even be listed in TravelHUB’s directory of agencies.

Delta celebrates Team USA and the return of the Olympic Games to the US, featuring its LA28 livery

As the Official Airline of Team USA and an inaugural Founding Partner of the LA28 Olympic and Paralympic Games, Delta is honored to be part of the flag’s transfer from one iconic city to the next.

Following the Closing Ceremony of the Olympic Games Paris 2024, Delta carried the Olympic Flag from Paris to Los Angeles on its custom LA28 livery for the official Olympic Flag Flight – signifying the Games’ return to the United States in 2028 for the first time since the 2002 Salt Lake Olympic and Paralympic Games.

As the Official Airline of Team USA and an inaugural Founding Partner of the LA28 Olympic and Paralympic Games, Delta is honored to be part of the flag’s transfer from one iconic city to the next, bringing a delegation from Team USA, LA28, and notable dignitaries on board as well. The exciting journey provides a taste of what’s to come from the LA28 Games. 

“Delta and LA28’s partnership is built around our shared values of connecting the world – and nothing brings the world together like the Olympic and Paralympic Games,” said Alicia Tillman, Delta’s Chief Marketing Officer. “Alongside LA28, we are committed to investing in LA28 and the future of Los Angeles as we set out to work together to bring the Games to life in the biggest and best way possible.”

Designed in-house by its creative agency, Window Seat, Delta’s LA28 livery, a custom A350 aircraft, features a blend of Delta blue, Delta red and Olympic gold to create a sunset-like color gradient that fades into a starry impression. The Los Angeles-inspired aircraft also displays three palm trees, emblematic of the years that LA hosted the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games: 1932, 1984 and now 2028. The honor of hosting three Olympic Games is held by only two other cities in the world – Paris and London. 

The aircraft also proudly touts the  Delta x LA28 integrated emblem – the first in the Olympic and Paralympic Movement history – which uses the airline’s iconic widget to replace the “A” in the logo.

“Paris just put on an incredible Games, and from one iconic host city to the next: we are ready to bring this flag home for the 2028 Games,” said Reynold Hoover, CEO of LA28. “Today is a historic day since we started our bid 10 years ago – and we couldn’t be more thankful to our partners at Delta for helping organize this flight.”

As part of the airline’s ongoing work to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, Delta is covering the cost of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to reduce the emissions impact of the LA28 Flag Flight. While SAF won’t be physically on the flights from Paris to Los Angeles, for each of the estimated 45,000 gallons of jet fuel consumed on the flights carrying the Olympic and Paralympic flags, Delta is displacing a gallon of conventional jet fuel and replacing it with a gallon of SAF for our California-based flying. Until SAF is more widely available, this “book and claim” model continues to be the most optimal way to utilize existing SAF and infrastructure where it is available today. 

SAF is the most important lever the aviation industry has to decarbonize today, however, there isn’t enough being produced to fuel global demand for even a week. With around 90% of Delta’s carbon emissions coming from jet fuel, we're innovating across the business to find areas to reduce fuel consumption, while advocating for the incentives we need to scale the SAF market. 

Beyond doing our part to scale the SAF market, Delta is taking measures to make the in-flight travel experience more sustainable through actions like: switching to compostable bamboo cutlery and testing paper cups; swapping ground support equipment with electric models, and more.

After this special journey, the custom aircraft went back into regular service, where Delta customers will be able to fly on the aircraft.

Don’t miss out on the limited edition LA28 pins on Delta’s Team USA shop . 

The LA28 Olympic and Paralympic Games bring Delta's multi-year partnership to its peak, celebrating the brand's role as an inaugural founding partner. Over the course of the Team USA partnership, Delta also designed a custom livery for Beijing 2022, with plans for another livery for Milano Cortina 2026.  Learn more about Delta’s partnership with Team USA .  

• Team USA , A350 , Partnerships

Singularity

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ALS Stole His Voice. AI Retrieved It. Benjamin Mueller | The New York Times “Halfway through trying to speak his first prompt aloud—’What good is that?’—a shaking, smiling Mr. Harrell crumpled into tears. …By day two, the machine was ranging across an available vocabulary of 125,000 words with 90 percent accuracy and, for the first time, producing sentences of Mr. Harrell’s own making. The device spoke them in a voice remarkably like his own, too: Using podcast interviews and other old recordings, the researchers had created a deep fake of Mr. Harrell’s pre-ALS voice.”

This Researcher Wants to Replace Your Brain, Little by Little Antonio Regalado | MIT Technology Review “A US agency pursuing moonshot health breakthroughs has hired a researcher advocating an extremely radical plan for defeating death. His idea? Replace your body parts. All of them. Even your brain. Jean Hébert, a new hire with the US Advanced Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H), is expected to lead a major new initiative around ‘functional brain tissue replacement,’ the idea of adding youthful tissue to people’s brains.”

Happy Birthday, Baby! What the Future Holds for Those Born Today Kara Platoni | MIT Technology Review “Your arrival coincided with the 125th anniversary of this magazine. With a bit of luck and the right genes, you might see the next 125 years. How will you and the next generation of machines grow up together? We asked more than a dozen experts to imagine your joint future. We explained that this would be a thought experiment. What I mean is: We asked them to get weird.”

Study Suggests That Even the Best AI Models Hallucinate a Bunch Kyle Wiggers | TechCrunch “A recent study from researchers at Cornell, the universities of Washington and Waterloo and the nonprofit research institute AI2 sought to benchmark hallucinations by fact-checking models like GPT-4o against authoritative sources on topics ranging from law and health to history and geography. …’The most important takeaway from our work is that we cannot yet fully trust the outputs of model generations,’ Wenting Zhao, a doctorate student at Cornell and a co-author on the research, told TechCrunch. ‘At present, even the best models can generate hallucination-free text only about 35% of the time.'”

TRANSPORTATION

Why Alaska Airlines Is Investing in a Jet That’s Like Nothing You’ve Seen Before Patrick Sisson | Fast Company “[JetZero’s blended-wing-body (BWB) aircraft] concept boasts a more triangular, stretch design—where the cabin and wing blend together—creating more aerodynamic efficiency and lift. This allows the plane to fly higher, at around ​​45,000 feet, which further cuts wind resistance. Factor in the change in materials and construction, with bolted metal and composites swapped out for lighter, stitched carbon fiber, and a BWB jet can carry hundreds of passengers with half the fuel, a huge cost savings and environmental benefit.”

NASA and Rocket Lab Aim to Prove We Can Go to Mars for 1/10 the Price Aria Alamalhodaei | TechCrunch “Instead of spending $550 million on a mission into deep space, NASA set a goal to spend just one-tenth of that and gave each SIMPLEx mission a $55 million price cap, excluding launch. ESCAPADE is one of three missions the agency selected under the SIMPLEx program, and in all likelihood, the first that will actually launch.”

Inside a Green-Hydrogen Pilot Plant Jesse Orrall | CNET “We got a look inside Verdagy’s pilot plant, where the company is testing its multimillion-dollar electrolyzer designed to turn renewable energy like wind and solar into hydrogen. …All together, Neese says, it’s ‘millions of dollars for an electrolyzer,’ but the estimated ‘tens of thousands of gallons of diesel equivalent produced per day’ of hydrogen will make green hydrogen competitive in cost with fossil fuels globally by 2030.”

LLMs Are a Dead End to AGI, Says François Chollet Kristin Houser | Big Think “Artificial general intelligence (AGI) could change the world, but no one seems to know how close we are to building it. Today’s generative AIs score well on benchmarks, but such benchmarks can be solved through memorization and don’t necessarily signal general intelligence. To accelerate progress in AI, François Chollet launched ARC Prize, a competition to see which AIs can score highest on a set of abstraction and reasoning tasks.”

Ikea’s Stock-Counting Warehouse Drones Will Fly Alongside Workers in the US Emma Roth | The Verge “The Swedish furniture chain announced that the autonomous drones will soon operate alongside workers in its Perryville, Maryland, distribution center, where Ikea started installation this summer. The Verity-branded drones also come with a new AI-powered system that allows them to fly around warehouses 24/7. That means they’ll now operate alongside human workers, helping to count inventory as well as identify if something’s in the wrong spot. Previously, the drones only flew during nonoperational hours.”

Image Credit: JetZero

This Week’s Awesome Tech Stories From Around the Web (Through August 10)

This week’s awesome tech stories from around the web (through august 3), this week’s awesome tech stories from around the web (through july 27), ‘startling advance’ in designer proteins opens a world of possibility for biotech, quantum computers will kill digital security. these algorithms could stop them., a new ‘guest star’ will appear in the sky soon. here’s how novas work and where to look., icon’s enormous 3d printer extrudes a new 100-home neighborhood.

By Catherine Pearson

Sex researchers and therapists have long known that women in heterosexual relationships tend to have fewer orgasms than men do. A large new study suggests that this “orgasm gap” persists — and does not improve with age.

The Numbers

The research, published recently in the journal Sexual Medicine, found that across all ages, men of all sexual orientations reported higher orgasm rates during sex — from 70 to 85 percent — compared with 46 to 58 percent for women. Lesbian and bisexual women between ages 35 and 49 reported higher orgasm rates than their heterosexual counterparts.

The analysis included data from eight Singles in America surveys, which are funded and conducted by Match.com annually in collaboration with The Kinsey Institute, the sexuality and relationships research program at Indiana University. The sample included more than 24,000 single Americans between the ages of 18 and 100.

Researchers were especially interested in the question of whether orgasm rates vary by age. Amanda Gesselman, a research scientist with the Kinsey Institute and lead author on the study, said she thought the team might find evidence that the orgasm gap narrows as women develop confidence and learn what they like (and, perhaps, their partners develop skills to help pleasure them).

However, while older gay and bisexual men and lesbian women did have higher orgasm rates, “we really didn’t see evidence of closing the orgasm gap overall,” she said, adding that she hopes future studies will explore the age-orgasm connection further.

“We really, as a society, sort of prioritize men’s pleasure and undervalue women’s sexual pleasure,” Dr. Gesselman said. “And I think that contributes to consistent disparities.”

The Limitations

Emily Nagoski, a sex educator and author of the book “Come Together” — who did not work on the new study — said a limitation of the study was that the survey asked: “When having sexual intercourse in general, what percentage of the time do you usually have an orgasm?” But it did not provide a more specific definition of what “sexual intercourse” means.

Research shows the majority of women require some form of clitoral stimulation in order to orgasm. So if straight women defined “sexual intercourse” as vaginal penetration alone, it makes sense that there was a significant gap in orgasm rates, she said.

A more revealing question might be, “What percentage of the sex you have do you like?” Dr. Nagoski said. “Orgasm is not the measure of a sexual encounter. Pleasure is the measure of a sexual encounter.”

Ultimately, what matters is that people spend time figuring out what makes a satisfying sexual encounter for them — which often includes things like connection, trust and comfort, said Kristen Mark, professor at the Eli Coleman Institute for Sexual and Gender Health at the University of Minnesota.

“There are so many ways to experience sexual pleasure, so it’s important not to equate the orgasm gap to a pleasure gap,” she added.

Dr. Mark said that may be especially true later in life, when factors like the hormonal changes that occur during menopause, a partner’s erectile problems or other health challenges can make it difficult for women to reliably orgasm during sex — but they might still be enjoying the sex they are having.

What Progress Looks Like

At the same time that sex researchers and experts are calling for a more nuanced understanding of what makes sex “successful,” they express frustration at the fact that heterosexual women of all ages are still not having as many orgasms as their partners.

Laurie Mintz, a professor of psychology at the University of Florida and author of “Becoming Cliterate: Why Orgasm Equality Matters — and How to Get It,” said the study’s findings underscore the need for comprehensive sex education. But that’s not enough.

Women need to figure out what they find pleasurable, and then feel confident and comfortable communicating that to their partners, Dr. Mintz said. That requires an attitude that conveys “I deserve pleasure as much as my partner,” she added — and it also requires a partner who is receptive and open. Dr. Mintz acknowledged that both are easier said than done, calling the orgasm gap an “insidious” byproduct of patriarchal attitudes toward sex.

Women who are unable to orgasm, or who are simply not having sex that feels good, can talk to their general practitioner, Dr. Mark added — though she lamented that it tends to fall on patients, not medical professionals, to initiate conversations about sexual health. And she acknowledged that most doctors get little if any training in sexual health. Still, “it’s their job to meet you where you are and find you the resources you need,” Dr. Mark said. For instance, issues like dryness and pain during sex after menopause — which can make orgasms elusive — are treatable.

But she and other sexual health experts emphasized that there are larger issues at play. Among them, the lingering idea that women’s sexual pleasure is somehow secondary.

“It can be fixed,” Dr. Mintz said. “It’s going to take education, and empowerment, and acceptance of vibrators and lubricants, and using the word ‘clitoris’ — and all of that.”

Catherine Pearson is a Times reporter who writes about families and relationships. More about Catherine Pearson

What to Know About Your Sexual Health

Sexual health can be an important part of personal well-being. the information below can help you demystify this often misunderstood topic..

A new study suggests women in heterosexual relationships still have fewer orgasms  during sex than men do, even with age and experience, creating an “orgasm gap.”

A common antibiotic, doxycycline, greatly reduced cases of syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia when taken every day , a study found.

More than half of men over 40 will experience some kind of erectile problem, and the prevalence increases with age (though men in their 20s and 30s can be affected, too). Here’s what to do about it .

Older daters are not getting adequate screening and protection from S.T.I.s. Here’s how to be a safer sexually active senior .

Any physical activity can improve your sexual health. But these five exercises  are especially beneficial.

New regimens in development, including once-weekly pills and semiannual shots , could help control H.I.V. in hard-to-reach populations.